monitoring.cleanairactionplan.org · polb air quality monitoring program: cy 2013 summary report...

Air Quality Monitoring Programat the Port of Long Beach

Annual Summary ReportCalendar Year 2013

Prepared For:

Port of Long Beach Environmental Planning Division

4801 Airport Plaza DriveLong Beach, California 90815

May 2014

This page is intentionally left blank.

Air Quality Monitoring Programat the Port of Long BeachAnnual Summary Report

Calendar Year 2013

Prepared for:

Port of Long Beach Environmental Planning Division

4801 Airport Plaza DriveLong Beach, California 90815

Prepared by:

Leidos 10260 Campus Point Drive MS H-4

San Diego, California 92121

May 2014

POLB Air Quality Monitoring Program: CY 2013 Summary Report

Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................ IV

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 5

1.1 Factors Affecting the Monitoring Data ............................................................................................. 5

1.2 Overview of 2013 Monitoring Data ................................................................................................... 7

2 MONITORING PROGRAM BACKGROUND ............................................... 10

2.1 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................................................... 10

2.2 Study Planning .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Location of the Monitoring Stations .......................................................................................... 12

2.3 Implementation of the Monitoring Program .................................................................................. 13 2.3.1 The Monitoring Network ........................................................................................................... 14 2.3.2 Program Start Dates ................................................................................................................... 15

2.4 Development of Real-Time Data Presentation ............................................................................... 15

3 DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 15

3.1 Data Summary Calendar Year 2013 ............................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 CO Data Summary .................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.2 NO2 Data Summary .................................................................................................................. 18 3.1.3 O3 Data Summary ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.4 SO2 Data Summary ................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.5 PM10 Data Summary ................................................................................................................. 24 3.1.6 PM2.5 Data Summary ................................................................................................................ 26

3.2 Meteorological Data .......................................................................................................................... 28

3.3 PM Measurements During Unusual Events.................................................................................... 30

3.4 Quality Assurance Procedures ......................................................................................................... 30

3.5 Data Recovery ................................................................................................................................... 31

4 TRENDS ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 31

4.1 Trends in Gaseous Criteria Pollutants ............................................................................................ 33 4.1.1 CO Concentrations .................................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2 NO2 Concentrations .................................................................................................................. 34 4.1.3 O3 Concentrations ..................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.4 SO2 Concentrations ................................................................................................................... 36

4.2 Trends in PM10 and PM2.5 Data ...................................................................................................... 36

5 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................... 42

6 REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 43

May 2014 i


Table of Figures

Figure 1. 2012 NOX Emissions in the SoCAB (mass percent) ...................................... 6

Figure 2. 2012 PM2.5 Emissions in the SoCAB (mass percent) .................................... 6

Figure 3. POLB Container Throughput (TEU), 2005-2013 ............................................ 7

Figure 4. Average Monthly Ozone Concentrations (ppm) at the Port Stations and Selected SCAQMD Stations, CY 2013 ............................................................................. 8

Figure 5. Average Monthly BAM PM2.5 Concentrations (µg/m3) at the Port Stations and Selected SCAQMD Stations, CY 2013 ............................................................................. 9

Figure 6. Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations at Port of Long Beach ............ 12

Figure 7. 2013 Wind Roses for Port of Long Beach Air Quality Monitoring Program.. 29

Figure 8. Annual Average CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations ........... 33

Figure 9. Annual Average NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations .......... 34

Figure 10. Annual Average O3 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations ............ 35

Figure 11. Annual Average SO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations .......... 36

Figure 12. Annual Average PM10 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations by FRM Monitors. ..................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 13. Second Highest 24-hour Average PM10 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations by FRM Monitors. ...................................................................................... 38

Figure 14. Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations Measured at the Superblock Station by the FRM Monitor. ........................................................................................................ 39

Figure 15. 98th Percentile of the 24-hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations Measured at the Superblock Station by the FRM Monitor. .................................................................. 41

May 2014

ii


Table of Tables Table 1. California and National Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................. 16

Table 2. NAAQS Comparison - CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD station. ................................................................................. 18

Table 3. CAAQS Comparison - CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ................................................................................. 18

Table 4. NAAQS Comparison - NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ................................................................................. 20

Table 5. CAAQS Comparison - NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ................................................................................. 20

Table 6. NAAQS Comparison – 3 Year Average of Fourth-highest 8-hour Average O3 concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ......................... 21

Table 7. CAAQS Comparison - Fourth-highest 8-hour Average O3 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ..................................................... 22

Table 8. NAAQS Comparison – Three Year Average of the 99th Percentile 8-hour Average and Second Highest 3-hour Average SO2 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ................................................................................. 23

Table 9. CAAQS Comparison – Highest 24-hour Average and Highest 1-hour Average SO2 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. .. 23

Table 10. NAAQS Comparison – Highest 24-hour Average PM10 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ........................................................... 25

Table 11. CAAQS Comparison – Highest 24-hour and Annual Average PM10 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. ............... 26

Table 12. NAAQS Comparison –Three Year Average of 98th Percentile 24-hour and Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port Station and the Nearest SCAQMD Station. .................................................................................................................... 27

Table 13. CAAQS Comparison – Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port Station and the Nearest SCAQMD Station ..................................................................... 28

May 2014

iii


List of Acronyms AQ Air Quality BAM Beta Attenuation Monitor CAAP Clean Air Action Program CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standard CARB California Air Resources Board CFR Code of Federal Regulations CO Carbon Monoxide DPM Diesel Particulate Matter DRI Desert Research Institute EC Elemental Carbon FEM Federal Equivalent Method FRM Federal Reference Method GP Gull Park µg/m3 Microgram Per Meter Cubed NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NLB North Long Beach NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide O3 Ozone OC Organic Carbon PCH Pacific Coast Highway PM Particulate Matter PM2.5 Particulate Matter Less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter PM10 Particulate Matter Less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter POLA Port of Los Angeles POLB Port of Long Beach Port Port of Long Beach PPM Parts per million PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon QA Quality Assurance ROI Region of Influence SB Superblock SC Suspected Carcinogen SoCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SFS Sequential Filter Samplers SO2 Sulfur Dioxide TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

May 2014

iv


Port of Long Beach Air Quality Monitoring Program

Long Beach

2013 Summary Report

1 Introduction This report for the air quality monitoring program at the Port of Long Beach (Port or POLB) summarizes the data collected during calendar year 2013 (CY 2013) and reviews the preliminary trends shown in the air quality data during the seven-year period of record (2007-2013). There are four gaseous criteria air pollutants measured on a real-time basis under this program: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). In addition, particulate matter (PM) is measured at two size thresholds, PM less than 10 micrometers and PM less than 2.5 micrometers (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively). PM measurements are conducted using two methods: (a) traditional filter-based samplers which are the Federal Reference Method (FRM); and (b) on a continuous basis using beta attenuation monitors (BAM). In addition, meteorological parameters are continuously measured. Data from the program are available for public review at the San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan website: http://www.cleanairactionplan.org. The data collected at the Port’s two monitoring stations during CY 2013 were averaged and compared to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) established for each pollutant over specific averaging periods (e.g., 1 hour, 24 hours, annual). While such comparisons are presented, this report does not make any representations as to compliance with NAAQS or CAAQS. NAAQS compliance determinations are made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) with input from state and regional air agencies. CAAQS compliance determinations are made by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). For the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB), which includes the Los Angeles metropolitan region, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) is responsible for operating the air quality monitoring stations which are used for those compliance demonstrations. While the Port’s monitoring stations are operated in accordance with the same federal and state regulations and guidelines, the Port’s stations are outside the official monitoring network and are not used in those determinations.

1.1 Factors Affecting the Monitoring Data

Ambient air pollution levels near the San Pedro Bay, where the Port of Long Beach is located, are influenced by a number of factors including local pollutant emissions, regional air pollution levels, and meteorology. Several important criteria air pollutants (i.e., ozone, PM2.5) are created (in whole or in part) by chemical reactions which occur after the release of emissions into the atmosphere. As such, concentrations from these pollutants are expected to be more regional. Other pollutants, like PM10, are more localized in nature. Emissions from port-related goods movement are an important contributor to air pollution levels in the SoCAB region. The emissions reported in Figures 1 and 2 are based upon

May 2014 5

http://www.cleanairactionplan.org/


the Port’s 2012 emissions inventory, and compare the Port’s contribution to the regional emissions for nitrogen oxides (NOX) and PM2.5 in the SoCAB in CY 2012; the most recent year for which data are available. As shown below, Port-related mobile source emissions are estimated to contribute about 3% of regional NOX emissions and 0.7% of regional PM2.5 emissions (based on CY 2012 data). Figure 1. 2012 NOX Emissions in the SoCAB (mass percent)

Figure 2. 2012 PM2.5 Emissions in the SoCAB (mass percent)

As shown in the Port’s annual air emissions inventories, Port-related air pollutant emissions have been declining in recent years.1 This decline was due to a number of factors, most significantly the successful implementation of control measures under the San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP). Those measures, as well as state regulations that subsequently come into effect, have significantly reduced emission rates from port-related goods movement sources such as heavy duty trucks, ocean-going vessels, and cargo handling equipment. Between 2005 (the CAAP baseline year) and 2012, emissions associated with Port of Long Beach operations showed a 78 percent reduction in PM2.5, an 81 percent reduction in diesel particulate matter (DPM), an 88 percent reduction in sulfur oxides (SOx) and a 54 percent reduction in NOx. In recent years, the decrease in port-related emissions was also affected in part by a decline in goods movement activity at the San Pedro Bay ports. Container throughput at the Port experienced a significant drop due to the economic recession of 2008-2009, with traffic 30 percent lower in CY2009 as compared to CY2007. The container

1 Port of Long Beach Air Emissions Inventory – 2012. Starcrest Consulting Group LLC. (http://www.polb.com), July 2013.

Other Mobile26%

Stationary &Area14%

Port of Long Beach

3%

On-Road56%

Port of Long Beach 0.7%Other Mobile

13%

On-Road<20%

Stationary & Area67%

May 2014 6

http://www.polb.com/


throughput during 2013 increased over 10% from 2012 and is approximately 8% below the peak in 2007. Monthly POLB container throughput or twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) data for CY 2005-2013 are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. POLB Container Throughput (TEU), 2005-2013

Lastly, meteorology can have a significant influence on regional air pollution levels from one year to the next. So while CAAP measures and state regulations have improved air emissions levels, it is not presently known how much of any decrease in ambient air pollutant concentrations measured at the Port’s air monitoring stations can be specifically attributed to goods movement-focused emission control measures under the CAAP or state law.

1.2 Overview of 2013 Monitoring Data

The Port maintains two air monitoring stations, one at Gull Park (outer harbor) and one at the North Harbor Superblock (inner harbor). For the gaseous air pollutants (i.e., O3, CO, NO2, and SO2), ambient air concentrations measured at the Port’s stations were below NAAQS or CAAQS levels during CY 2013. Filter-based PM2.5 measurements at both Port stations were below the federal annual average PM2.5 NAAQS and state annual average PM2.5 CAAQS, which are now the same value. The measurements were also below the 24-hour average PM2.5 NAAQS (there is no separate 24-hour average PM2.5 CAAQS). The annual average NAAQS for PM10 was revoked by EPA in 2006. In addition, the shorter-term PM10 24-hour average NAAQS was not exceeded at either the Superblock or the Gull Park station. Both of the Port air quality monitoring stations exceeded the more restrictive PM10 annual average and 24-hour average CAAQS. The 24-hour PM10 CAAQS was exceeded once at the Gull Park station and nineteen times at the Superblock station.

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

Num

ber o

fTEU

s

Month

TEU

May 2014 7


Data collected at the Port’s stations were similar to data collected by the SCAQMD’s stations located throughout the SoCAB region.2 Figure 4 compares the ozone concentrations measured at the Port’s stations to selected SCAQMD stations during 2013, while Figure 5 makes the comparison of the PM2.5 measurements (collected using the real-time BAM instruments) for 2013. The PM2.5 filter-based measurements at Superblock are also compared graphically to filter-based PM2.5 measurements at SCAQMD’s North Long Beach Station (NLB) for most of 2013, and can be seen in Figure A-9 of Appendix A. However, the ozone monitor at the NLB station was shut down by the SCAQMD on 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 for that station cannot be determined for comparison with the Port’s stations. The average monthly pollutant concentrations have been selected as a convenient visual scale in the figures to illustrate the main features of the data set, rather than as a direct comparison against the NAAQS and CAAQS regulatory standards.

Figure 4. Average Monthly Ozone Concentrations (ppm) at the Port Stations and

Selected SCAQMD Stations, CY 2013

2 Data from the SCAQMD’s monitoring program was obtained from CARB website; Port data are reported in this document.

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

Aver

age

Mon

thly

O3

Conc

entr

atio

n (p

pm)

Month

Super BlockGull ParkBurbank-W Palm AvenueLos Angeles-North Main StreetNorth Long BeachAnaheim-Pampas LaneCompton-700 North Bullis Road

May 2014 8


Figure 5. Average Monthly BAM PM2.5 Concentrations (µg/m3) at the Port Stations and Selected SCAQMD Stations, CY 2013

As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the ozone and PM2.5 levels measured at the Port during 2013 were within the range observed at other SCAQMD monitoring stations in the SoCAB. The O3 concentrations shown in Figure 4 show peaks at all stations during the spring and summer, because the photochemical reactions required to produce O3 are stronger during the summer (O3 is a secondary pollutant formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in the presence of sunlight). In contrast, PM2.5 concentrations do not show the distinct seasonal changes exhibited by O3 concentrations. There are some differences evident in the PM2.5 data set: PM2.5 concentrations at the coastal stations (including the Port stations and some of the SCAQMD stations) show lower concentrations during the period from late winter to summer. The stations closest to the coast tend to have lower concentrations during the summer months and somewhat higher concentrations at the beginning and end of the year, which may be due to better dispersion of PM2.5 emissions during the spring and summer. The inland stations located in downtown Los Angeles and Burbank tend to have higher PM2.5 concentrations compared to the coastal stations during the first two-thirds of the year.

