population growth in india

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PREPARED BY:

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POPULATION GROWTH

ININDIA

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INTRODUCTION: India comes next only to China as regards the size of its

population but is seventh in this world as regards the size of

its area.

Thus, on 2.4 percent of world's area with 1.8 percent of world

income, India is maintaining 18 percent of world's population.

It clearly indicates that there is excessive burden of

population in India.

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Size and Growth of lndias

population:India's population increased rapidly in the post-independenceperiod.

Between 1951-61, it increased by more than 7.82 crore whichexceeded its growth rate of the previous 40 years.

Between 1971-81, growth rate of population was 24.8percent.

Between 1981-91 it was 23.8 percent.

The population was estimated to be 84 crore 63 lakh in the

year 1991 and 102.90 crore in 2001. In the year 2011, size of population was 121.02 crore.

Every year there is an addition of about 1 crore 80 lakhspersons in our country population.

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Size and growth of Indias population till 2011

are indicated in the following table:Growth of population of India

Year Population (crore)Increase in Population

(crore)

18911921

1931

1941

1951

1961

19711981

1991

2001

2011

23.8725.13

27.90

31.87

36.11

43.92

54.8268.33

84.63

102.90

121.02

-----1.26

2.77

3.97

4.24

7.81

10.9013.51

16.30

18.27

18.12

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Classification of Growth of Population:

Period of stable population(1891-1921)

Period of growth of population(1921-1951)

Period of population explosion(1951-1981)

Period of high growth but with signs of slowing down

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Birth Rate And Death Rate:

Birth rate refers to number of children bornper thousand persons in a year.

Death rate refers to number of people dying

per thousand persons in a year.

when it is said that birth rate in India is 22 it

means every year 22 children are born per

thousand persons, on the average.

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Birth rate and death rate situation in India for

the last 108 years is shown in Table :

Period Birth rate(per 1,000 per Year)

Death rate(per 1,000 per Year)

Growth Rate(Of Decade)

1901-1910

1921-1930

1951-1960

1961-1970

1971-1980

1981-19901991-2001

2009

49.2

46.4

41.7

37.9

36.0

32.525.0

22.5

42.6

36.3

22.8

19.0

15.0

11.48.1

7.3

6.6

10.1

18.9

18.9

21.O

21.116.9

15.2

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Rural-Urban Population :India is an agricultural country, so ratio of urban population

is less than rural population.

Ratio of urban-rural population in different census years is

shown in the following Table:

Year Ratio of Rural

Population (%)

Ratio of Urban

Population (%)

1901

1951

19611971

1981

1991

2001

89.2

82.7

82.080.1

76.7

74.3

72.2

10.8

17.3

18.019.9

23.3

25.7

27.8

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Two main causes of rise in urban

population in India are : Migration Effect: Rural life in India suffers from many

difficulties, such as, less opportunities of employment, low level ofincome, lack of educational and training facilities, lack of healthand medical

facilities, etc. In order to get rid of these difficulties rural-peoplemigrate to urban areas.

Attraction Effect: Urban living has its own attraction, such aseducational, medical and health facilities, jobopportunities, development of railways, recreationcentres, restaurants and park, etc.

Rural people are very much tempted by these allurements anddecide to settle in towns and cities.

According to a report by National Sample Survey, main causeof rural-male to migrate to urban areas is employment andrural-female is wedding ties.

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Age Structure/Composition :Age structure of the population of a country indicates the

extent to which the population of that country is useful

from the economic point of view.

Population in the age group of 15-60 years is known as

working population.

Population in the age group of 0-14 years and above 60

years is known as non-working/dependent population.

Higher proportion of working population is beneficialfor the economic development of the nation.

