population genetic
DESCRIPTION
Population Genetic. Hardy-Wienberg Law Genetic drift Inbreeding Genetic Bottleneck Outbreeding Founder event Effective population size Gene flow. Population Genetics. Genotype, phenotype locus, genotype frequency, allele frequency. Determining the genotype for an enzyme in a fish. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Population Genetic
• Hardy-Wienberg Law• Genetic drift• Inbreeding• Genetic Bottleneck• Outbreeding• Founder event• Effective population size• Gene flow
Population Genetics
• Genotype, phenotype
• locus, genotype frequency, allele frequency
Determining the genotype for an enzyme in a fish.
IDHP (isocitrate dehydrogenase) from a grasshopper
Individuals
1 2 3 . . .
AA
aa
Aa
Genotype and Phenotype• Genotypes AA, aa (Homozygous), Aa (Heterozygous)• Phenotype trait X = AA and Aa , trait Y = aa• Alleles A and a
• If p = proportion of allele A and if q = proportion of allele a• Then p+q = 1• Knowing p and q the Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium gives the
expected frequency of the three genotypes as:
• (p+q)2 = p2 +2pq + q2 = 1 AA = p2, aa = q2 and Aa = 2pq
Hardy-Wienberg EquilibriumAssumptions
• Population size is very large• Random mating is occurring• No mutation is taking place• No immigration (geneflow)• No selection is occurring
Genetic drift
Inbreeding
A alleles common by descent
• Effective population size• Founder effect• Genetic bottleneck• Outbreeding depression• Gene flow