0

10

20

30

40

50Av

erag

e M

onth

ly P

M2.

5Co

ncen

trat

ion

(µg/

m3 )

Month

Super BlockGull ParkBurbank-W Palm AvenueLos Angeles-North Main StreetNorth Long BeachAnaheim-Pampas LaneSouth Long Beach

May 2014 9


2 Monitoring Program Background

2.1 Objectives of the Study

The Port of Long Beach developed a plan for an air monitoring program in 2005 to collect representative ambient air quality and meteorological data within the area of the Port’s Harbor District. Start-up of the monitoring program was achieved in late 2006. The Port’s network consists of two monitoring stations, located in the Inner Harbor and the Outer Harbor areas. Data on the following parameters are being collected:

• Real-time measurement of ambient air quality concentrations for nitrogen dioxide

(NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5).

• Integrated 24-hour ambient measurement of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations,

using traditional filter-based samplers. • Real-time measurement of meteorological parameters, including wind direction,

wind speed, ambient temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, precipitation, and solar radiation.

This annual report documents the findings of this program for January through December 2013, and compares the 2013 data with the historical data collected during the seven-year period of record. The goals of this program are to determine compliance of the area surrounding the Port with the National and State of California ambient air quality standards, and to communicate that information to the communities surrounding the Port. This monitoring program is an integral part of the Port’s commitment to improve the air quality through the CAAP. The environmental information collected by this program is used to provide a better understanding of the air quality and meteorological conditions in the Port area and to provide feedback on the Port’s air quality improvement efforts.

2.2 Study Planning

After establishing the overall goal of the program, the Port held extensive discussions with its technical consultants to finalize the details of the monitoring program and to generate a preliminary work plan. This preliminary work plan also received input from both SCAQMD and CARB. The preliminary work plan was revised to reflect the comments of these two agencies and a final copy of the work plan was then generated (Port 2008). As outlined in the work plan, a siting analysis was conducted and the Port identified a number of sites that could potentially be used for the air quality monitoring program. These sites were reviewed for site availability, physical infrastructure, security, proximity to the Port’s emission sources and local environment, as well as regulations set forth in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulation (CFR), Part 58 and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems. The results of the siting analysis identified two monitoring station sites, one in the Inner Harbor area and one in the Outer Harbor area, that were considered to best fit the criteria established for the monitoring program.

May 2014 10


These candidate sites were reviewed by SCAQMD, which concurred with the proposed locations. Additionally, both sites have been used to further expand on the other regional air quality monitoring efforts within the area, including programs operated by the Port of Los Angeles (POLA), SCAQMD, and CARB.

May 2014 11


2.2.1 Location of the Monitoring Stations

The locations of the two monitoring stations are shown in Figure 6 and a description of each is given below. Figure 6. Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations at Port of Long Beach

May 2014 12


Superblock Inner Harbor Station (33o 46’ 54.07” N, 118o 12’ 48.93” W) – This site is located near the intersection of Canal Avenue and 12th Street, is owned by the Port and is known as “Superblock.” Superblock is a large paved area used as a storage (e.g. shipping containers and cars) and staging site, and is heavily populated with mobile sources of air pollution (i.e. on-road diesel trucks); in addition the surrounding area is being used for commercial/industrial operations. There are several smaller container distribution sites and stationary sources present near Superblock as well. The major roadways in the area are not directly adjacent to the site, minimizing near-field sampling bias from mobile sources on these roadways. However, the station is immediately adjacent to a small alley/roadway used by a nearby trucking facility. This roadway was previously unpaved leading to large amounts of fugitive dust being entrained in the air when heavy-duty trucks used the road. The road was paved in mid October 2013. The Superblock location is situated downwind of the Port during onshore air flow patterns, and is representative of the heavily industrialized Inner Harbor area. Based on information gathered from the Port and from maps, photographs, and operations over the last four years, the site has adequate security and site access and no adverse geographical conditions.

Navy Mole/Gull Park Outer Harbor Station (33 o 44’ 40.26” N, 118 o 13’ 05.14” W) – The Gull Park site is located at the eastern end of the “Navy Mole” (i.e. eastern end of Nimitz Road), which is a peninsula that terminates at the Long Beach Channel. Unlike the Superblock site, there are no nearby stationary emission sources at the Gull Park site. However, sources that may impact the monitoring site at times include ocean-going vessels transiting the Long Beach Channel, as well as vessel and shore-side operations at the adjacent Energia Logistics, Ltd. (formerly Sea Launch) facility and other nearby Port terminals. The Gull Park site is expected to have less impacts from Port-related sources much of the time, and any impacts should be due primarily from ships and terminal operations, rather than on road trucks and distribution centers as is the case at the Superblock station. Based on information gathered from the Port and from maps, photographs and operations over the last several years, the site has adequate security and site access and no adverse geographical conditions.

2.3 Implementation of the Monitoring Program

As part of the final work plan, the Port developed an Air Quality Monitoring Plan that outlines the design of the ambient air quality and meteorological monitoring stations including the specifications for all of the monitoring equipment, calibration systems, and flow recorders (Port 2010a). The monitoring plan also specifies the locations for probes and samplers in a manner consistent with 40 CFR, Part 58 and the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems. The Port’s monitoring program also included the development of a Quality Assurance (QA) Plan that details all of the necessary quality assurance/control procedures for calibration and operation of the monitoring stations (Port 2010b). All QA methods are consistent with the USEPA requirements specified in Title 40 CFR, Part 58 and the USEPA Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurements Systems and the CARB Air Monitoring Quality Assurance Manual. Review and feedback on the draft monitoring and quality assurance plans were provided by the SCAQMD.

May 2014 13


2.3.1 The Monitoring Network

As previously mentioned, the Port’s monitoring program collects three different types of data: (1) air pollutant concentrations measured by real-time analyzers, (2) particulate matter (PM) concentrations measured by integrated filter-based samplers and (3) meteorological data from real-time measurements. Each of the monitoring stations has the following four components:

2.3.1.1 Integrated 24-hour PM Monitoring

PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on a 24-hour integrated basis are measured using Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors. FRM units operate using sampling methods for analyzing ambient air that have been designated as a reference method in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53. These monitors have an operational certification to measure 24-hr average concentrations for compliance with the NAAQS and CAAQS. The Superblock site contains FRM PM10 and PM2.5 monitors, and the Gull Park site contains an FRM PM10 monitor.

In order to further identify the particles that make up PM2.5, samples can be collected on different filter media (Teflon and quartz) using Sequential Filter Samplers (SFS) fabricated by the Desert Research Institute (DRI). Samples collected on these SFS monitors permit a detailed PM2.5 speciation analysis, which includes the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC), metals, ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Detailed PM2.5 speciation was performed at both air monitoring stations during the 2007 and 2008 sampling period. In 2012, the SFS monitors were also used for a special one-year study to collect PM2.5, EC, and OC data. No special studies were performed during 2013.

2.3.1.2 Continuous Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring

Each station is equipped with analyzers to determine real-time air pollutant concentrations for the gaseous pollutants (i.e. NO-NO2-NOx, O3, CO, and SO2). These analyzers are FRM- or Federal Equivalent Method (FEM)-designated monitors and include the following:

• Pulsed Fluorescence SO2 Analyzer • Chemiluminescent NO-NO2-NOx Analyzer • Gas Filter Correlation CO Analyzer • U.V. Photometric Ozone (O3) Analyzer

In contrast to FRMs, FEMs are methods of sampling and analyzing ambient air that have been designated as an “equivalent” monitoring method in accordance with 40 CFR Part 53.

2.3.1.3 Continuous Monitoring of PM

In addition to the integrated 24-hr PM monitoring described above, both of the Port’s monitoring stations are equipped to monitor PM10 and PM2.5 on a continuous and real-time basis. These data are collected with Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAMs) that measure PM10 and PM2.5 concentration at hourly intervals. The data collected by these instruments are used to supplement the integrated filter-based data produced by the FRM units, but have generally not been used for direct comparison with the NAAQS.

May 2014 14


This approach is consistent with the SCAQMD’s recent policy, which proposed to EPA to exclude PM2.5 data collected with continuous monitors from comparison with the NAAQS, because the data from continuous monitors can read, on average, from 0% to 60% higher PM2.5 concentrations than the traditional filter-based FRMs (SCAQMD, 2013).

2.3.1.4 Continuous Monitoring of Meteorological Parameters

Because meteorology greatly influences the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere, each station is equipped with the necessary instrumentation to monitor various meteorological parameters, including wind speed and direction, ambient temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure. The Superblock station also measures precipitation and solar radiation. These data are recorded in real-time by an on-site data logger, which also averages and stores the data. The data are automatically transmitted on an hourly basis to a central data acquisition system where they are archived for future review and analysis.

2.3.2 Program Start Dates

The monitoring program officially began with the continuous monitoring of PM, gaseous criteria pollutants, and meteorological parameters at both the Superblock and Gull Park sites on October 1, 2006. The collection of filter-based (or gravimetric) samples from both of these sites started shortly thereafter, on November 22, 2006.

2.4 Development of Real-Time Data Presentation

As part of the Port’s air quality monitoring program, the Port has also developed a public web site (http://www.cleanairactionplan.org), which provides an opportunity for the public to review the local air quality on a near real-time basis, and to see the effects of unusual environmental conditions (e.g. the southern California wildfires, Santa Ana conditions, etc.). The data on the program’s web site are automatically uploaded on an hourly basis directly from the stations’ data loggers. Consequently, it is important to note (as stated on the web site) that the data on the web site should be considered as preliminary and has not been through a quality assurance review.

3 Data Analysis Air quality can be characterized as the concentration of various pollutants within the ambient atmosphere. Comparison of these pollutants with the federal and state ambient air quality standards is often made to evaluate air quality conditions in an area. The USEPA has established the NAAQS, which are maximum pollutant limits that shall not be exceeded more than once per year (other than short-term standards for O3, NO2, SO2, PM, and those based on annual averages). Annual pollutant averages are never to exceed the annual NAAQS. Primary standards set limits to protect public health, including the health of "sensitive" populations such as children and the elderly. Secondary standards set limits to protect public welfare, including protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings. The Clean Air Act and its subsequent amendments delegate the enforcement of these standards to the states, who may adopt the NAAQS as state standards or establish more stringent acceptable pollutant concentration levels if they deem necessary. CARB has established a set of state standards (CAAQS) that are often more stringent than the NAAQS.

May 2014 15



Table 1 presents the California and national ambient air quality standards. Table 1. California and National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant Averaging Times California Standards

National Standards

Primary Standards

Secondary Standards

Ozone (O3) 8-hour 0.070 ppm 0.075 ppm Same as

Primary 1-hour 0.09 ppm --- Carbon

Monoxide (CO) 8-hour 9 ppm 9 ppm --- 1-hour 20 ppm 35 ppm ---

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Annual 0.030 ppm 53 ppb Same as primary

1-hour 0.18 ppm 100 ppb*

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

24-hour 0.04 ppm --- --- 3-hour --- --- 0.5 ppm 1-hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb** ---

Lead 30-day 1.5 µg/m3 --- ---

Rolling 3-Month Average --- 0.15 µg/m3 Same as primary

Respirable Particulate

Matter (PM10)

Annual 20 µg/m3 --- Same as primary

24-hour 50 µg/m3 150 µg/m3

Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

Annual 12 µg/m3 12 µg/m3*** 15.0 µg/m3 24-hour --- 35 µg/m3 Same as primary

Notes: National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health. National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant. * The new one-hour NO2 standard was promulgated on January 22, 2010. ** The new one-hour SO2 standard was promulgated on June 3, 2010. *** The new annual PM2.5 standard was promulgated on December 14, 2012. The following analytical summaries of the data collected at the two Port air monitoring stations during January through December, 2013 draw comparisons to the NAAQS and CAAQS. To provide a comparison with air quality data collected at the Port stations, the data from the nearest SCAQMD air monitoring station measuring gaseous pollutants is included in the tables and figures. Previously, data from the SCAQMD station in North Long Beach were used for comparison with the Port stations, but operation of most instruments at that station was ended on October 4, 2013. The SCAQMD station at Compton, located 5.4 miles north-northwest of the North Long Beach station, measures the gaseous pollutants CO, NO2, and O3, so data from the Compton station was used to provide a 2013 comparison with the Port stations for the gaseous pollutants. The SCAQMD station at South Long Beach, located 2.3 miles south-southeast of the North Long Beach station, measures PM10 and PM2.5, so data from the South Long Beach station was used to provide a 2013 comparison with the Port stations for the PM pollutants (the South Long Beach station does not monitor for gaseous pollutants). Filter based PM2.5 data was collected for all of

May 2014 16


CY 2013 at the North Long Beach station. The data from North and South Long Beach for this parameter have been included in the figures presented in this report for comparison against the data collected at the Port stations. These data summaries include the following parameters: [1] CO, [2] NO2, [3] O3, [4] SO2, [5] PM10, and [6] PM2.5. The wind speed and direction measurements collected during 2013 are also summarized. In addition to these written summaries, the data are presented in several ways:

1. Presentation of wind roses, which visually depict the distribution of winds at a site showing speed, direction and frequency (Figures A-1 to A-2).

2. Presentation of the air quality data in graphs (Figures A-3 to A-10). 3. Presentation of the air quality data in tables (Tables A-1 to A-29).

