pol3 - ethics and world politics

7/29/2019 Pol3 - Ethics and World Politics

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PPS Tripos 2013-14

Part II, Pol 3: Ethics and World Politics

Paper OrganiserProfessor Andrew [email protected]

Lecturers

Dr Gwilym David [email protected]

Dr Stefano Rechhia - [email protected]

Dr Ayse Zarakol - [email protected]

Supervisors

Gulya Amanova - [email protected]

Dr Gwilym David [email protected] Cawston - [email protected]

Dr Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni- [email protected]

Moira Faul - [email protected]

Dr Alastair Fraser - [email protected]

Andrew Gamble - [email protected]

Eliza Garnsey - [email protected]

Marta Iniguez De Heredia - [email protected]

Vladimir Kmec - [email protected]

Alasia [email protected]

Daniel Peat - [email protected]

Dr Stefano Rechhia - [email protected] Sarah Steele - [email protected]

Mano Toth - [email protected]

Jamie Trinidad - [email protected]

Andres Villar-Gertner - [email protected]

Matt Windsor - [email protected]

Dr Ayse Zarakol - [email protected]

Outline of the Course

Aims and Objectives

To provide a broad overview of contemporary debates about ethics and world politics

To encourage critical reflection on global justice, human rights, and political violence

To demonstrate the complexity of linking theoretical arguments with practical examples

To offer intellectual resources for thinking about a wide range of topics in contemporary

politics

Structure of the Paper

The paper is divided into two parts. Part I comprises an introductory lecture and threeSections: (1) political boundaries and the scope of justice; (2) human rights; (3) ethics of


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political violence. These sections provide an overview of some of the central ethical

issues in world politics. In Part II, students select one of three modules: (1) The politics

of the World Trade Organization; (2) humanitarian intervention; (3) human rights in

practice. (Selection means that supervisions will be given on the particular modulenote

that you are welcome to attend the lectures for all of the modules). These modules

examine how some of the theoretical arguments elaborated in Part I apply or fail toapplyin a variety of practical political contexts.

Brief Description

The paper has two main aims. The first is to introduce students to a range of arguments

about pressing normative questions in world politics. What does ethics mean in the

context of world politics? What is the moral status of political borders? Do the rich states

(and citizens) of the Global North have an obligation to distribute wealth to the poor

states (and citizens) of the Global South? Is patriotism a virtue or a vice? What is a

human right? Are human rights a form of western imperialism? Under what conditions, if

any, is war justified? What about terrorism? By the end of the course, students should beto grapple with complex questions of this kind.

Many of the topics and arguments covered by the paper have important historical

precursors, some of which are explored in depth in the papers covering the History of

Political Thought (Pol 1, Pol 2, Pol 6). However, this paper concentrates on current

debates and recent scholarly literature, drawing on work from various academic fields

including IR, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. The paper expands on some

of the topics introduced in the Part I Politics and International Relations papers, and

provides students with intellectual resources relevant for thinking about the material

covered in other Tripos papers.

The second aim is to explore normative issues in a variety of concrete political contexts,

showing how the circumstances and dynamics of political life can challenge, or

complicate, theoretical arguments about ethics. In particular, it does this through offering

students the choice to explore some detailed case studies.

Pol 3 concentrates on three interlinked topics. It starts with an introductory discussion of

the character of ethical argument in world politics, before addressing three main topics.

The first concerns the scope of justice and the moral status of political boundaries,

focusing especially on cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and statism, and examining

questions about whether the rich (individuals or communities) have a moral duty toredistribute wealth to the poor, and if global democracy is a normatively desirable goal.

The second major topic is human rights. Here we will examine different conceptions of

human rights as well as exploring a range of criticisms of the idea. The final topic

explores the ethics of political violence. This section will focus on the just war tradition

and its critics, while paying special attention to humanitarian intervention and the ethics

of terrorism. The topics covered in the three sections are inter-related and the lectures

will draw out some of the connections.

Supervision and Assessment

Students taking Pol 3 will have six supervisions over the course of the year. Four of the

supervisions will cover questions from Part I of the course. In Part I, students areexpected to write one essay on the topics discussed in the opening lecture, and one each


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for the three Sections. The remaining two supervisions will cover the module chosen for

Part II.

Students will be assessed through a written examination in the Easter Term. The

examination paper will have 2 Sections. Section A, covering the material from Part I of

the course, will have 10 questions. Section B, covering the material from the threemodules in Part II, will have 12 Questions (4 for each module). Students must answer

three questions in three hours, 2 from Section A and 1 from Section B. A mock exam

paper can be found at the end of this document.