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Further information with regard to age structure

is given in table :Year Age-group: 0-14

years (%)

Age-group: 15-60

years (%)

Age-group:

Above 60 years

(%)

1911

1951

1981

1991

20012006

2016(target)

38.8

37.4

39.5

36.5

35.332.3

25.1

60.2

57.1

54.0

57.1

57.058.7

64.8

1.0

5.5

6.5

6.4

7.79.0

10.1

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Age-group: 0-14 years(%)

Age-group: 15-60 years(%)

Age-group: Above 60years (%)

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Expectation of Life/Life Expectancy:

Expectation of life refers to the average life of the people

of a country.

In India expectation of life of the people is very short.

Average life expectancy is shown in Table:Year Expectation of Life

(in years)

Year Expectation of Life

(in years)

1921

19311941

1951

1961

19.4

26.932.0

33.0

41.0

1971

19811991

2001

2010

52.0

54.059.0

64.0

64.4

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Sex Ratio :In fact, in most of the nations of the world, males out numberthe females.

Sex ratio in the world is 984 females to 1,000 males.

According to 2011 Census, sex ratio in India was 940 females

to 1,000 males.It has changed from census to census as shown in Table.

Year No. of Women per

1,000 men

Year No. of Women per

1,000 men

19011911

1921

1931

1941

1951

972964

955

950

945

946

19611971

1981

1991

2001

2011

941930

934

927

933

940

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Literacy:Any person above the age of 7 years, who can read and write in any

language is treated as literate.

According to the census of 2011, the rate of literacy in

India is 74.04 per cent.

Males rate of literacy is 82.l4 percent.

Females rate of literacy is 65.46 percent.

State Literacy rate (%)

(female)

State Literacy rate (%)

(female)

Kerala

Rajasthan

Punjab

92

52.7

71.3

Haryana

Himachal Pradesh

Jharkhand

66.8

76.6

56.2

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Occupational Structure of Population :

Economists divide all occupations into three

sectors:

Primary Sector: It includes such economic activities as

are related to agriculture, animal husbandry

forestry, fisheries, etc.

Secondary Sector: It includes manufacturing

industries, village and small-scale industry, etc.

Tertiary Sector: It includes

trade, transport, communication, banking, insurance, etc

.

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Changes in the occupational distribution of

population in India are shown in table :Occupation 1901 1971 1991 2000 2004-

2005

2006-

2007

Primary SectorSecondary Sector

Tertiary Sector

71.712.6

15.7

72.111.2

16.7

67.412.1

20.5

57.416.8

25.8

5219.5

28.5

50.220.4

29.4

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

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Following inferences can be drawn regarding

occupational distribution of population in India:Agriculture is Main occupation

Less Development of industries

Indian economy is highly unbalancedLess income

Small villages

Backward agriculture

Increase in the proportion of agricultural labourers

No special change in occupational distribution

Less development of tertiary activities

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Suggestions regarding occupational structure:

With regard to occupational structure of India, the policy of

the government has been to develop rapidly small and

cottage industries, transport, banking, trade, etc.

Prof. Wadia and Merchant have suggested that small and

medium sized industries should be developed in the country.

Dr. Rangnekar have suggested that the lobourers instead of

rushing to manufacturing industries should join service

sector i.e. transport, petrol pump, hotel, etc.

India should lay more stress on the development of labour

intensive technology to effect change in occupational

structure for the good of the economy.

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Projected Population Statistics

Items 2011 2016 2021 2026

(1) Population (crore)

(2) Population Growth Rate

(%, p.a.)(3) Birth Rate (Per 1000, Per

Year)

(4) Death Rate (Per 1000, Per

Year)

(5) Total Fertility Rate (TFR)(6) Life Expectancy (Years)

Male

Female

121.02

(Actual)

1.3

(Actual)21,9

7.3

2.5

65.8

68.1

120.9

1.2

19.6

7.2

2.3

67.3

69.6

134

1.1

18

7.1

2.2

68.8

71.1

140

0.9

18

7.1

2.0

69.8

72.3

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THANK YOU

HSK

population growth in india

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