Since the tabular and graphic data presentations are quite extensive, most of the figures and many of the graphs are included in Appendix A. The figures and tables that have been included as part of Appendix A are denoted by the letter “A” in front of the number designation; for example, Figure A-1 and Table A-1 can be found in Appendix A. The following sections provide measured concentrations of pollutants at the Superblock and Gull Park sites, compared with the relevant standards for those pollutants.

3.1 Data Summary Calendar Year 2013

3.1.1 CO Data Summary

Figure A-3 shows the average monthly concentrations over the period of record (the graphs of average monthly pollutant concentrations have been selected as a convenient scale for illustration of the main features in the data set). The highlights of this graph are:

• Average CO concentrations are low for this pollutant throughout the period.

• There is a slight increase in CO concentrations during the winter months, presumably due to the light wind conditions and surface-based temperature inversions commonly present during this time of year, which tend to trap pollutants in the lower atmosphere.

CO averages are presented for the Port’s Superblock and Gull Park stations, and the SCAQMD’s Compton station in Tables A-1 through A-3. NAAQS Comparison The NAAQS for CO are 9 ppm during an 8-hour period and 35 ppm during a 1-hour period, and are not to be exceeded more than once per year. During the 12-month reporting period, no exceedances of the NAAQS for CO were recorded at the Port’s monitoring stations.

• Maximum 1-hour average CO concentrations were 3.1 and 2.4 ppm for the

Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 5.8 ppm at the Compton station as shown in Table 2. These are well below the 1-hour NAAQS of 35 ppm.

May 2014 17


• Maximum 8-hour average CO concentrations were 2.4 and 1.8 ppm for the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 3.5 ppm at the Compton station as shown in Table 2. Thus, there were no exceedances of the 8-hour NAAQS of 9 ppm.

Table 2. NAAQS Comparison - CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

and the Nearest SCAQMD station.

Averaging Time Period

CO Concentration (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park Compton NAAQS

1-hour 2013 3.1 2.4 5.8 35

8-hour 2013 2.4 1.8 3.5 9

CAAQS Comparison The CAAQS for CO are 9 ppm during an 8-hour period and 20 ppm over a 1-hour period, and are not to be exceeded. During the 12-month reporting period, no exceedances of the CAAQS for CO were recorded at the Port’s monitoring stations.

• Maximum 1-hour average CO concentrations were 3.1 and 2.4 ppm for the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 5.8 ppm at the Compton station as shown in Table 3. These are well below the 1-hour CAAQS of 20 ppm.

• Maximum 8-hour average CO concentrations were 2.4 and 1.8 ppm for the

Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 3.5 ppm at the Compton station. There were no exceedances of the 8-hour CAAQS of 9 ppm.

Table 3. CAAQS Comparison - CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


CO Concentration (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park Compton CAAQS

1-hour 2013 3.1 2.4 5.8 20

8-hour 2013 2.4 1.8 3.5 9

3.1.2 NO2 Data Summary

Figure A-4 shows the average monthly concentrations of NO2 over the period of record. The highlights of this graph are:

• Concentrations at the Superblock location are slightly higher than at the Gull

Park location, potentially due to increased industrial activity near the Superblock site and its location downwind of sources in the port complex.

May 2014 18


• The NO2 concentrations follow an annual cyclical pattern during the reporting period. Average monthly NO2 concentrations fall to a minimum level during the summer months and gradually increase into the winter. There are two possible explanations for this pattern:

o The lower concentrations in the summer may be due to the complex series of atmospheric chemical reactions that exist between NO2 and ground-level O3.

o The surface-based temperature inversions commonly present during the winter months may trap the NO2 closer to the ground, thereby increasing the ground level concentration of this pollutant.

NO2 averages are presented for the Port’s Superblock and Gull Park stations, and the SCAQMD’s Compton station in Tables A-5 through A-7. NAAQS Comparison The NAAQS for NO2 is an annual arithmetic mean of 0.053 ppm. In addition, effective January 22, 2010, EPA established a new 1-hour NAAQS for NO2 which is attained when the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average does not exceed 0.100 ppm. During the 12-month reporting period, the 1-hour NO2 NAAQS and annual arithmetic mean NAAQS were not exceeded at either the Superblock or Gull Park stations.

• In 2013, the 98th percentile of the maximum 1-hour NO2 concentrations was 0.097 ppm and 0.075 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.062 ppm for the nearest SCAQMD station in Compton. (Comparison of the annual NO2 data from the Port stations and additional SCAQMD stations is provided in Table A-5.)

• The latest 3-year (2011-2013) average of the 98th percentile NO2 value was 0.091 ppm and 0.076 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.059 ppm at the Compton station, as shown in Table 4. The 3-year average of the NO2 value at both POLB stations did not exceed the 1-hour NAAQS for NO2.

• The annual average NO2 concentrations in 2013 were 0.027 and 0.020 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.017 ppm at the Compton station. These concentrations are below the NO2 annual average NAAQS of 0.053 ppm.

May 2014 19


Table 4. NAAQS Comparison - NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


NO2 Concentration (ppm)


1-hour (98th percentile)

3-year Average (2011-2013) 0.091 0.076 0.059 0.100

Annual (Arithmetic

Mean)

Annual Average (2013) 0.027 0.020 0.017 0.053

CAAQS Comparison The CAAQS for NO2 is an annual arithmetic mean of 0.030 ppm. The 1-hour CAAQS is attained when the daily maximum 1-hour average does not exceed 0.180 ppm. Both are not to be exceeded. During the 12-month reporting period, there were no exceedances of the CAAQS for either the annual mean or 1-hour period.

• In 2013, the daily maximum 1-hour NO2 concentrations were 0.136 ppm and

0.093 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.070 ppm for the nearest SCAQMD station in Compton, as shown in Table 5. (Comparison of the NO2 data with data from additional SCAQMD stations is provided in Table A-5.) These concentrations were below the NO2 1-hour CAAQS of 0.180 ppm.

• The annual average NO2 concentrations in 2013 were 0.027 and 0.020 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively and 0.017 ppm at the Compton station. These concentrations are below the NO2 annual average CAAQS of 0.030 ppm.

Table 5. CAAQS Comparison - NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


NO2 Concentration (ppm)


1-hour 2013 0.136 0.093 0.070 0.180

Annual (Arithmetic

Mean)

Annual Average (2013) 0.027 0.020 0.017 0.030

3.1.3 O3 Data Summary

Figure A-5 shows the average monthly concentration of O3 over the period of record. Additionally, Figure 4 (shown in section 1.2) presents the average monthly concentrations of O3 during 2013 for the Port stations and several SCAQMD stations operated in the SoCAB.

May 2014 20


• The graphs show that O3 concentrations peak during the summer months at each station, because the photochemical reactions required to produce O3 are stronger during the summer (O3 is a secondary pollutant formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in the presence of sunlight).

• The graphs also illustrate that the average monthly O3 concentrations at the two Port stations are comparable to average O3 concentrations measured at the SoCAB station in Compton and the former North Long Beach station.

• Monthly average O3 concentrations measured at the Superblock station are generally lower than measurements at other nearby stations, including the Gull Park station, the Compton station, and the former North Long Beach station, despite the fact that the Superblock station is in a more industrial location with localized emission sources, such as heavy duty trucks. Both stations are exposed to similar regional levels of O3, but it is likely that the NOx emissions from the trucks around the Superblock station deplete the local ozone levels around that location through atmospheric chemical reactions.

O3 averages are presented for the Port’s Superblock and Gull Park stations, and the SCAQMD’s Compton station in Tables A-9 through A-11. NAAQS Comparison The 8-hour average O3 NAAQS is met when the fourth-highest 8-hour concentration in a year, averaged over three years, is equal to or less than 0.075 ppm. During the reporting period there were no exceedances for the O3 NAAQS. The following maximum O3 concentrations were observed:

• The average fourth-highest 8-hour O3 concentrations were 0.053 ppm and 0.055

ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.064 ppm at the Compton station.

• The latest 3-year (2011-2013) averages of the fourth-highest O3 value was 0.052 ppm and 0.056 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively, and 0.065 ppm at the Compton station, as shown in Table 6. The 3-year average of the O3 value at both POLB stations did not exceed the 8-hour NAAQS for O3.

Table 6. NAAQS Comparison – 3 Year Average of Fourth-highest 8-hour Average O3 concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


O3 Concentration (ppm)


8-hour 3-year Average (2011-2013) 0.052 0.056 0.065 0.075

CAAQS Comparison The CAAQS for O3 are 0.070 ppm during an 8-hour period and 0.090 ppm over a 1-hour period, and are not to be exceeded. During the reporting period, neither the Gull Park or Superblock station recorded exceedances of both the maximum 1-hour average CAAQS

May 2014 21


and maximum 8-hour CAAQS for O3. The following maximum O3 concentrations were observed:

• Table 7 shows maximum 1-hour average O3 concentrations of 0.081 and 0.079

ppm for the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively. By comparison, the maximum 1-hour average O3 concentration at the Compton SCAQMD monitoring station during 2013 was 0.090 ppm. The maximum 1-hour concentration at the Super Block and Gull Park stations did not exceed the O3 1-hour CAAQS of 0.090 ppm.

• In 2013, the maximum 8-hour average O3 values were 0.061 and 0.065 ppm at both the Superblock and Gull Park stations, and 0.080 ppm for the nearest SCAQMD station in Compton. (Comparison of O3 data with data from additional SCAQMD stations is provided in Table A-9.) The maximum 8-hour concentration at the Super Block and Gull Park stations did not exceed the O3 8-hour CAAQS of 0.070 ppm.

Table 7. CAAQS Comparison - Fourth-highest 8-hour Average O3 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


O3 Concentration (ppm)


1-hour 2013 0.081 0.079 0.090 0.090

8-hour 2013 0.061 0.065 0.080 0.070

3.1.4 SO2 Data Summary

Figure A-6 shows the average monthly concentration of SO2 over the period of record (monthly averages are used in the figure for clarity in showing long-term trends in the data, not because it is related to a standard). Figure A-6 shows that SO2 concentrations remained relatively constant over the period of record. SO2 averages are provided for the Port’s Superblock and Gull Park stations in Tables A-13 through A-17. The SCAQMD station at Compton does not measure SO2, so a representative comparison data with the Port data is not available. NAAQS Comparison Effective August 23, 2010, EPA established a 1-hour NAAQS for SO2 which is attained when the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour average does not exceed 0.075 ppm. The secondary NAAQS for SO2 is a 3-hour average and is attained if the second highest daily 3-hour maximum does not exceed 0.500 ppm. (Primary standards are designed to protect public health, while secondary standards are designed to protect public welfare, including protection against visibility impairment, damage to animals, crops, vegetation and buildings). During the reporting period, no exceedances of the NAAQS for SO2 were recorded at the Port’s monitoring stations.

• The latest 3-year (2011-2013) average of the 99th percentile SO2 1-hour concentrations was 0.017 ppm and 0.020 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park

May 2014 22


stations, respectively, as shown in Table 8. These are well below the new 1-hour NAAQS for SO2 of 0.075 ppm.

• The second highest 3-hour average SO2 concentrations in 2013 were 0.010 ppm and 0.022 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively. These concentrations are below the 3-hour average NAAQS for SO2 of 0.500 ppm.

Table 8. NAAQS Comparison – Three Year Average of the 99th Percentile 8-hour

Average and Second Highest 3-hour Average SO2 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


SO2 Concentration (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park NAAQS

1-hour daily max

3-year Average (2011-2013) 0.017 0.020 0.075

3-hour 2013 0.010 0.022 0.500

EPA revoked the 24-hour and annual average SO2 NAAQS, effective August 23, 2010. CAAQS Comparison The CAAQS for SO2 are 0.250 ppm over a 1-hour period and 0.040 ppm over a 24-hour period, and are not to be exceeded.

• In 2013, the maximum 1-hour SO2 concentrations were 0.036 ppm and 0.052 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively. These concentrations were below the SO2 1-hour CAAQS of 0.250 ppm.

• Table 9 shows the maximum 24-hour average SO2 concentrations were 0.006 ppm and 0.009 ppm at the Superblock and Gull Park stations, respectively. These concentrations are below the SO2 maximum 24-hour average CAAQS of 0.040 ppm.

Table 9. CAAQS Comparison – Highest 24-hour Average and Highest 1-hour

Average SO2 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


SO2 Concentration (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park CAAQS

1-hour 2013 0.036 0.052 0.250

24-hour 2013 0.006 0.009 0.040

May 2014 23


3.1.5 PM10 Data Summary

PM10 concentrations are measured by two monitoring techniques; traditional filter-based integrated monitors (FRMs, designed according to EPA specifications to determine compliance with standards) which collect samples over a 24-hour period, and real-time particulate monitors (beta attenuation monitors [BAMs]), which provide 1-hour averages to monitor shorter temporal variations. Figure A-7 presents a graph of monthly average PM10 concentrations from the FRM monitors over the entire period of record, averaged on a monthly basis to more clearly show month-to-month and yearly variations. Figure A-8 presents a similar graph of the real-time BAM PM10 concentrations, measured over the entire period of record. Because these two graphs present the PM10 data for the entire period of record since 2007, historical PM10 data from the particulate monitors at both the SCAQMD’s North Long Beach and South Long Beach stations are included for comparison. Both graphs show occasional spikes in PM10 concentrations during the period of record; two environmental conditions that have apparently caused these higher concentrations have been identified:

• In the fall of 2007 and 2008, there were wide-spread wildfires in southern California. These wildfires released very large amounts of PM (especially PM10) into the atmosphere, which temporarily raised the ambient PM10 levels measured in the Port’s networks. These incidents are shown by arrows in Figures A-7 and A-8.

• During some years, there are also spikes evident in Figures A-7 and A-8 at the end or beginning of the year (they are particularly evident in January), even when wildfires are not present. This period is typically the driest time of the year (just before the short Southern California rainy season), so that more fugitive dust is entrained in the atmosphere. In addition, this is the period when Santa Ana winds are most common, which are strong, extremely dry offshore winds that originate inland and blow large amounts of fugitive dust westward and out to the coastal areas.