Lecture List

Michaelmas Term 2011 (Dr Gwilym David Blunt)

Lecture 1: Ethics and World Politics: Methods and Approaches

Section I: Political Boundaries and the Scope of Justice

Lecture 2: Theoretical Foundations of Cosmopolitanism

Lecture 3: Nationality and CultureLecture 4: The State and Patriotism

Lecture 5: Distributive Justice and Global Poverty

Lecture 6: Global Democracy and Citizenship

Section II: Human Rights

Lecture 7: What are Human Rights?

Lecture 8: Human Rights: Political Conceptions

Lecture 9: Relativism, Universalism, and Human Rights

Lecture 10: Challenging Human Rights

Section III: The Ethics of Political Violence

Lecture 11: Debating the Ethics of War

Lecture 12: TheJus ad Bellum and the Prevention/Pre-emption DistinctionLecture 13:Jus in Bello andJus Post Bellum

Lecture 14: On Humanitarianism and Humanitarian Intervention

Lecture 15: The Ethics of Terrorism

Lent Term 2012

Module I: Military Intervention (Dr Stefano Recchia)

Lecture 1: Why seek multilateral approval? Justice and legitimacy in contemporary uses

of force

Lecture 2:NATOs Humanitarian War OverKosovo

Lecture 3: The U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2003: Was it a Just War?

Lecture 4: After war - Jus post bellum and international trusteeship

(Bosnia, 1995-2013)

Module II: Debates about Terrorism (Dr Ayse Zarakol)

Lecture 1: Defining terrorism and terrorists: Conceptual, legal and ethical issues

Lecture 2: Evaluating motivations for terrorism: Revolutionaries, Guerrillas, Freedom-fighters, Psychopaths?


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Lecture 3: Evaluating terrorism by its methods and strategies

Lecture 4: - Counterterrorism: ethical issues

Module II: Human Rights and Global Poverty (Dr David Blunt)

Lecture 1: Human rights institutions and politicsLecture 2: The Millennium Development Goals and Human Rights

Lecture 3: Migration and Human Rights

Lecture 4: Climate Change and Human Rights

Reading Material & Sample Questions

The reading list for Part I is divided into 15 topics which track the course of the lectures.

Texts are divided into three categories: general, core, and supplementary. Each of the

Sections starts with a short list ofGeneralreadings, which are important for addressing

the Section as a whole. Under each of the topic headings you will find lists of Core and

Supplementary readings. The general and core readings are important for preparing

supervision essays. By exam time, you should have read all of the General texts as wellas the core texts for the topics you are revising. The Supplementary reading lists are

provided for those who want to dig deeper into particular subject areas. Note that many

of the readings are relevant for more than one Section. Readings for Part II are listed

under the module descriptions towards the end of this document.

Many of the texts can be found in the PPSIS Library or are accessible through the

University Library electronic resources portal. However, those that are not can be

downloaded from CamTools. These texts are identified with a [C] in the following pages.

The main background reading is Duncan Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics (Oxford

UP, 2010). It covers most of the themes in the course, but is best used as an introductory

overview for each topic.

A list of sample questions can be found under each topic heading. Further sample

questions can be found at the end of each chapter in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World Politics.

Discussion of ethics and world politics is at the forefront of current academic (as well as

public) debates in a variety of fields and relevant new material is being published all the

time. Those wanting to follow the evolving literature, from a variety of different

perspectives, should check the following academic journals, all of which are available

on-line: Constellations: A Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory;European Journal

of Social Theory; Global Constitutionalism; Journal of International Political Theory;

International Theory; Ethics; Ethics & International Affairs; Humanity; Human RightsQuarterly; Philosophy & Public Affairs; Journal of Political Philosophy; Political

Theory; and theReview of International Studies.

The following websites are valuable:

http://plato.stanford.eduAn excellent on-line encyclopaedia of philosophy, covering both key thinkers and

important topics.

http://www.e-ir.info/

A wide-ranging website aimed principally at IR students, containing news, essays,podcasts, and commentary on international politics
http://plato.stanford.edu/http://plato.stanford.edu/http://www.e-ir.info/http://www.e-ir.info/http://www.e-ir.info/http://plato.stanford.edu/


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http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/The On-line Resource Centre page for Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics includes a list

of further case studies for chapters in Part III of the book, as well as interactive

flashcards to helps students learn key concepts

http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.htmlThe text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

http://www.undp.org/The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) site contains information about

global inequality and poverty, including the annual Human Development Reports

http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/The UN Millennium Development Goals

http://www.justwartheory.com/An excellent collection of resources dedicated to the ethics of war
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.htmlhttp://www.un.org/Overview/rights.htmlhttp://www.undp.org/http://www.undp.org/http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/http://www.justwartheory.com/http://www.justwartheory.com/http://www.justwartheory.com/http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/http://www.undp.org/http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.htmlhttp://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548620/


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Ethics and World Politics: Methods and Approaches

Sample Questions:

- Is utopophobia a justifiable fear?

