WORKSHOPM.Sc. Pakistan Studies

Resource Person: Jamal Shah

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

POPULATION

DEMOGRAPHY

• The statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of diseases, which illustrates the changing structure of human population.

• The study of composition of a particular human population.

POPULATION

• 6th largest population (185.9 million)

• Growth rate: 1.6%

• Birth rate: 31 births/ 1000

• Death rate: 8/ 1000

• Life expectancy: 63.4years 62(M), 64(F)

• Infant Mortality: 61.27deaths/1000 live births

GROWTH RATE

• High growth rate of 1.6%

• Overall increase of 55% since 1998

– Shows 2.6% as against 3.1% in (1972-81)

• Birth Rate- Death Rate = Rate of Natural

Increase

• Birth and death rates declined

DEATH RATE/ BIRTH RATE• Declined for the last thirty years

• Come down from 30/1000 (1947) to 7.1/1000 (2006)

• Access to medical facilities

• Control over CHOLERA, MALARIA & TYPHOID

• Improvement in FOOD production

• Increase in general awareness

• Declined 50(1947) to 26.1(2006) per 1000

REASONS FOR HIGH POPULATION GROWTH

• Problem of overpopulation

–Too large to support the available resources

• Hinders several developmental plans

• Increase due to economic, political and social factors

• Position on Human Development Index

• Needs high resources

REASONS FOR HIGH POPULATION GROWTH

• Important for Agricultural and industrial labour force

• Early marriages, increases the span for reproductively

• Belief that Allah gives “RIZQ”

• Strong RESISTANCE in family planning

• Strong desires for SONs

CONTINUE…

• In migration of AFGHAN refugees

• Inconsistent Government Policies

• Illiteracy and unawareness

REMEDIES

• Population Welfare programs

– Green Star Clinics and Child Welfare Association

• NGO/ Government population welfare

• Increase in literacy rate

• Rural electrification, building roads, etc.

• Role of Ulemas

• More educational institutions for FEMALES

REMEDIES

• Delay the age of marriage to reduce birth rate

• Better utilization of natural and human resources of country

• Implementation of government policies

LIFE EXPECTANCY

• Low as compare to other countries of the world (Median age: 22years)

• Young country versus Matured country

• Older than Sub-Saharan Africa, Afghanistan, Yemen

• Younger than most of other countries as Europe, US, Canada, Japan (40 above)

• Dependency ratio: 61%

EMPLOYMENT• All persons of age 10years or above

• Paid or Self-Employed (40.5 million) – 2004

• Employed by SECTORS

– Primary: (raw materials from Earth/ Sea) – 56.5%

• Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Agriculture (42%), etc.

– Secondary: (Occupations) – 10.5%

• Steel Making, Shipbuilding, furniture, etc.

– Tertiary: (Services) – 33%

• Transport, Banking, Trade, Insurance, Administration, health, Education

SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION

42.0%

13.0%

6.0%

15.0%

6.0%

16.0%

1.8%

Agiculture Mining Construction

Trade Transport Finance

Others

UNEMPLOYMENT• Means the state of being unable to find a paid job

• 2.68 million persons, unemployed, in 2007

– 5.32% of total labour was unemployed in 2007

• Causes:

– Lack of enough economic opportunities

– Social and economic problems

• Disguised Unemployment (Agriculture)

• Lack of manpower planning

• Lack of skill training, education, technical Ed.

CONTINUE….• High rate of population growth

• Mechanization in AGRICULTURE

• Revolution in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

• CULTURAL restrains

• Mismatch in demand and supply of LABOUR force

• RURAL urban migration

• Political instability

• Terrorism

CONTINUE…• SOLUTION:

– Increase in literacy ratio

– Skilled labour vs unskilled (Institutions)

–Alignment of education with industry

–Trained and skilled to foreign countries can add remittances (GNP)

– Standard of Living and style of Life

–Quantity and Quality of food production

POPULATION DENSITY• The density is the number of people per unit

area (per sq. mile, per sq. km, etc.)

• Population Density = 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝟕𝟗𝟔, 𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒌𝒎= 230

• FACTORS affecting population density:

– Physical: Relief, Climate, Soil, Water Supply, Natural Vegetation, etc.

– Human: Economic, Political, Social

• Punjab(56%), Sindh(23%), KP(14%), Bal(5%)

MIGRATION• The movement of people from one area to

another: ( - 1.8/ 1000)

– Can be on cause, duration, distance, origin, etc.

– In migration vs out-migration

– Immigrants(come) vs emigrants (leave)

– Rural PUSH vs Urban PULL

• Problems:

– Housing, Environmental Degradation, Pressure on Infrastructure, Increase in crimes, Social & Psychological problems, cities’ unplanned growth