These two conditions generally result in the highest PM10 levels, which typically occur during the fall and early winter of each year. Both graphs show that the PM10 concentrations at the Superblock station are higher than at the Gull Park station. This is primarily a reflection of the surrounding conditions at the two sites:

• The Superblock station is in a highly industrialized location, and there is an adjacent large container storage area and several smaller container distribution sites, all of which have considerable heavy diesel truck traffic throughout the day. In addition, a small alley/roadway used by a nearby trucking facility runs adjacent to the Superblock station. This roadway was previously unpaved leading to significant quantities of fugitive dust being entrained in the air when heavy-duty trucks used the road. The road was paved in mid October 2013 to help reduce the impacts to PM10 levels at the site. Also, construction started in September

May 2014 24


2013 on the Anaheim Street Improvement Project, located one block north of the Superblock station. This project includes repaving the street and other sidewalk, curb, and landscaping improvements on Anaheim Street from the Los Angeles River to 9th Street. This construction project serves as a temporary localized source contributing to ambient PM10 concentrations near the station. Construction is expected to be completed in Spring 2014. A discussion of the impacts from the construction project and the effects of the paved road will be discussed in the 2014 air monitoring summary report.

• The Gull Park station has no comparable nearby emission sources, although there may be some impact from Port terminals that are located within a few hundred yards, and at times ocean-going vessels transiting the Long Beach Channel pass fairly close to the station.

PM10 averages are provided for Superblock and Gull Park sites in Tables A-19 through A-22, and the SCAQMD’s nearest monitoring station at South Long Beach. NAAQS Comparison The 24-hour PM10 NAAQS is attained when the number of days per calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 µg/m3 is equal to or less than one. Thus, the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS allows for one exceedance of the standard per year. The annual average NAAQS for PM10 was revoked in 2006. The second-highest 24-hour average PM10 concentrations, which are compared to the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS of 150 µg/m3, are shown in Table 10. The NAAQS was not exceeded at the Superblock, Gull Park, or South Long Beach stations. Table 10. NAAQS Comparison – Second Highest 24-hour Average PM10

Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


PM10 Concentration (µg/m3)

Superblock Gull Park South Long Beach NAAQS

24-hour 2013 129 57 44 150

CAAQS Comparison The maximum 24-hour average CAAQS for PM10 is 50 µg/m3 and the annual average CAAQS is 20 µg/m3, which are not to be exceeded.

• Table 11 shows the annual average PM10 concentrations measured with the FRM monitors were above the annual CAAQS of 20 µg/m3 at both monitoring sites in 2013. This is consistent with data collected throughout the South Coast Air Basin, which is designated as nonattainment for both PM10 and PM2.5.

• During 2013, the more restrictive 24-hour PM10 CAAQS of 50 µg/m3 was exceeded at both the Super Block and Gull Park stations, as well as the nearest

May 2014 25


SCAQMD monitoring station at South Long Beach. There were 19 exceedances at the Super Block station, three exceedances at the Gull Park station, and one exceedance at the South Long Beach Station during 2013.

Table 11. CAAQS Comparison – Highest 24-hour and Annual Average PM10 Concentrations at the Port Stations and the Nearest SCAQMD Station.


PM10 Concentration (µg/m3)

Superblock Gull Park South Long Beach CAAQS

24-hour 2013 285 69 53 50

Annual 2013 53 27 27 20

3.1.6 PM2.5 Data Summary

PM2.5 concentrations in the network are also measured by two monitoring techniques, traditional filter-based integrated monitors (FRM monitors), and real-time particulate monitors (BAMs). Figure A-9 presents a graph of monthly-averaged PM2.5 concentrations from the filter-based data collected by the Superblock FRM monitor over the entire period of record, averaged on a monthly basis to more clearly show month-to-month and yearly variations. Figure A-10 presents a similar graph of the real-time BAM PM2.5 concentrations. Because these two graphs present the PM2.5 data for the entire period of record since 2007, historical PM2.5 data from the particulate monitors at both the SCAQMD’s North Long Beach and South Long Beach stations are included for comparison. At all of the stations, there is a general tendency throughout the period of record for the PM2.5 data to be at higher concentrations during fall/winter season, which was also seen in the PM10 data. Figure 5 (shown in section 1.2) presents average monthly concentrations of PM2.5 measured by the BAM monitors during 2013 for the Port stations and five SCAQMD stations operated in the SoCAB. The graph shows that monthly-averaged PM2.5 concentrations at the stations near the coast (Gull Park, Superblock, and the South Long Beach and North Long Beach SCAQMD stations) are typically lower than the SCAQMD inland stations at downtown Los Angeles and Burbank. The stations closest to the coast tend to have lower concentrations during the summer months and somewhat higher concentrations at the beginning and end of the year, which may be due to better dispersion of PM2.5 emissions during the summer. In addition, as indicated by arrows in Figures A-9 and A-10, higher levels of PM2.5 (as well as PM10) occur when there are wildfires, which typically produce large quantities of PM of all sizes.

• Real-time data show the same pattern as the filter-based data, with generally higher concentrations in winter months of the year.

• Both graphs show a high correlation between the PM2.5 concentrations at all four monitoring stations, indicating that regional influences have a strong influence on ambient levels of PM2.5 in the area. Figure A-10, which presents the PM2.5 data from the BAM monitors at each site, shows that measured PM2.5 concentrations at Superblock are typically higher than at the Gull Park station.

May 2014 26


This is likely a reflection of the greater industrial activity in the vicinity of the Superblock station, as discussed above for the PM10 results. These higher PM2.5 levels in the vicinity of Superblock would add to the background regional levels of PM2.5. PM2.5 averages are provided for the Port’s Superblock and Gull Park stations and the SCAQMD’s South Long Beach station in Tables A-24 through A-28. NAAQS Comparison

The annual NAAQS for PM2.5 is an arithmetic mean of 12 µg/m3. The 24-hour PM2.5 NAAQS is met when the 98th percentile of the daily average PM2.5 concentrations, averaged over three years, is equal to or less than 35 µg/m3.

• At Superblock, the annual average PM2.5 concentration measured by the FRM monitor in 2013 was 9.7 µg/m3 (Table 12), below the annual average NAAQS (12 µg/m3). There is no filter-based FRM monitor at the Gull Park station.

• The three-year average (2011-2013) of the 98th percentile for the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations at Superblock is 27.0 µg/m3, below the 24-hour average NAAQS.

Table 12. NAAQS Comparison –Three Year Average of 98th Percentile 24-hour and Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port Station and the Nearest SCAQMD Station


PM2.5 Concentration (µg/m3)

Superblock Gull Park1 South Long Beach NAAQS

24-hour 3-year

Average (2011-2013)

27.0 -- 25.2 35.0

Annual 2013 9.7 -- 11.0 12.0

1 The Gull Park station does not have a filter-based FRM PM2.5 monitor.

CAAQS Comparison The annual PM2.5 CAAQS is met when the annual average PM2.5 concentration are equal to or less than 12.0 µg/m3.

• At Superblock, the annual average PM2.5 concentration measured by the FRM monitor was 9.7 µg/m3 (Table 13). In 2012, the annual average PM2.5 concentration was below the annual average CAAQS (12 µg/m3).

May 2014 27


Table 13. CAAQS Comparison – Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port Station and the Nearest SCAQMD Station


PM2.5 Concentration (µg/m3)

Superblock Gull Park1 South Long Beach CAAQS

Annual 2013 9.7 -- 11.0 12.0

1 The Gull Park station does not have a filter-based FRM PM2.5 monitor.

3.2 Meteorological Data

The meteorological data collected at both monitoring stations are useful in interpreting the air quality data measured at each of the sites. Additionally, these data sets can be used in air dispersion modeling and other data analyses. Wind roses were created from meteorological data collected at each station for calendar year 2013 and are shown in Figures A-1 to A-2. Wind roses graphically show the distribution of winds at a site, including speed, direction and frequency. By convention, winds are shown in the direction from which they came; for example, a west wind blows from the west. The wind roses for each monitoring station were also projected onto the Port base map in Figure 7. These 2013 wind roses are similar to the historical record of wind roses at each of the two stations. The predominant wind pattern at each station is different, implying that the Port area experiences complex air flow patterns.

May 2014 28


Figure 7. 2013 Wind Roses for Port of Long Beach Air Quality Monitoring Program

The wind rose at the Gull Park station shows that the predominant winds are from the south-southwest and southwest directions, occurring almost one-third of the time. In contrast, winds at the Superblock station are more varied; they come from the south-southwest through southeast directions approximately 38 percent of the time, and from the west through north-northwest directions 28 percent of the time. Average wind

May 2014 29


speeds at the Gull Park and Superblock stations are 2.83 m/sec (6.3 mph) and 2.09 m/sec (4.7 mph), respectively.

3.3 PM Measurements during Unusual Events

The concentrations of PM at the Port’s monitoring sites can be influenced by sources near the Port, as well as by the regional air quality. At various times, it appears that PM10 measurements have been strongly affected by a number of conditions, either singly or in combination:

• Regional events, such as wildfires and Santa Ana conditions – typically, wildfires are more prevalent during the fall, while Santa Ana conditions can occur during fall and early winter.

• Meteorological conditions such as inversions are more common during the fall and winter. Inversions tend to minimize the dispersion of pollutants including PM10, which allow ambient concentrations to increase.

• Localized emission sources, such as diesel trucks operating near a distribution center that is close to the Superblock station. In mid-October, 2013, a road used by trucks near the Superblock station was paved to reduce fugitive emissions (primarily PM10 material) from these trucks, so peak measured levels of PM10 concentrations from these local sources may show decreases in future annual data summaries.

There were no significant wildfires in 2013 that strongly affected ambient air quality measurements at the Port. Peak PM10 measurements in 2013 may have been a result of any of the other conditions described above, or a combination of factors. The 2014 annual monitoring report will review PM10 measurements in detail, and will assess the effect of paving and construction activities in the vicinity of the Superblock station, as mentioned in Section 3.1.5, PM10 Data Summary.

3.4 Quality Assurance Procedures

Several quality assurance measures have been built into the monitoring program in order to ensure the integrity of the data. These QA measures include the following:

• All of the data are reviewed through a comprehensive quality assurance process by the Port’s technical consultants, to check for periods when the data are not valid (e.g., during instrument calibrations or when an instrument is out of service), to check for conditional flags put on the data by the data logging system, and to determine if the values being recorded are reasonable compared to other local monitoring programs (i.e., POLA, and SCAQMD North Long Beach). Data that have been determined to be invalid are removed from the data set.

• All continuous pollutant analyzers are calibrated daily to ensure that the instruments are collecting accurate data.

• To further ensure the validation of the collected results within the program, all of the analyzers are subjected to a biannual performance audit performed by an independent contractor.

May 2014 30


• Field blanks on all of the gravimetric samplers are periodically taken at each station to eliminate the systematic contamination of sampling filters.

• Monitoring checklists are routinely completed by field technicians during every station visit.

3.5 Data Recovery

Data recovery for all air quality and meteorological instruments was greater than 95 percent, with the exception of the Superblock PM10 BAM monitor, which had a data recovery of 93 percent. Data recovery rates are shown in tables located at the end of each pollutant’s section in Appendix A.

4 Trends Analysis With seven years of data, an analysis of the trends in the data was conducted. This analysis uses annual averages to assess the potential, general long-term trends in the data, even if there are no annual standards for that pollutant. A trend line was generated based on the combined data from the two POLB air monitoring stations (Superblock and Gull Park sites). Ambient air pollution levels in the vicinity of the San Pedro Bay Ports are influenced by a number of factors including local pollutant emissions, regional air pollution levels, and meteorology. Several important criteria air pollutants (i.e., ozone, PM2.5) are created (in whole or in part) by chemical reactions which occur after the release of emissions into the atmosphere. As such, concentrations from these pollutants are expected to be more regional. Others pollutants, like PM10, are more localized and directly influenced by nearby emissions sources. As discussed in the introduction, Port-related air pollutant emissions have declined in recent years.3 This decline was likely a result of a number of factors, including the successful implementation of control measures under the San Pedro Bay Ports Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP) and state regulations. Those measures have significantly reduced emissions rates from goods movement sources such as heavy duty trucks, ocean-going vessels, and cargo handling equipment. Between 2005 (the CAAP baseline year) and 2012, emissions associated with Port of Long Beach operations showed a 78 percent reduction in PM2.5, an 88 percent reduction in sulfur oxides (SOx) and a 54 percent reduction in NOx. Part of the decrease in Port-related emissions was due to a decline in goods movement activity at the San Pedro Bay ports in late-2008 through 2009. Previously, data from the SCAQMD station in North Long Beach were used for comparison with the Port stations, but operations at that station were shut down on September 27, 2013. The SCAQMD station at Compton, located 5.4 miles north-northwest of the North Long Beach station, measures the gaseous pollutants CO, NO2, and O3, so data from the Compton station was used to provide a 2013 comparison with the Port stations for the gaseous pollutants. The SCAQMD station at South Long Beach, located 2.3 miles south-southeast of the North Long Beach station, measures PM10 and PM2.5, so data from the South Long Beach station were used to provide a

3 Port of Long Beach Air Emissions Inventory – 2012. Starcrest Consulting Group LLC. (http://www.polb.com), July 2013.

May 2014 31

http://www.polb.com/


2013 comparison with the Port stations for the PM pollutants (the South Long Beach station does not monitor for gaseous pollutants). Meteorology can also have a significant influence on regional air pollution levels from one year to the next. So while CAAP measures have improved air emission levels, it is not presently known how much of any decrease in ambient air pollutant concentrations measured at the Port air monitoring stations can be directly attributed to the Port’s goods movement-focused measures under the CAAP.