- Does realism have a status quo bias and, if so, is this a problem?

- Does realistic utopianism give us the worst of both worlds?

Core Reading

- Duncan Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics (Oxford UP, 2010) Introduction & chs.1-5

- C. A. J. Coady,Messy Morality: The Challenge of Politics (Oxford UP, 2008)

- David Estlund, Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework (Princeton UP,

2008), pp. 263-75 [on utopophobia] [C]

- Raymond Geuss,Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton UP, 2008), pp. 1-55 [C]

- Andrew Hurrell, Order and Justice in International Relations: Whats at Stake? in

Rosemary Foot, John Lewis Gaddis & Andrew Hurrell (eds.), Order and Justice in

International Relations (Oxford UP, 2003) [C]

- Onora ONeill,Bounds of Justice (Cambridge UP, 2000) ch.4 and ch. 8- Judith Shklar, The Liberalism of Fear in Shklar, Political Thought and Political

Thinkers, ed. Stanley Hoffmann (Chicago UP, 1988)[C]

- Adam Swift and Stuart White, Political Theory, Social Science, and Real Politics in

David Leopold & Marc Stears (eds.), Political Theory: Methods and Approaches

(Oxford UP, 2008) [C]

- Thucydides, The War between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, (Cambridge UP,

2013) [Ch.17: the Melian Dialogue, but the rest is good too. Also available online usually

as The Peloponnesian War]

- John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Harvard UP, 1999), introduction

- Lea Ypi, On the Confusion between Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory in Global JusticePolitical Studies, 58/3 (2010): 536-555

Supplementary Reading

- Jonathan Allen, The Place of Negative Morality in Political Theory, Political Theory,

29/3 (2001)

- Duncan Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics, chs. 9,11,12

- Joshua Busby,Moral Movements and Foreign Policy (Cambridge UP, 2010)

- David Campbell and Michael J. Shapiro (eds.), Moral Spaces: Rethinking Ethics and

World Politics (Minnesota UP, 1999) [explores post-structural arguments about global

ethics]

- C.A.J. Coady (ed.), Whats Wrong with Moralism? (Blackwell, 1996)- William A. Galston, Realism in Political Theory, European Journal of Political

Theory, 9 (2010)

- Raymond Geuss, Outside Ethics in his Outside Ethics (Princeton UP, 2005)

- Stanley Hoffmann, Duties beyond Borders: On the Limits and Possibilities of Ethical

International Politics (Heath, 1981)

- Andrew Hurrell, On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of

International Society (Oxford UP, 2007) [A wide-ranging text in the English School

tradition]

- Margaret Kohn & Keally McBride, Political Theories of Decolonization:

Postcolonialism and the Problem of Foundations (Oxford UP, 2011) [Non-western

theory, includes discussion of Fanon and Gandhi]


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- Will Kymlicka and William Sullivan (eds.), The Globalization of Ethics: Religious and

Secular Perspectives (Cambridge UP, 2007) [A useful account of contending approaches,

especially religious ones]

- James Laidlaw, For an Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom, Journal of the Royal

Anthropological Institute, 8 (2002) [Calls for an anthropology of ethics]

- Richard Ned Lebow, The Tragic Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests and Orders(Cambridge UP, 2003)

- Mark Philp, Political Conduct (Harvard UP, 2007) [A realist account of political

thought & action]

- Richard M. Price (ed.), Moral Limit and Possibility in World Politics (Cambridge UP,

2008) [on IR constructivism and ethics]

- Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International

Relations (Oxford UP, 2008) [An excellent overview of IR theory and its ethical

dimensions]

- Michael C. Williams, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations

(Cambridge UP, 2005) [re-reading realism as a form of critical political theory]

- Laura Valentini, On the Apparent Paradox of Ideal Theory, Journal of PoliticalPhilosophy, 17/3 (2008)

- Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (Routledge, 2006 [1985]) [A

sceptical classic]

- Bernard Williams, Realism and Moralism in Political Theory in Williams, In the

Beginning was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument, ed. Geoffrey

Hawthorn (Princeton UP, 2007)


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Section I: Political Boundaries and the Scope of Justice

The lectures in this section discuss the theoretical bases for conflicting normative

arguments about world politics. Lecture 1 discusses cosmopolitanism. Lectures 2 and 3

introduce prominent alternatives to cosmopolitanism, focusing on the ethical status of

states, nations, and culture. Lectures 1-3 in combination provide the main theoreticalarguments for thinking about the topics covered in the following two lectures global

poverty (Lecture 4) and democracy in the international system (Lecture 5).

General Readings for Section I:

- Gerald Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination: The Renewal of Critical Social Theory

(Cambridge UP, 2009)

- Nancy Fraser, Scales of Justice: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World

(Columbia UP, 2008)

- John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Harvard UP, 1999)

- Thomas Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, 2nd ed. (Polity, 2008)

- Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World (Oxford UP, 2011)

Pogges volume is one of the pioneering texts in the recent upsurge of interest in

cosmopolitanism, and among other things it proposes a Global Resources Dividend to

address global poverty. In contrast, Rawls presents a non-cosmopolitan theory focusing

on the idea of a people. Fraser and Delanty, meanwhile, draw (albeit in rather different

ways) on the legacy of Critical Theory, in order to present distinctive cosmopolitan

accounts. Valentini provides an excellent example of an attempt to reconcile

cosmopolitanism with statism and find a third way in this debate.


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Theoretical Foundations of Cosmopolitanism

Sample Questions

- Is cosmopolitanism a normatively desirable position in the contemporary world?

- Is cosmopolitanism the ideological superstructure of global capitalism?

- What is the relationship between empirical and normative accounts ofcosmopolitanism?

Core Reading

- Ulrich Beck and Edgar Grande, Varieties of Second Modernity: The Cosmopolitan

Turn in Social and Political Theory and Research, British Journal of Sociology, 61/3

(2010): 409-43

- Craig Calhoun, The Class Consciousness of Frequent Travelers: Towards a Critique of

Actually Existing Cosmopolitanism, South Atlantic Quarterly, 101/4 (2002)

- Simon Caney, Cosmopolitanism in Duncan Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- Simon Caney, Justice Beyond Borders: A Global Political Theory (Oxford UP, 2005),

esp. chs. 1-4- William Connolly, Speed, Concentric Cultures, and Cosmopolitanism, Political

Theory, 28/5 (2000): 596-618

- Fraser, Scales of Justice, chs. 1-4

- Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination, esp. chs. 1-2

- Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Cosmopolitanism and the Circle of Reason, Political Theory,

28/5 (2000): 619-39

- Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, esp. chs. 1, 7

- Martha Nussbaum, Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism in For Love of Country:

Debating the Limits of Patriotism, ed. J. Cohen (Beacon, 1996) [C]


On Empirical Cosmopolitanism:

- Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization

(Minnesota UP, 1996)

- Ulrich Beck & Natan Sznaider (eds.), British Journal of Sociology, Cosmopolitan

Sociology (2006)

- Ulrich Beck, The Cosmopolitan Vision (Polity, 2006)

- Gerard Delanty (ed.), Handbook of Cosmopolitan Studies (Routledge, 2012) [a wide

ranging collection of essays]

- Robert J. Holton, Cosmopolitanisms: New Thinking and New Directions (Palgrave,2009)

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- Hiro Saito, An Actor-Network Theory of Cosmopolitanism, Sociological Theory, 29

(2011)

- Manfred Steger, The Rise of the Global Imaginary: Political Ideologies from the

French Revolution to the Global War on Terror(Oxford UP, 2008), esp. the discussion

of Justice Globalism (ch. 5)

- Prina Werbner,Anthropology and the New Cosmopolitanism (Berg, 2009)

On Ethical Accounts of Cosmopolitanism:

- Kwame Appiah, Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers (Norton, 2006)[defending cultural contamination and a thin form of liberal cosmopolitanism]


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- Brian Barry, Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique in Ian Shapiro and

Leo Brilmayer (eds.), Global Justice (NYU Press, 1999)

- Jens Bartelson, Visions of World Community (Cambridge UP, 2009) [A powerful

historical account]

- Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations, 2nd ed. (Princeton UP,

1999) [A classic]- Seyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens (Cambridge UP,

2004)

- Seyla Benhabib, The Philosophical Foundations of Cosmopolitan Norms in Benhabib,

Another Cosmopolitanism: Hospitality, Sovereignty, and Democratic Iterations (Oxford

UP, 2006)

- Gillian Brock, Global Justice: A Cosmopolitan Account(Oxford UP, 2009), esp. chs. 1-