May 2014 32


4.1 Trends in Gaseous Criteria Pollutants

4.1.1 CO Concentrations

Figure 8 illustrates annual average CO concentrations at the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network over the seven-year period of record. As discussed above, comparable data from the North Long Beach and Compton SCAQMD stations have been added to Figure 8, provide a perspective on the Port data. Figure 8 shows that annual average CO concentrations at both stations are less than 1.0 ppm for the period of record. The trend line for the Superblock and Gull Park stations is flat; although there are changes in the year-to-year averages, there appears to be no general trend evident in the data at any of the sites. It should be noted that these measurements are quite low and near the precision limits of the instrument, such that the year-to-year differences in low CO concentrations are not particularly useful in discerning trends in the data. Figure A-3 shows the average monthly concentration of CO over the seven-year period of record. Figure 8. Annual Average CO Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al C

O C

once

ntra

tion

(ppm

)

Year

SuperblockGull ParkNorth Long BeachComptonTrendline

May 2014 33


4.1.2 NO2 Concentrations

Figure 9 presents the annual average NO2 concentrations for the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network, over the seven-year period of record, along with comparable data from the North Long Beach and Compton SCAQMD stations. Figure 9 illustrates that average annual NO2 concentrations at both stations are well below the annual NO2 NAAQS and slightly below the annual NO2 CAAQS. Over the period of record, the overall trend line for the annual average NO2 concentrations at the Superblock station shows a moderate decrease from 2007 to 2010; however, during the past three years annual NO2 concentrations appear to have stabilized. There is heavy industrial activity near the Superblock station, which is probably the reason that average annual NO2 concentrations at that site have been consistently higher than the other stations. Figure 9. Annual Average NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

* Annual Average NAAQS for NO2 is 0.053 ppm; Annual Average CAAQS for NO2 is 0.030 ppm.

Figure A-4 shows the average monthly concentration of NO2 over the seven-year period of record at the stations. The figure shows a consistent pattern at each station, in which there are higher NO2 concentrations in the fall/early winter period and low concentrations during the summer period. This is probably a result of two factors: 1) enhanced photochemical production during the summer, in which NOx emissions and volatile hydrocarbons emissions in the presence of sunlight produce O3, thereby reducing ambient NO2 levels during the warmer months, combined with 2) lower dispersion of NOx emissions during the late fall/early winter period, thereby resulting in higher ambient NO2 levels during the winter period.

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al N

O2

Conc

entr

atio

n (p

pm)

Year

SuperblockGull ParkNorth Long BeachComptonAnnual CAAQSAnnual NAAQSTrendline

May 2014 34


4.1.3 O3 Concentrations

Figure 10 presents the annual average O3 concentrations at the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network, along with comparable data from the North Long Beach and Compton SCAQMD stations. Over the seven-year period of record, annual average O3 concentrations at both stations are less than 0.030 ppm. The measured annual average ambient O3 concentrations at each station show a slight trend upward during the period of record, especially from the first two years of monitoring at Superblock. However, over the last three years, there has been no clear trend in average O3 concentrations at the two Port stations. Over the last four years the SCAQMD stations appear to show a moderate trend of increasing annual average O3 concentrations. O3 is a secondary pollutant, which takes several hours to form from volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, in the presence of sunlight. Therefore, ozone concentrations are more reflective of regional air quality pollutant levels in the SoCAB rather than of localized emission sources. Figure A-5 shows the average monthly concentration of O3 over the seven-year period of record. Figure 10. Annual Average O3 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al O

3Co

ncen

trat

ion

(ppm

)

Year

SuperblockGull ParkNorth Long BeachComptonTrendline

May 2014 35


4.1.4 SO2 Concentrations

Figure 11 presents annual average SO2 concentrations at the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network, over the seven-year period of record. Annual average SO2 concentrations at both stations are less than 0.010 ppm for the period of record. The data from the recently shut down SCAQMD station at North Long Beach are included in Figure 11, but the SCAQMD station at Compton does not monitor for SO2, and thus could not be added to the figure. There has been a downward trend in the annual average SO2 concentrations at both the Port stations and the SCAQMD station at North Long Beach, particularly during the first few years of the period of record. However, these annual average values are near the precision limits of the instrument, so differences in these year-to-year concentrations are not particularly telling with respect to year-over-year trend analysis. Figure A-6 shows the average monthly concentration of SO2 over the seven-year period of record. Figure 11. Annual Average SO2 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations

4.2 Trends in PM10 and PM2.5 Data

Seven years of PM10 and PM2.5 data are now available from the Port’s monitoring stations, which can be used in an initial analysis of trends in the PM data within the network. This section analyzes trends in annual average and maximum daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations collected by the FRM monitors at the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network over the period of record.

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al S

O2

Conc

entr

atio

n (p

pm)

Year

SuperblockGull ParkNorth Long BeachAnnual NAAQSTrendline

May 2014 36


Trends in PM10 Concentrations

Figure 12 presents annually-averaged PM10 concentrations at the two stations in the Port’s air monitoring network, over the seven-year period of record. There is a marked difference in the overall trend of annually-averaged PM10 concentrations at the Superblock station versus the Gull Park and North Long Beach sites:

• There is no general long-term pattern evident in the annually-averaged PM10 concentrations at the Superblock station, because there was a moderate decrease in annually-averaged PM10 concentrations from 2007 to 2010, followed by an increase during the last three years (2011 through 2013).

• In contrast, the Gull Park, North Long Beach, and South Long Beach monitoring stations started from lower annual average PM10 concentrations compared to the Superblock station, and there was a relatively steady downward trend from 2007 to 2010 followed by a relatively flat trend during the last three years (2011 through 2013).

Figure 12. Annual Average PM10 Concentrations Measured at the Port Stations by FRM Monitors.

* Annual Average CAAQS for PM10 is 20 µg/m3

** Graph will be updated once 2013 South Long Beach data is made available by CARB.

In the absence of large regional events such as wildfires or Santa Ana winds, PM10 concentrations are primarily influenced by localized sources, such as fugitive emissions

0

20

40

60

80

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al P

M10

Conc

entr

atio

n (µ

g/m

3 )

Year

Superblock FRMGull Park FRMNorth Long Beach FRMSouth Long Beach FRMAnnual CAAQSTrendline

May 2014 37


from construction activities, wind erosion and re-suspension of road dust by vehicle traffic. The recent increases in annual average PM10 concentrations at the Superblock station over this time period are likely a result of increased heavy industrial activity and truck traffic near that station. It may be that the initial trend of lower annual average PM10 concentrations that were observed at the Super Block station during the 2007 - 2010 period may have been due to lower localized industrial activity during the recent recession. Figure 12 illustrates that the PM10 annually-averaged concentrations at the Gull Park station are consistently lower than at the Superblock station. The Gull Park station is located at the end of the Navy Mole, a narrow peninsula of land surrounded by water. With minimal industrial activity in the immediate vicinity of this site, its exposure to fugitive emissions from localized wind erosion or re-suspension of fugitive dust should be minimal, so lower PM10 concentrations compared to the Superblock site are not unexpected. Figure 13 presents the second highest 24-hour PM10 FRM concentrations at Gull Park and Superblock, in comparison to the 24-hour PM10 NAAQS. Figure 13. Second Highest 24-hour Average PM10 Concentrations Measured at

the Port Stations by FRM Monitors.

* Maximum 24-hour Average NAAQS for PM10 is 150 µg/m3

The second highest 24-hour PM10 concentration at each station tends to show higher year-to-year variability than the annually-averaged PM10 concentrations. This is likely because they result from the two highest measurements during the year rather than a

0

50

100

150

200

250

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Seco

nd H

ighe

st A

nnua

l 24-

hr A

vera

ge P

M10

Conc

. (µg

/m3 )

Year

Superblock FRMGull Park FRMNorth Long Beach FRMSouth Long Beach FRM24-Hour NAAQSTrendline

May 2014 38


yearly average. Nevertheless, the same trend observed in the annually-averaged PM10 also appears to be present in the maximum 24-hour PM10 concentrations. A downward trend is observed from 2007 to 2010 at both sites, followed by higher 2011-2013 concentrations at Superblock with steady 2011-2013 concentrations Gull Park. In 2013, the second highest value at Superblock did not exceed the NAAQS as it did in 2012. At the Superblock site, heavy traffic and industrial activity combined with high winds, likely result in observed elevated PM10 levels. Because worst-case conditions vary from year-to-year, the resulting PM10 concentrations at Superblock show significant variability. With no localized sources of PM10 emissions at Gull Park, significantly less year-to-year variability is observed. Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations Figure 14 illustrates annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations from 2007 to 2013 at the Superblock, SCAQMD North Long Beach and South Long Beach stations. Figure 14. Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations Measured at the Superblock

Station by the FRM Monitor.

* Annual Average NAAQS and CAAQS for PM2.5 are both 12 µg/m3. ** There is no filter-based PM2.5 monitor at the Gull Park station. *** 2007 PM2.5 data was collected by a Sequential Filter Sampler filter-based monitor, which is similar to an FRM monitor; data sets for all other years have been were collected by FRM filter-based monitors.

0

5

10

15

20

25

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Aver

age

Annu

al P

M2.

5Co

ncen

trat

ion

(µg/

m3 )

Year

Superblock FRM

North Long Beach FRM

South Long Beach FRM

Annual NAAQS & CAAQS

Trendline

May 2014 39


Based on filter-based PM2.5 data measured at Super Block with the FRM monitor (no filter-based FRM PM2.5 monitor is deployed at Gull Park), annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations have decreased by 33 percent from 2007 to 2013. This is consistent with the trends observed at the SCAQMD stations. During the last five monitoring years, annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations at Super Block have been below the NAAQS and CAAQS (12 µg/m3). Over the past seven years, the trend in annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations at the more industrial Superblock site has shown a more consistent decrease than the comparative trend in PM10 levels. While localized sources seem to have influenced PM10 levels to the upside, there is no evident reversal in the downward trend in annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations during the past three years. While PM10 concentrations are largely due to localized fugitive emissions, PM2.5 concentrations are influenced both by local emissions and regional combustion sources. The reduction in Port operations resulting from the economic recession, and the emission control measures adopted through the Clean Air Action Plan, have targeted emissions primarily from mobile combustion sources (which are largely responsible for PM2.5 emissions), rather than from fugitive dust sources (PM10). Consequently, the CAAP measures appear to have had a greater effect on PM2.5 concentrations than PM10 concentrations, as shown by the more consistent and larger decrease in annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations.

May 2014 40


Figure 15 presents the 98th percentile of the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration during the 2007-2013 period of record at the Superblock station (the 98th percentile values are presented to be consistent with the NAAQS standard). From 2007 to 2013, the decrease in the 98th percentile of the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations was nearly 38 percent (based on data from the FRM monitor) which is evident in the trendline shown in Figure 15. The decrease in 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations was similar but slightly greater than the decrease in annual average PM2.5 concentrations (decreases of 38 and 33 percent, respectively). The 98th percentile of the 24-hour average concentration should generally be more variable than the annual average, because it is more sensitive to the highest PM2.5 concentrations measured during a year. Because these two measures of the data set showed relatively consistent decreases, this supports the conclusion that PM2.5 concentrations have been reduced over the period of record. Figure 15. 98th Percentile of the 24-hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations

Measured at the Superblock Station by the FRM Monitor.

* Maximum 24-hour Average NAAQS for PM2.5 is 35 µg/m3

Figures A-7 through A-10 present monthly-averaged concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 over the seven-year period of record, which shows the pattern within a year, as well as the year-to-year variability. The Superblock and Gull Park monitoring stations follow a similar trend in PM2.5 concentrations throughout the year - there are generally lower PM2.5 concentrations during the middle of the year, with concentrations beginning to increase in September and peaking in the late fall/early winter period. This may be due to better dispersion of PM2.5 emissions during the summer months.

0

15

30

45

60

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Max

imum

Ann

ual 2

4-ho

ur A

vera

ge P

M2.

5Co

nc. (

µg/m

3 )

Year

Superblock FRM



24-Hour NAAQS

Trendline

May 2014 41


5 Conclusions This report presents a summary of the data collected during the twelve months of the Port’s air quality monitoring program in the calendar year 2013. In addition, the data collected over the seven-year period of record (2007-2013) were reviewed to evaluate general trends in the data. During the calendar year 2013 reporting period, only the annual and 24-hour PM10 CAAQS were exceeded by the filter-based PM monitors at both Port stations. No other exceedances of a NAAQS or CAAQS were observed. These results are consistent with concentrations measured at other SoCAB monitoring stations.

Trend analysis over the seven-year period of record shows that for annually-averaged concentrations at both stations, NO2 and SO2 concentrations decreased, O3 concentrations increased slightly, and there was no trend evident in the CO concentrations. PM10 levels at both the Superblock and Gull Park stations decreased from 2007 to 2010. However, from 2011 to 2013, PM10 concentrations at the Gull Park station were relatively constant, while there was an increase at Superblock. The recent increase in PM10 levels at the Superblock station is presumably due to increased localized industrial activity in the vicinity of the station, which tends to lead to increased fugitive dust levels. There has been a trend of decreases in annual average PM2.5 concentrations from 2007 to 2013 at the Superblock station (filter-based measurements of PM2.5 are not collected at Gull Park). There has also been a trend of decreases in the second-highest 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations over the 2007 to 2013 period, which is a much more sensitive indicator of the highest year-to-year measurements. Both the annual average and second-highest PM2.5 concentrations have decreased by approximately one-third over the period of record. While PM10 concentrations are largely a result of localized fugitive emissions, PM2.5 concentrations are influenced both by local emissions and regional combustion sources, such as diesel and gasoline engines, cooking, fireplaces, etc., as well as the secondary formation of PM2.5 particles from gaseous emissions pollutants such as SOx and NOx. The reduction in Port operations resulting from the economic recession, and the emission control measures adopted through the Clean Air Action Plan, have targeted emissions primarily from mobile combustion sources (which are largely responsible for PM2.5 emissions), rather than from fugitive dust sources (PM10). Consequently, the CAAP measures appear to have had a greater effect on PM2.5 concentrations than PM10 concentrations, as shown by a more consistent and larger decrease in annually-averaged PM2.5 concentrations. Data recovery has been very high during this program, and the data are available for review on a real-time basis at the Clean Air Action Plan website: http://www.cleanairactionplan.org.