4

- G. Brock and H. Brighouse (eds.), The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism


- Allen Buchanan, Justice, Legitimacy and Self-Determination: Moral Foundations for

International Law (Oxford UP, 2004), esp. ch. 1-4- Pheng Cheah and Bruce Robbins (eds.), Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling beyond

the Nation (Minnesota UP, 1998) [non-liberal, post-colonial cosmopolitanisms]

- Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness (Routledge, 2001) [a post-

modern cosmopolitics]

- Toni Erskine, Embedded Cosmopolitanism: Duties to Strangers and Enemies in a

World of Dislocated Communities (Oxford UP, 2008) [addresses the communitarian

challenge]

- Farah Godrej, Cosmopolitan Political Thought: Method, Practice, Discipline (Oxford,

2011) [on non-western iterations of cosmopolitanism]

- Jrgen Habermas, Kants Idea of Perpetual Peace, with the Benefit of Two Hundred

Years Hindsight in James Bohman and Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (eds.), Perpetual

Peace:Essays on Kants Cosmopolitan Ideal(MIT Press, 1997) [C]

- David Harvey, Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom (Columbia UP,

2009) [a powerful Marxist critique of mainstream cosmopolitan arguments]

- David Held, Cosmopolitanism: Ideals and Realities (Polity, 2011) [A good, basic

introduction]

- Charles Jones, Global Justice: Defending Cosmopolitanism (Oxford UP, 1999)

- Chantal Mouffe, On the Political(Routledge, 2005), ch. 5 [A neo-Schmittian critique]

- Martha Nussbaum, Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership

(Harvard UP, 2007)

- Cara Nine, Global Justice and Territory (Oxford UP, 2012)- Onora ONeill, Bounds of Justice (Cambridge UP, 2000) [An influential neo-Kantian

approach]

- Sheldon Pollock, Homi Bhaba, Carol Breckenridge, & Dipesh Chakrabarty (eds.)

Cosmopolitanism (Duke UP, 2002) [Non-liberal cosmopolitanisms]

- Samuel Scheffler,Boundaries and Allegiances: Problems of Justice and Responsibility

in Liberal Thought (Oxford UP, 2001), esp. chs. 2,3,4 & 7 [important essays on liberal

theories of justice]

- Steven Vertovec and Robin Cohen (eds.), Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory,

Context, and Practice (Oxford UP, 2002) [A useful interdisciplinary collection of essays]

- Richard Vernon, Cosmopolitan Regard: Political Membership and Global Justice



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- Jeremy Waldron, Minority Cultures and the Cosmopolitan Alternative, University of

Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 25 (1992) [an influential and fierce critique of

culturalist arguments]

- Jeremy Waldron, What is Cosmopolitan?Journal of Political Philosophy, 8 (2000)

- Lea Ypi, Statist Cosmopolitanism,Journal of Political Philosophy, 16/1 (2001)

- Lea Ypi, Global Justice and Avant-Garde Political Agency (Oxford UP, 2011)


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Nationality and Culture

Sample Questions

Do co-nationals owe each other special duties of justice? Why?

What, if anything, is ethically significant about shared nationality?

Does national self-determination necessarily require independence?How are nations distinct from other forms of human association? i.e. families, religious

communities, universities, etc.

Core Reading

- Arash Abizadeh, Historical Truth, National Myths and Liberal Democracy: On the

Coherence of Liberal Nationalism,Journal of Political Philosophy, 12/3 (2004):291-313

- Isaiah Berlin, Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power in Berlin, Against the

Current: Essays in the History of Ideas, ed. Henry Hardy (Viking Press, 1980) [C]

- Craig Calhoun, Nationalism Matters in Calhoun, Nations Matter: Culture, History,

and the Cosmopolitan Dream (Routledge, 2007) [C]

- Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz, National Self-Determination, Journal ofPhilosophy, 87/9 (1990):439-61

- David Miller,National Responsibility and Global Justice (Oxford UP, 2007)

- Margaret Moore, Defending Community: Nationalism, Patriotism, and Culture in Bell

(ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- Roger Scruton, In Defence of the Nation in Scruton, The Philosopher on Dover Beach

(Continuum, 2009) [C]

- Michael Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad (Notre Dame

UP, 1994)

Supplementary Reading- Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and spread of

Nationalism (Verso, 1985)

- Duncan Bell, Agonistic Democracy and the Politics of Memory, Constellations, 15

(2008)

- Seyla Benhabib, Ian Shapiro, Danilo Petranovich (eds.), Identities, Affiliations, and

Allegiances (Cambridge UP, 2007), esp. chs. 3,6,7,10,11

- Michael Billig,Banal Nationalism (Sage, 1995)

- Allan Buchanan and Margaret Moore (eds.), States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics

of Making Boundaries (Cambridge UP, 2003) [Covers a variety of philosophical and

religious perspectives

- Margaret Canovan,Nationhood and Political Theory (Edward Elgar, 1996)- Joan Cocks, Passion and Paradox: Intellectuals Confront the National Question

(Princeton UP, 2002)

- Thomas Hurka, The Justification of National Partiality in The Morality o f

Nationalism (Oxford UP, 1997)

- Chaim Gans, The Limits of Nationalism (Cambridge UP, 2003)

- Michael Ignatieff, Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism (Farrar,

1995)

- Will Kymlicka,Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford

UP, 1995) [a very influential defence of liberal multiculturalism]

- Andrew Mason, Community, Solidarity and Belonging: Levels of Community and their

Normative Significance (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000) [dissects arguments aboutdifferent types of community]


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The State and Patriotism

Sample Questions

What, if anything, is special about state coercion?

Is patriotism a threat to liberal-democratic values or necessary for their realization?

Does the third way successfully reconcile statism and cosmopolitanism?

Core Reading

- Margaret Canovan, Patriotism is Not Enough, British Journal of Political Science,

30/3 (2000): 413-32

- Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics, chs. 6 & 20

- Jrgen Habermas, Citizenship and National Identity in Habermas,Between Facts and

Norms : Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy (Polity, 1997) [C]

- George Kateb, Is Patriotism a Mistake? Social Research, 67/4 (2000): 901-24 [C]

- Ccile Laborde, From Constitutional to Civic Patriotism, British Journal of Political

Science, 32/4 (2002): 591-612

- Alasdair MacIntyre, Is Patriotism a Virtue? in Ronald Beiner (ed.), Theorizing

Citizenship (SUNY Press, 1995) [C]

- Jan-Werner Mller, Constitutional Patriotism (Princeton UP, 2007)

- Thomas Nagel, The Problem of Global Justice, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33/2

(2005): 113-147

- Philip Pettit, A Republican Law of Peoples, European Journal of Political Theory,

9/1 (2010): 70-94

- Rawls, The Law of Peoples

- Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World: A Normative Framework (Oxford UP,

2011) ch.4 & 5


- Allen Buchanan, Rawlss Law of Peoples: Rules for a Vanished Westphalian World,

Ethics, 110/4 (2000) [a cosmopolitan critique of Rawls]

- Michael Blake, Distributive Justice, State Coercion and Autonomy, Philosophy &

Public Affairs 30/3 (2001) [an argument about the normative significance of the state,

focusing on coercion]

- Simon Caney, Distributive Justice and the State,Political Studies, 57 (2008)

- Samuel Freeman, Rawls (Routledge, 2007), esp. ch. 10 [The best general introduction

to Rawls]

- Mervyn Frost,Ethics in International Relations: A Constitutive Theory (Cambridge UP,

1996)- Robert Goodin, What is so Special about our Fellow Countrymen?Ethics, 98 (1988)

- Jrgen Habermas, The European Nation-State: On the Past and Future of Sovereignty

and Citizenship in Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory

(Polity, 1996)

- Robert Jackson, The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States (Oxford

UP, 2000)

- Simon Keller, The Limits of Loyalty (Cambridge UP, 2007) [Philosophical analysis of

loyalties]

- Patchen Markell, Making Affect Safe for Democracy: On Constitutional Patriotism,

Political Theory, 28 (2000)


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- Saladin Meckled-Garcia, On the Very Idea of Cosmopolitan Justice, Journal of

Political Philosophy, 16/3 (2008) (a critique of cosmopolitanism derived from the

absence of a institutions capable of constituting/ realizing principles of justice.)

- Rex Martin and David Reify (eds.), Rawlss Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia?