May 2014 42



6 References Port of Long Beach. 2010a. Port of Long Beach Air Quality Monitoring Plan. April 2010 Update. _____. 2010b. Port of Long Beach Quality Assurance Plan for the Air Quality Monitoring Program. April 2010 Update _____. 2008. Port of Long Beach Air Quality Monitoring Program Work Plan. _____. 2013. Port of Long Beach Air Emissions Inventory – 2012 South Coast Air Quality Management District. 2013. Proposal for Exclusion of PM2.5 Continuous Federal Equivalent Method Data from Comparison to National Ambient Air Quality Standard, Agenda Item No. 32, SCAQMD Board Meeting on June 7, 2013. http://www.aqmd.gov/hb/attachments/2011-2015/2013Jun/2013-Jun7-032.pdf U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004. Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume I. EPA/600/P-99/002aF, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC.

May 2014 43

http://www.aqmd.gov/hb/attachments/2011-2015/2013Jun/2013-Jun7-032.pdf

APPENDIX A

POLB Air Quality Monitoring Program Annual Report for 2013

Figures and Tables

Figure A-1: Gull Park Wind Rose for the Port of Long Beach Monitoring Program (2013)

NORTH

SOUTH

WEST EAST4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

WIND SPEED (m/s)

>= 11.1 8.8 - 11.1 5.7 - 8.8 3.6 - 5.7 2.1 - 3.6 0.5 - 2.1

Calms: 3.06%

Figure A-2: Superblock Wind Rose for the Port of Long Beach Monitoring Program (2013)

NORTH

SOUTH

WEST EAST4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

WIND SPEED (m/s)

>= 11.1 8.8 - 11.1 5.7 - 8.8 3.6 - 5.7 2.1 - 3.6 0.5 - 2.1

Calms: 4.14%

0

2

4

6

8

10

Aver

age

Mon

thly

CO

Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pm)

Month

Figure A-3: Average Monthly CO Concentrations at the Port of Long Beach and Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 - December 2013

Super Block

Gull Park

North Long Beach

Compton

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

Average Mon

thly NO2Co

ncen

tration (ppm

)

Month

Figure A‐4: Average Monthly NO2 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beachand Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 ‐ December 2013

Super Block

Gull Park

North Long Beach

Compton

Annual CAAQS (1)

Annual NAAQS (1)

(1) National and State air quality standards shown in the figure are annual average standards, and should not be compared directly with the monitoring data, which are presented as monthly averages.

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

Average Mon

thly O

3Co

ncen

tration (ppm

)

Month

Figure A‐5: Average Monthly O3 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beachand Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 ‐ December 2013

Super Block

Gull Park

North Long Beach

Compton

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

Aver

age

Mon

thly

SO

2 Con

cent

ratio

n (p

pm)

Month

Figure A-6: Average Monthly SO2 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beach and Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 - December 2013

Super Block

Gull Park

North Long Beach

0

40

80

120

160

200

Average Mon

thly PM

10Co

ncen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Month

Figure A‐7: Average Monthly FRM PM10 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beachand Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 ‐ December 2013

Super Block ‐ FRM

Gull Park ‐ FRM

North Long Beach

South Long Beach

Annual CAAQS (1)

(1) State air quality standard shown in the figure is an annual average standard, and should not be compared directly with the monitoring data, which are presented as monthly averages.

Fall 2007 Southern California Wildfires Fall 2008 Southern

Califonia Wildfires

0

40

80

120

160

200

Average Mon

thly PM

10Co

ncen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Month

Figure A‐8: Average Monthly BAM PM10 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beachand Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 ‐ December 2013

Super Block ‐ BAM

Gull Park ‐ BAM

North Long Beach ‐ BAM

Los Angeles‐North Main Street ‐ BAM

Anaheim‐Pampas Lane ‐ BAM

CAAQS

(1) State air quality standard shown in the figure is an annual average standard, and should not be compared directly with the monitoring data, which are presented as monthly averages.

Fall 2007 Southern California Wildfires Fall 2008 Southern

Califonia Wildfires

0

12

24

36

48

60

Average Mon

thly PM

2.5Co

ncen

tration (µg/m

3 )

Month

Figure A‐9: Average Monthly FRM PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beachand Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 ‐ December 2013

Super Block ‐ FRM

North Long Beach

South Long Beach

NAAQS and CAAQS (1)

(1) National and State air quality standard shown in the figure is an annual average standard, and should not be compared directly with the monitoring data, which are presented as monthly averages.

Fall 2007 Southern California Wildfires

Fall 2008 Southern Califonia Wildfires

0

12

24

36

48

60

Aver

age

Mon

thly

PM

2.5 C

once

ntra

tion

(µg/

m3 )

Month

Figure A-10: Average Monthly BAM PM2.5 Concentrations at the Port of Long Beach and Surrounding AQMD Monitoring Stations, January 2007 - December 2013

Super Block - BAM

Gull Park - BAM

North Long Beach - BAM

South Long Beach - BAM

NAAQS and CAAQS (1)

(1) National and State air quality standard shown in the figure is an annual average standard, and should not be compared directly with the monitoring data, which are presented as monthly averages.

Fall 2007 Southern California Wildfires

Fall 2008 Southern Califonia Wildfires

Table A-1. Maximum 1-Hr CO Concentrations (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach Compton NAAQS 1-hour CAAQS 1-hour 2007 4.7 2.8 3.3 N/A2 35.0 20.0

2008 4.4 7.6 19.3 N/A2 35.0 20.0

2009 4.7 3.3 3.1 6.5 35.0 20.0

2010 4.4 2.7 4.0 6.0 35.0 20.0

2011 4.1 3.2 3.2 6.0 35.0 20.0

2012 3.8 2.7 3.7 5.2 35.0 20.0

2013 3.1 2.4 N/A1 5.8 35.0 20.0

(1) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 9/27/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.(2) Compton station started reporting data in 2009.

Table A-2. Maximum 8-Hr CO Concentrations (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach Compton NAAQS 8-hour CAAQS 8-hour 2007 3.4 2.3 3.3 N/A2 9.0 9.0

2008 3.4 2.4 5.8 N/A2 9.0 9.0

2009 3.3 2.4 2.2 4.0 9.0 9.0

2010 2.6 2.1 2.1 3.6 9.0 9.0

2011 3.4 2.7 2.3 3.8 9.0 9.0

2012 2.8 2.2 2.2 3.8 9.0 9.0

2013 2.4 1.8 N/A1 3.5 9.0 9.0


Table A-3. Annual Average CO Concentrations (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach Compton2007 0.6 0.4 0.6 N/A3

2008 0.6 0.5 0.5 N/A3

2009 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6

2010 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7

2011 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5

2012 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

2013 0.6 0.4 N/A2 0.5

% Change1 -3.6% -3.4% N/A2 -9.0%

(1) Percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2007 annual average.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.(3) Compton station started reporting data in 2009, thus percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2009 annual average.

Table A-4. CO Data Recovery (1-Hr Data)

Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach3 Compton8,307 8,211 5,414 8,080

8,395 8,395 8,760 8,760

99.0% 97.8% 61.8% 92.2%

(1) Valid hourly averages are the total number of valid data points collected during 2013 at each station.(2) Total available hours are the number of hr/yr minus the hours used for instrument calibration.(3) The North Long Beach station stopped operations on 10/4/2013.

Year

Year

CO Concentrations (ppm)



Total Valid Hourly Averages1

Total Available Hours2

% Data Recovery

Year

Table A-5. Daily Maximum 1-Hr Average NO2 Concentrations (ppm) During 2013

Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc.

01/231 0.136 01/031 0.093 12/171 0.072 03/141 0.090 12/101 0.163 10/181 0.070

01/22 0.129 01/23 0.089 11/12 0.071 11/12 0.083 11/12 0.082 12/17 0.067

01/24 0.123 11/27 0.087 11/11 0.071 05/13 0.081 12/27 0.066 11/12 0.067

11/27 0.111 11/26 0.082 05/03 0.063 09/05 0.069 11/13 0.065 01/09 0.066

01/18 0.100 12/11 0.079 11/01 0.062 05/02 0.064 01/22 0.065 10/19 0.064

01/17 0.100 01/18 0.079 12/30 0.060 05/03 0.063 01/18 0.059 01/23 0.063

11/26 0.098 03/04 0.076 12/27 0.060 09/06 0.062 12/16 0.059 12/31 0.062

01/152 0.097 10/282 0.075 11/142 0.060 03/122 0.062 11/142 0.058 10/172 0.06203/02 0.095 03/02 0.074 12/31 0.059 03/01 0.061 12/23 0.056 10/05 0.062

03/03 0.093 01/17 0.073 01/17 0.059 12/31 0.061 11/01 0.056 03/12 0.060

05/08 0.091 12/17 0.072 12/16 0.058 11/13 0.059 03/02 0.056 10/16 0.060

01/16 0.091 11/19 0.071 11/13 0.058 03/15 0.059 03/01 0.056 10/07 0.060

11/28 0.089 10/27 0.071 12/26 0.056 12/30 0.058 12/11 0.055 09/24 0.059

03/04 0.088 03/03 0.071 12/12 0.056 12/26 0.057 12/17 0.054 11/27 0.058

12/11 0.086 02/03 0.071 11/08 0.056 11/01 0.057 10/18 0.054 11/13 0.058

10/28 0.084 02/01 0.071 11/09 0.055 03/11 0.057 02/14 0.053 01/17 0.057

02/17 0.083 01/22 0.070 11/07 0.055 03/02 0.057 12/26 0.053 01/19 0.056

12/20 0.080 11/28 0.069 10/31 0.055 10/26 0.055 10/15 0.052 02/15 0.056

(1) This value represents the maximum 1-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the California 1-hr NO2 standard (0.18 ppm).(2) This daily maximum 1-hour value represents the 98th percentile for 2013. This value is used to calculate the 3-year average to determine attainment with the 1-hour NO2 standard (0.100 ppm).

Table A-6. 98th Percentile of the Daily Maximum 1-Hr Average NO2 Concentrations (ppm)

Year Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach Compton NAAQS

3-year 2011 0.089 0.076 0.070 0.061 --

2012 0.088 0.077 0.062 0.055 --

2013 0.097 0.075 N/A2 0.062 --

Average1 0.091 0.076 N/A2 0.059 0.100

(1) This is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour NO2 concentration to determine attainment with the 1-hour NO2 standard.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.

Compton‐700 North Bullis Road Burbank‐W Palm Avenue Anaheim‐Pampas Lane Super Block Gull Park

Los Angeles‐North Main Street

Table A-7. Annual Average NO2 Concentrations (ppm)


Annual CAAQSAnnual

2007 0.030 0.020 0.020 N/A3 0.053 0.03

2008 0.029 0.018 0.021 N/A3 0.053 0.03

2009 0.025 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.053 0.03

2010 0.025 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.053 0.03

2011 0.025 0.020 0.020 0.019 0.053 0.03

2012 0.023 0.019 0.018 0.017 0.053 0.03

2013 0.027 0.020 N/A2 0.017 0.053 0.03

% Change1 -10.0% 1.4% N/A2 -19.1% -- --

(1) Percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2007 annual average.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.(3) Compton station started reporting data in 2009, thus percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2009 annual average.

Table A-8. NO2 Data Recovery (1-Hr Data Points)

Superblock Gull ParkNorth Long

Beach3 Compton

8,315 8,216 4,206 8,098

8,395 8,395 8,760 8,760

99.0% 97.9% 48.0% 92.4%




% Data Recovery

Table A-9. Daily Maximum 8-Hr Average O3 Concentrations (ppm) During 2013

Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc.05/031 0.061 05/031 0.065 06/291 0.083 05/031 0.070 05/031 0.071 05/031 0.08005/12 0.060 05/12 0.058 09/15 0.082 09/15 0.062 03/24 0.066 06/01 0.066

06/29 0.054 10/19 0.056 08/16 0.082 05/12 0.062 05/02 0.065 05/12 0.065

05/042 0.053 06/012 0.055 05/122 0.082 10/062 0.061 06/292 0.063 06/292 0.06410/06 0.052 05/04 0.055 05/03 0.080 08/15 0.060 06/01 0.063 03/24 0.064

06/01 0.051 03/24 0.054 08/14 0.079 08/14 0.060 04/20 0.062 05/04 0.059

10/19 0.050 05/11 0.053 09/14 0.077 09/29 0.059 09/15 0.061 04/20 0.059

09/28 0.049 03/17 0.053 03/24 0.077 09/07 0.059 09/06 0.061 05/13 0.058

05/11 0.049 06/02 0.052 08/15 0.076 06/29 0.059 10/06 0.060 04/28 0.058

03/24 0.049 03/23 0.052 07/14 0.074 08/16 0.058 08/25 0.060 04/19 0.057

09/21 0.048 03/26 0.050 08/25 0.073 08/03 0.058 09/07 0.059 04/21 0.056

06/02 0.048 03/25 0.050 08/04 0.073 09/21 0.057 06/16 0.059 03/23 0.056

05/05 0.047 03/18 0.050 05/11 0.073 08/25 0.057 03/23 0.058 10/06 0.055

03/17 0.047 10/23 0.049 05/02 0.073 03/24 0.057 03/17 0.057 05/11 0.055

08/04 0.046 09/28 0.049 04/21 0.073 05/02 0.056 09/14 0.056 06/16 0.054

03/23 0.046 09/21 0.049 09/08 0.072 09/23 0.055 08/04 0.056 03/17 0.054

09/14 0.045 09/20 0.049 08/03 0.072 08/13 0.055 05/04 0.056 10/19 0.053

06/15 0.045 05/05 0.049 08/13 0.070 08/04 0.055 03/26 0.056 09/21 0.053

(1) This value represents the maximum 8-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the California 8-hr O3 standard (0.07 ppm).(2) This daily max value represents the 99th percentile daily maximum 8-hr average during 2013. This value will is used to calculate the 3-year average to determine attainment with the National 8-hour O3 standard (0.075 ppm).