(Blackwell, 2006)

- Richard Miller, Moral Closeness and World Community in The Ethics of Assistance:Morality and the Distant Needy (Cambridge UP, 2004)

- Richard Miller, Globalizing Justice: The Ethics of Poverty and Power (Oxford UP,

2010)

-Darrel Moellendorf, Constructing the Law of Peoples Pacific Philosophical Quarterly

77:2 (1996)

See responses to Nagel by A. J. Julius (Nagels Atlas) and Joshua Cohen & Charles

Sabel (Extra Rempublicam, Nulla Justicia) in Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34/2

(2006)]

- Terry Nardin, Law, Morality, and the Relations of States (Princeton UP, 1983) [A

classic discussion]

- Philip Pettit, Rawlss Political Ontology,Politics, Philosophy, & Economics, 4 (2005)- Andrea Sangiovanni, Global Justice, Reciprocity, and the State, Philosophy & Public

Affairs, 35/1 (2007) [Another statist argument, focusing on the issue of reciprocity]

- Hent Kalmo & Quentin Skinner (eds.), Sovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present

and Future of a Contested Concept(Cambridge UP, 2010), esp. ch. 1,4,5,8,12

- Stephen Macedo, Just Patriotism?Philosophy & Social Criticism, 37 (2011)

- Kok-Chor Tan, Justice Without Borders: Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism, and

Patriotism (CUP, 2004)

- Maurizio Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism

(Oxford UP, 1995)

- Thomas Weiss, What Happened to the Idea of World Government? International

Studies Quarterly, 53 (2009) [Questioning why earlier debates about a world state have

been forgotten]

- Alexander Wendt, Why a World State is Inevitable, European Journal of

International Relations, 9 (2003) [An intriguing argument, from a leading IR scholar,

about the direction of world politics]


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Distributive Justice and Global Poverty

Sample Questions

- What are the strengths and weaknesses of Pogges argument about negative duties?

- Are social connections and/or social cooperation relevant to duties of distributive

justice?- Are post-colonial concerns about global distributive justice valid?

Core Reading

- Gillian Brock, Taxation and Global Justice: Closing the Gap Between Theory and

Practice,Journal of Social Philosophy, 39/2 (2008) : 161-184

- Garret Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor, Psychology

Today, 8 (1974): 38-43 [C]

www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping_poor.ht

ml

- (See also this satire: Harrett Gardin [Michael Patton] , Game Preserve Ethics: The Case

for Hunting the Poor, Southwest Philosophy Review (2005): 103-110 [C])- Alison Jaggar, Saving Amina: Global Justice for Women and Intercultural

Dialogue,Ethics & International Affairs, 19/3 (2005): 55-76

- Chandran Kukuthas, The Mirage of Global Justice, Social Philosophy & Policy, 23

(2006): 1-28

- Kok-Chor Tan, Poverty and Global Distributive Justice in Bell (ed.), Ethics and

World Politics

- Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, esp. chs. 4,8,9

- Andrew Robinson and Simon Tormey, Resisting Global Justice: Disrupting the

Colonial Emancipatory Logic of the West, Third World Quarterly, (2009): 1395-1409

[C]- Henry Shue, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2nd ed.


- Iris Marion Young, Responsibility and Global Justice: A Social Connection Model,

Social Philosophy & Policy, 23 (2006): 102-30

- Peter Singer, One World: The Ethics of Globalization, 2nd ed. (Yale UP, 2004)

- Laura Valentini, Justice in a Globalized World: A Normative Framework (Oxford UP,

2011) ch.8 (also ch. 6-7)


- Andrew Altman and Christopher Heath Wellman, A Liberal Theory of InternationalJustice (Oxford UP, 2009), esp. ch. 6 [A libertarian account, sceptical of global

redistribution]

- Christian Barry and Thomas Pogge (eds.), Global Institutions and Responsibilities:

Achieving Global Justice (Blackwell, 2006), esp. chs. 2,4,6,8, 13

- Charles Beitz (ed.), Global Basic Rights (Oxford UP, 2009) [Dedicated to Shues work]

- Daniel Butt,Rectifying Historical Injustice (Oxford UP, 2008)

- Simon Caney, Global Justice: From Theory to Practice, Globalizations, 3/2 (2006)

- Stephen M. Gardiner, The Real Tragedy of the Commons Philosophy and Public

Affairs 30/4 (2001) (Another, more sympathetic rejoinder to Hardin)

- David Held and Aysa Kaye (eds.), Global Poverty: Patterns and Explanations (Polity,

2007)


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- Alison M. Jaggar (ed.), Thomas Pogge and His Critics (Polity, 2010), esp. the chapter

by J. Cohen

- Thomas McCarthy, Race, Empire, and the Idea of Human Development (Cambridge

UP, 2009), esp. chs. 1,6,7

- Martha Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach

(Cambridge UP, 2000)- Martha Nussbaum, Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach

(Harvard UP, 2011) [A useful introduction to the influential capabilities position]

- Thomas Pogge (ed.),Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes What to the

Poor? (Oxford UP, 2007) [An excellent volume]

- Thomas Pogge, Politics as Usual: What Lies behind the Pro-Poor Rhetoric (Polity,

2010)