Los Angeles‐North Main Street

Compton‐700 North Bullis Road Super Block Burbank‐W Palm Avenue Anaheim‐Pampas Lane Gull Park

Table A-10. Fourth Highest 8-Hr O3 Concentrations (ppm) Table A-12. O3 Data Recovery (1-Hr Data Points)


8-Hr Superblock Gull ParkNorth Long

Beach3 Compton

2011 0.053 0.058 0.060 0.063 -- 8,323 8,203 5,390 7,928

2012 0.050 0.055 0.061 0.068 -- 8,395 8,395 8,760 8,760

2013 0.053 0.055 N/A2 0.064 -- 99.1% 97.7% 61.5% 90.5%

Average1 0.052 0.056 N/A2 0.065 0.075 (1) Valid hourly averages are the total number of valid data points collected during 2013 at each station.

(1) This is the 3-year average of the 99th percentile daily maximum 8-hour O3 (2) Total available hours are the number of hr/yr minus the hours used for instrument calibration. concentration to determine attainment with the 8-hour O3 standard. (3) The North Long Beach station stopped operations on 10/4/2013.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.

Table A-11. Maximum 1-Hr O3 Concentrations (ppm)

Year Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach Compton CAAQS

1-Hr 2007 0.093 0.100 0.099 N/A2 0.090

2008 0.091 0.091 0.093 N/A2 0.090

2009 0.069 0.072 0.089 0.104 0.090

2010 0.089 0.094 0.101 0.082 0.090

2011 0.065 0.081 0.074 0.082 0.090

2012 0.069 0.076 0.084 0.087 0.090

2013 0.081 0.079 N/A1 0.090 0.090




% Data Recovery

Table A-13. Highest Daily Maximum 1-Hr SO2 Concentrations (ppm) During 2013

Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc.

09/231 0.036 08/021 0.052 12/311 0.014 07/161 0.038

05/09 0.020 05/23 0.047 07/08 0.012 10/29 0.023

05/03 0.014 05/31 0.031 01/08 0.011 09/13 0.015

09/202 0.014 05/032 0.027 07/162 0.011 12/242 0.01408/29 0.013 09/14 0.023 07/07 0.011 08/07 0.013

01/10 0.013 06/21 0.022 10/15 0.010 08/27 0.012

09/29 0.013 09/23 0.022 09/17 0.010 09/24 0.012

02/28 0.013 07/27 0.021 11/19 0.009 12/31 0.012

05/02 0.012 12/29 0.020 07/23 0.009 09/03 0.011

12/14 0.011 08/09 0.019 10/22 0.009 08/13 0.011

09/24 0.011 08/08 0.019 09/10 0.009 11/12 0.011

02/25 0.011 04/26 0.019 11/26 0.008 07/14 0.011

12/02 0.010 10/24 0.018 07/30 0.008 12/10 0.010

08/23 0.010 07/03 0.018 09/24 0.008 07/15 0.010

11/12 0.010 06/20 0.018 12/03 0.007 10/22 0.010

11/11 0.010 12/27 0.018 08/13 0.007 10/15 0.010

04/19 0.010 06/07 0.018 07/10 0.007 10/01 0.010

04/19 0.010 07/26 0.017 10/01 0.007 08/20 0.009

(1) This value represents the maximum 1-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the California 1-hr SO2 standard (0.25 ppm).(2) This daily max value represents the 99th percentile for daily maximum 1-hr SO2 concentrations in 2013. A three-year average of this value can be compared with the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS (0.075 ppm) to determine compliance.

Table A-14. 99th Percentile of the Daily Maximum 1-Hr Average SO2 Concentrations (ppm)

Year Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach

NAAQS3-year

2011 0.022 0.016 0.011 --

2012 0.016 0.017 0.013 --

2013 0.014 0.027 N/A2 --

Average1 0.017 0.020 N/A2 0.075

(1) This is the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of the daily maximum 1-hour SO2 concentration to determine attainment with the 1-hour SO2 standard.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.

Table A-15. Maximum 24-Hr SO2 Concentrations (ppm)

Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach

CAAQS24-hour

2007 0.022 0.012 0.009 0.040

2008 0.021 0.019 0.010 0.040

2009 0.013 0.012 0.004 0.040

2010 0.009 0.012 0.007 0.040

2011 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.040

2012 0.005 0.006 0.003 0.040

2013 0.006 0.009 0.003 0.040

Costa Mesa-Mesa Verde Drive Super Block

YearSO2 Concentrations (ppm)

Gull Park Burbank-W Palm Avenue

Table A-16. Annual Average SO2 Concentrations (ppm)

Year Superblock Gull Park North Long Beach

NAAQSAnnual

2007 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.030

2008 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.030

2009 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.030

2010 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.030

2011 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.030

2012 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.030

2013 0.002 0.003 N/A2 0.030

% Change1 -56.2% -29.0% N/A2 --

(1) Percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2007 annual average.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.

Table A-17. Maximum 3-Hr Average SO2 concentrations (ppm)


09/23 0.018 08/02 0.037 01/08 0.007 07/16 0.012

08/291 0.010 05/311 0.022 12/311 0.005 10/291 0.00703/01 0.009 05/23 0.020 07/08 0.004 07/14 0.004

05/03 0.009 05/03 0.018 07/16 0.004 12/24 0.004

02/28 0.009 04/26 0.016 07/07 0.004 09/13 0.004

(1) This daily max value represents the 2nd highest 3-hour daily SO2 concentration in 2013. This value can be compared with the 3-hr secondary SO2 NAAQS (0.5 ppm) to determine compliance.

Table A-18. SO2 Data Recovery (1-Hr Data Points)

Superblock Gull ParkNorth Long

Beach3

8,313 8,213 5,410

8,395 8,395 8,760

99.0% 97.8% 61.8%




% Data Recovery

Costa Mesa-Mesa Verde Drive Super Block Gull Park Burbank-W Palm Avenue

Table A-19. Filter-Based PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Sampling Date Superblock - FRM Gull Park - FRM01/04/13 81.5 46.0

01/10/13 43.0 22.5

01/16/13 128.6 14.7

01/22/13 285.1 68.8

01/28/13 28.5 9.8

02/03/13 28.9 25.6

02/09/13 24.5 17.6

02/15/13 79.9 48.2

02/21/13 43.3 24.9

02/27/13 106.7 42.2

03/05/13 44.7 39.4

03/11/13 51.0 30.8

03/17/13 18.1 18.8

03/23/13 36.6 30.6

03/29/13 36.4 13.3

04/04/13 57.9 17.6

04/10/13 70.4 34.7

04/16/13 78.2 35.5

04/22/13 35.8 25.2

04/28/13 29.9 27.0

05/04/13 38.6 31.9

05/10/13 54.1 28.3

05/16/13 37.3 25.2

05/22/13 55.9 31.9

05/28/13 39.8 22.3

06/03/13 26.3 15.3

06/09/13 10.5 9.5

06/15/13 37.5 24.4

06/21/13 48.0 30.6

06/27/13 36.4 9.5

07/03/13 48.7 14.5

07/09/13 65.9 22.9

07/15/13 80.5 27.2

07/21/13 16.1 14.7

07/27/13 21.5 16.4

08/02/13 32.8 22.3

08/08/13 32.9 14.3

08/14/13 29.9 14.5

08/20/13 75.6 20.1

08/26/13 45.3 19.0

09/01/13 18.0 14.0

09/07/13 45.5 32.7

09/13/13 56.2 19.3

09/19/13 39.5 N/A1

09/25/13 52.2 N/A1

(1) Data unavailable for a sampling day.

Table A-19. Filter-Based PM10 Concentrations (µg/m3)

Sampling Date Superblock - FRM Gull Park - FRM

10/01/13 27.8 20.3

10/07/13 65.3 39.0

10/13/13 26.8 22.7

10/19/13 37.7 18.5

10/25/13 58.0 33.3

10/31/13 71.3 41.6

11/06/13 69.5 45.3

11/12/13 109.0 N/A1

11/18/13 38.0 24.8

11/24/13 21.5 18.0

11/30/13 30.4 24.6

12/06/13 41.8 26.9

12/12/13 60.1 34.8

12/18/13 76.0 33.9

12/24/13 65.0 33.5

12/30/13 84.6 57.2(1) Data unavailable for a sampling day.

Table A-20. Continuous BAM PM10 Concentrations (g/m3)

Sampling Date Superblock - BAM Gull Park - BAM01/04/13 92.3 56.7

01/10/13 74.3 18.8

01/16/13 147.0 61.0

01/22/13 160.6 78.7

01/28/13 37.5 12.4

02/03/13 30.5 26.3

02/09/13 31.1 27.0

02/15/13 89.3 59.8

02/21/13 46.1 27.6

02/27/13 133.8 54.3

03/05/13 N/A1 26.2

03/11/13 N/A1 37.1

03/17/13 N/A1 25.4

03/23/13 29.5 35.4

03/29/13 38.4 20.3

04/04/13 68.0 22.4

04/10/13 74.2 41.7

04/16/13 92.7 37.9

04/22/13 24.8 30.5

04/28/13 9.4 33.0

05/04/13 44.6 33.2

05/10/13 64.4 32.1

05/16/13 42.3 30.5

05/22/13 62.2 34.6

05/28/13 47.1 25.8

06/03/13 33.6 20.5

06/09/13 16.8 14.3

06/15/13 46.8 31.8

06/21/13 54.6 39.3

06/27/13 43.2 13.2

07/03/13 55.2 16.5

07/09/13 92.3 31.6

07/15/13 78.3 33.0

07/21/13 20.4 21.1

07/27/13 31.6 28.7

08/02/13 42.7 33.6

08/08/13 42.1 21.5

08/14/13 39.8 21.2

08/20/13 64.3 N/A1

08/26/13 53.4 28.2

09/01/13 23.9 18.3

09/07/13 55.0 41.3

09/13/13 60.9 26.3

09/19/13 54.6 34.5


Table A-20. Continuous BAM PM10 Concentrations (g/m3)

Sampling Date Superblock - BAM Gull Park - BAM

10/01/13 38.7 29.3

10/07/13 77.1 48.1

10/13/13 36.6 28.8

10/19/13 52.7 29.1

10/25/13 76.6 48.3

10/31/13 85.9 50.0

11/06/13 82.5 56.2

11/12/13 123.2 68.6

11/18/13 48.4 32.0

11/24/13 27.4 21.7

11/30/13 39.8 31.5

12/06/13 48.9 30.7

12/12/13 71.4 42.2

12/18/13 86.0 43.3

12/24/13 75.1 40.0

12/30/13 N/A1 65.4(1) Data unavailable for a sampling day.

Table A-21. Maximum 24-Hr Average PM10 FRM Concentrations (μg/m3)

Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc.

01/221 285.1 01/221 68.8 01/221 53.0

01/162 128.6 12/302 57.2 10/252 44.011/12 109.0 02/15 48.2 04/16 42.0

02/27 106.7 01/04 46.0 10/07 41.0

12/30 84.6 11/06 45.3 01/16 40.0

(1) This value represents the maximum 24-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the California 24-hr PM10 standard (50 µg/m3).(1) This value represents the second highest 24-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the National 24-hr PM10 standard (150 µg/m3).(3) 2013 FRM data for South Long Beach currently incomplete, to be entered when the complete 2013 data set is pulished by the ARB.

Table A-22. Maximum 24-Hr Average PM10 BAM Concentrations (μg/m3)


01/221 285.1 01/221 68.8 02/051 75.3 01/221 47.6

01/162 128.6 12/302 57.2 02/062 53.2 02/142 47.111/12 109.0 02/15 48.2 01/09 48.6 02/07 46.3

02/27 106.7 01/04 46.0 01/09 48.6 01/31 43.0

12/30 84.6 11/06 45.3 02/07 47.3 01/30 40.1

(1) This value represents the maximum 24-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the California 24-hr PM10 standard (50 µg/m3).(1) This value represents the second highest 24-hr average during 2013. This value is used to determine compliance with the National 24-hr PM10 standard (150 µg/m3).

Table A-22. Annual Average PM10 Concentrations (μg/m3)

SuperblockFRM

Gull ParkFRM

SuperblockBAM

Gull ParkBAM



CAAQSAnnual

2007 49.1 35.6 50.2 38.9 33.6 43.2 20.0

2008 44.1 29.7 47.6 35.1 29.1 35.7 20.0

2009 44.7 29.8 52.1 35.4 30.2 33.2 20.0

2010 40.6 23.6 45.8 27.5 21.9 27.2 20.0

2011 49.5 26.3 56.6 33.3 24.2 28.7 20.0

2012 50.7 24.0 50.7 30.9 23.2 25.4 20.0

2013 53.1 26.7 57.2 33.7 N/A2 27.2 20.0

% Change1 8.1% -25.0% 14.0% -13.3% N/A2 -37.0% --

(1) Percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2007 annual average.(2) North Long Beach station shut down by SCAQMD as of 10/4/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.

Table A-23. PM10 Data Recovery

SuperblockFRM

Gull ParkFRM

SuperblockBAM

Gull ParkBAM

North Long Beach FRM3

South Long Beach FRM4

24-Hr 24-Hr 1-Hr 1-Hr 24-Hr 24-Hr

61 58 8,122 8,578 N/A 56

Total Available Hours2 61 61 8,760 8,760 N/A 61

% Data Recovery 100.0% 95.1% 92.7% 97.9% N/A 91.8%


Anaheim-Pampas Lane - BAM


Sampling Time

Super Block Gull Park South Long Beach3

Super Block Gull Park Los Angeles-North Main Street - BAM

YearPM10 Concentrations (g/m3)

Table A-24. Filter-Based PM2.5 Concentrations (g/m3)

Sampling Date Superblock - FRM01/01/13 N/A1

01/04/13 16.7

01/07/13 11.5

01/10/13 4.9

01/13/13 19.8

01/16/13 18.3

01/19/13 14.4

01/22/13 25.9

01/25/13 7.8

01/28/13 3.1

01/31/13 15.3

02/03/13 8.2

02/06/13 11.3

02/09/13 8.8

02/12/13 9.4

02/15/13 14.9

02/18/13 7.1

02/21/13 6.5

02/24/13 5.8

02/27/13 11.8

03/02/13 11.2

03/05/13 6.3

03/08/13 1.8

03/11/13 9.6

03/14/13 11.5

03/17/13 7.6

03/20/13 10.5

03/23/13 8.3

03/26/13 13.6

03/29/13 9.0

04/01/13 2.7

04/04/13 9.5

04/07/13 6.0

04/10/13 8.9

04/13/13 5.5

04/16/13 6.3

04/19/13 11.9

04/22/13 7.3

04/25/13 7.0

04/28/13 9.5

05/01/13 5.5

05/04/13 10.1

05/07/13 6.1

05/10/13 9.5

05/13/13 11.6(1) Data unavailable for a sampling day.


Sampling Date Superblock - FRM

05/16/13 7.3

05/19/13 6.5

05/22/13 9.7

05/25/13 7.6

05/28/13 5.9

05/31/13 9.8

06/03/13 6.0

06/06/13 8.7

06/09/13 4.1

06/12/13 6.1

06/15/13 10.4

06/18/13 12.9

06/21/13 11.2

06/24/13 6.0

06/27/13 8.2

06/30/13 7.3

07/03/13 11.4

07/06/13 5.1

07/09/13 14.0

07/12/13 9.5

07/15/13 12.2

07/18/13 8.1

07/21/13 3.9

07/24/13 6.1

07/27/13 7.3

07/30/13 9.9

08/02/13 10.5

08/05/13 9.8

08/08/13 4.0

08/11/13 6.1

08/14/13 6.0

08/17/13 6.7

08/20/13 9.5

08/23/13 5.5

08/26/13 6.1

08/29/13 6.8

09/01/13 2.8

09/04/13 6.9

09/07/13 7.0

09/10/13 3.6

09/13/13 5.8

09/16/13 7.8

09/19/13 7.2

09/22/13 4.3



Sampling Date Superblock - FRM

09/28/13 9.9

10/01/13 4.3

10/04/13 18.4

10/07/13 11.9

10/10/13 7.5

10/13/13 5.8

10/16/13 11.7

10/19/13 9.3

10/22/13 11.3

10/25/13 11.5

10/28/13 6.8

10/31/13 13.9

11/03/13 5.8

11/06/13 14.8

11/09/13 8.9

11/12/13 23.9

11/15/13 10.1

11/18/13 10.5

11/21/13 4.3

11/24/13 10.3

11/27/13 21.8

11/30/13 13.6

12/03/13 13.5

12/06/13 12.8

12/09/13 22.5

12/12/13 18.4

12/15/13 14.4

12/18/13 15.4

12/21/13 12.8

12/24/13 15.8

12/27/13 16.4


Table A-25. Continuous BAM PM2.5 Concentrations (g/m3)


01/01/13 56.7 N/A1

01/04/13 25.6 N/A1

01/07/13 13.2 N/A1

01/10/13 5.0 5.2

01/13/13 49.0 18.0

01/16/13 25.9 21.8

01/19/13 17.1 14.3

01/22/13 27.8 20.8

01/25/13 10.4 10.2

01/28/13 1.9 3.7

01/31/13 24.3 23.3

02/03/13 10.2 10.9

02/06/13 14.9 13.2

02/09/13 12.2 14.4

02/12/13 12.1 11.6

02/15/13 22.5 19.6

02/18/13 9.2 11.6

02/21/13 5.3 8.8

02/24/13 6.0 6.7

02/27/13 16.3 14.7

03/02/13 16.8 17.4

03/05/13 10.3 11.1

03/08/13 0.0 4.0

03/11/13 15.2 14.6

03/14/13 N/A1 20.2

03/17/13 12.2 12.8

03/20/13 19.8 16.1

03/23/13 12.6 12.6

03/26/13 23.3 17.7

03/29/13 15.6 10.4

04/01/13 3.7 5.0

04/04/13 17.7 13.5

04/07/13 8.2 10.2

04/10/13 10.7 13.2

04/13/13 8.3 9.9

04/16/13 5.9 8.5

04/19/13 18.9 13.7

04/22/13 11.3 12.7

04/25/13 9.1 9.9

04/28/13 16.1 15.0

05/01/13 11.6 7.4

05/04/13 15.0 14.7

05/07/13 10.2 8.7

05/10/13 15.0 13.3




05/16/13 13.5 11.8

05/19/13 10.5 11.2

05/22/13 17.9 13.4

05/25/13 18.0 13.7

05/28/13 15.6 9.3

05/31/13 19.4 14.6

06/03/13 9.6 9.9

06/06/13 14.4 9.9

06/09/13 8.7 6.8

06/12/13 12.3 6.6

06/15/13 14.4 13.9

06/18/13 15.7 14.8

06/21/13 15.8 14.3

06/24/13 9.6 7.0

06/27/13 17.7 6.3

06/30/13 14.5 9.2

07/03/13 15.8 12.7

07/06/13 7.3 7.3

07/09/13 18.6 14.3

07/12/13 13.3 12.6

07/15/13 17.0 12.4

07/18/13 16.6 12.6

07/21/13 11.1 9.1

07/24/13 14.5 7.5

07/27/13 14.6 10.5

07/30/13 18.9 9.6

08/02/13 16.9 15.3

08/05/13 25.1 14.5

08/08/13 16.3 8.1

08/11/13 16.5 13.6

08/14/13 18.8 10.9

08/17/13 22.8 16.5

08/20/13 24.8 N/A1

08/23/13 14.1 N/A1

08/26/13 10.8 7.8

08/29/13 13.2 11.0

09/01/13 5.4 6.3

09/04/13 15.2 12.6

09/07/13 18.2 14.1

09/10/13 16.0 10.1

09/13/13 22.5 10.8

09/16/13 9.3 10.8

09/19/13 21.9 12.6

09/22/13 8.0 8.1




09/28/13 11.9 13.4

10/01/13 18.3 9.5

10/04/13 22.7 13.8

10/07/13 16.5 14.9

10/10/13 13.5 11.4

10/13/13 11.3 13.4

10/16/13 14.7 12.5

10/19/13 22.4 16.8

10/22/13 24.8 23.2

10/25/13 32.2 27.3

10/28/13 15.7 6.8

10/31/13 25.7 19.3

11/03/13 12.2 11.7

11/06/13 16.9 13.4

11/09/13 18.4 16.5

11/12/13 37.1 25.4

11/15/13 18.7 13.9

11/18/13 15.9 13.2

11/21/13 5.6 1.6

11/24/13 14.6 12.7

11/27/13 21.8 16.5

11/30/13 18.8 15.1

12/03/13 15.5 14.7

12/06/13 13.6 10.1

12/09/13 18.1 15.3

12/12/13 20.8 17.0

12/15/13 17.3 14.0

12/18/13 25.9 13.8

12/21/13 15.4 15.1

12/24/13 17.8 13.7

12/27/13 15.7 14.0


Table A-26. Highest 24-Hr Average PM2.5 Concentrations (μg/m3)

Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc. Date Conc.

01/22 25.9 01/01 47.2 01/01 42.9 01/01 56.7 10/26 39.8 02/05 55.0 10/26 52.3

11/121 23.9 12/22 36.8 12/22 35.0 01/13 49.0 12/22 33.6 03/15 48.1 12/22 43.3

12/09 22.5 10/26 34.2 10/26 33.3 01/02 42.0 12/14 30.2 10/26 44.9 12/13 37.3

11/27 21.8 12/31 32.0 12/31 29.4 12/22 40.4 12/31 29.5 10/21 40.5 12/14 35.3

01/13 19.8 12/13 29.9 12/13 28.2 11/12 37.1 12/23 28.7 03/16 40.0 12/31 34.7

10/04 18.4 01/05 27.9 01/05 25.5 12/14 35.8 01/17 28.5 03/19 38.2 10/21 34.3

10/04 18.4 10/21 26.1 10/21 24.6 10/21 35.2 10/25 27.3 03/26 37.5 10/25 34.1

01/16 18.3 10/252 24.4 03/262 24.5 10/262 35.2 10/212 26.9 03/252 37.5 12/252 32.712/30 18.3 12/14 24.2 12/14 24.1 01/17 33.6 12/13 26.8 02/06 37.5 01/05 30.4

01/04 16.7 02/14 24.0 12/25 23.8 01/05 33.6 02/07 25.4 03/24 35.5 12/23 30.2

12/27 16.4 02/05 23.3 02/14 22.6 12/31 33.1 11/12 25.4 12/22 34.9 11/12 28.5

12/24 15.8 01/03 23.0 03/27 22.1 12/23 32.7 02/14 25.2 08/14 34.4 11/10 28.0

12/18 15.4 01/13 21.7 10/23 20.5 10/25 32.2 11/13 24.8 10/27 33.9 11/26 27.5

01/31 15.3 01/09 21.4 12/23 20.3 01/09 31.4 11/10 24.2 10/25 33.2 11/11 25.8

02/15 14.9 12/25 20.3 11/12 19.2 12/13 31.2 01/31 23.3 03/17 33.0 10/20 25.0

11/06 14.8 10/23 20.3 01/13 19.0 12/25 30.8 10/22 23.2 06/01 32.3 10/23 24.6

01/19 14.4 12/08 20.3 01/16 19.0 11/13 30.5 10/20 22.5 03/29 31.9 10/22 24.1

12/15 14.4 12/17 18.8 02/07 18.8 11/01 28.9 11/11 22.3 08/15 31.6 11/29 24.0

(1) These 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations measured by the filter based monitor represent the 98th percentile for 2013, based on approximately 120 samples.(2) These 24-hour average PM2.5 concentrations measured by the SCAQMD filter; and SCAQMD and Port BAM monitors represent the 98th percentile for 2013, based on 365 samples.

South Long Beach - BAMLos Angeles-North Main Street Superblock FRM South Long Beach - FRM Superblock - BAM Gull Park - BAMNorth Long Beach -

FRM

Table A-27. 98th Percentile of the 24-Hr Average PM2.5 Average Concentrations (μg/m3)

Superblock FRM

Superblock BAM

Gull Park BAM

North Long Beach - FRM

South Long Beach -

FRM

NAAQSAnnual

2011 27.4 36.9 31.2 26.8 26.0 --

2012 29.6 36.3 30.3 26.4 25.1 --

2013 23.9 35.2 26.9 24.4 24.5 --

Average1 27.0 36.1 29.5 25.9 25.2 35.0

(1) This is the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of the 24-hour PM2.5 concentration during 2011-2013

Table A-28. Annual Average PM2.5 Concentrations (μg/m3)

Year Superblock FRM

Superblock BAM

Gull Park BAM

North Long Beach - FRM

South Long Beach -

FRM

North Long Beach - BAM

South Long Beach -

BAM

NAAQS Annual

CAAQSAnnual

2007 14.5 17.5 14.9 14.6 13.8 N/A N/A 15.0 12.0

2008 13.8 19.1 15.6 14.2 13.7 N/A N/A 15.0 12.0

2009 11.7 17.3 14.1 13.0 12.5 13.3 N/A 15.0 12.0

2010 9.4 12.6 10.7 10.6 10.5 11.8 N/A 15.0 12.0

2011 10.4 15.1 13.5 10.8 10.8 15.5 N/A 15.0 12.0

2012 9.0 14.5 14.4 10.4 10.4 14.4 13.9 12.03 12.0

2013 9.7 16.0 12.8 11.3 11.0 N/A2 14.8 12.0 12.0

% Change1 -33.3% -8.4% -14.3% -22.1% -20.2% N/A2 N/A -- --

(1) Percent change compares the 2013 annual average vs. 2007 annual average.(2) North Long Beach station discontinued operation of PM2.5 BAM monitor as of 9/30/2013; therefore, average and maximum concentrations for 2013 could not be determined.(3) This NAAQS was updated 0n December 14th, 2012.

Table A-29. PM2.5 Data Recovery

SuperblockFRM

SuperblockBAM

Gull ParkBAM

North Long Beach FRM3


South Long Beach BAM

24-Hr 1-Hr 1-Hr 24-Hr 24-Hr 1-Hr

121 8,627 8,379 331 341 6,946

Total Available Hours2 122 8,760 8,760 365 365 8,760

% Data Recovery 99.2% 98.5% 95.7% 90.7% 93.4% 79.3%

(1) Valid hourly averages are the total number of valid data points collected during 2013 at each station.(2) Total available hours are the number of hr/yr minus the hours used for instrument calibration.(3) The SCAQMD North Long Beach Station gathered filter based PM2.5 data through the end of CY 2013.

Sampling Time


monitoring.cleanairactionplan.org · polb air quality monitoring program: cy 2013 summary report...

Documents