- Mathias Risse, On Global Justice (Princeton UP, 2012)

- Amartya Sen,Development as Freedom (Oxford UP, 2001) [An influential volume]

- Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence and Morality, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1 (1972)

[Classic essay]

- Peter Unger,Living High and Letting Die, (Oxford UP, 1996) ch. 1 & ch. 3 (companionto Singer)

- Thomas Weiss, What Happened to the Idea of World Government? International

Studies Quarterly, 53 (2009)

- Leif Wenar, Property Rights and the Resource Curse,Philosophy & Public Affairs, 36

(2008) [Explores the normative implications of the resource curse]

- Lea Ypi, Christian Barry, and Robert Goodin, Associative Duties, Global Justice, and

the Colonies,Philosophy & Public Affairs, 37/2 (2009)


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Global Democracy and Citizenship

Sample Questions

- What differentiates cosmopolitan democracy from projects to create a world state?

- Is it possibleor desirableto democratise international institutions?

- Is the concept of citizenship intelligible outside the context of the state?

Core Reading

- Daniele Archibugi, The Global Commonwealth of Citizens: Towards Cosmopolitan

Democracy (Princeton UP, 2008) OR ALTERNATIVELYDavid Held, Global Covenant:

The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus (Polity, 2004)

- Seyla Benhabib, Citizens, Residents, and Aliens in a Changing World: Political

Membership in the Global Era, Social Research, 66 (1999): 709-44 [C]

- James Bohman, Democracy and World Politics in Bell (ed.), Ethics and World

Politics

- Caney,Justice Beyond Borders, ch. 5

- Robert Dahl, Can International Organizations be Democratic? A Skeptics View in IanShapiro & Casiano Hacker-Cordon (eds.), Democracys Edges (Cambridge UP, 1999)

[C]

- Delanty, The Cosmopolitan Imagination, chs. 4,8

- John Dryzek, Transnational Democracy in an Insecure World, International Political

Science Review, 27 (2006): 101-20

- Fraser, Scales of Justice, esp. chs. 5 & 6

- Pogge, World Poverty and Human Rights, ch. 6

- William Scheuerman, The Realist Case for Global Reform (Polity, 2010)

- Iris Marion Young,Inclusion and Democracy (Oxford UP, 2000), ch. 7 [C]


- Daniele Archibugi, David Held, & Martin Kohler (eds), Re-Imagining Political

Community: Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy (Polity, 1998)

- Daniele Archibugi, Matthias Koenig-Archibugi, and Raffaele Marchetti (eds.), Global

Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (Cambridge UP, 2011) [An excellent

new collection of essays]

- James Bohman,Democracy Across Borders: From Demos to Demoi (MIT Press, 2007)

- Luis Cabrera, The Practice of Global Citizenship (Oxford UP, 2011)

- Marc Doucet, Global Justice and Democracy: The Anti-Globalisation Movement

(Routledge, 2010)

- John Dryzek, Deliberative Global Politics: Discourse and Democracy in a DividedWorld(Polity, 2006)

- Carol Gould, Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004)

- Robert Goodin, Global Democracy: In the Beginning, International Theory, 2/2

(2010)

- Nicolas Guilhot, The Democracy Makers: Human Rights and the Politics of Global

Order (Columbia University Press, 2005) [A critical account of Western democracy-

promotion]

- David Held, Democracy and the Global Order: From the Modern State to

Cosmopolitan Governance (Polity, 1995) [One of the first arguments for CD]

- Bonnie Honig, Between Decision and Deliberation: Political Paradox in Democratic

Theory, American Political Science Review, 101/1 (2007) [post-structural critique ofdeliberative democracy]


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- Matthias Koenig-Archibugi, Is Global Democracy Possible? European Journal of

International Relations, 16 (2011)

- Andrew Kuper, Democracy Beyond Borders: Justice and Representation in Global

Institutions (OUP, 2005)

- Andrew Linklater, The Transformation of Political Community: Ethical Foundations of

the Post-Westphalian Era (Polity, 1998) [A broadly Habermasian work by a leading IRCritical Theorist]

- Ian Shapiro, The State of Democratic Theory (Princeton UP, 2003) [Overview of

democratic theory]

- Jan Aart Scholte (ed.), Building Global Democracy? Civil Society and Accountable

Global Governance (Cambridge UP, 2011)

- Torbjorn Tannsjo, Global Democracy: The Case for a World Government (Edinburgh

UP, 2008)

- Danilo Zolo, Cosmopolis: Prospects for World Government (Polity, 1997) [A neo-

Schmittian critique]


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Section II: Human Rights

The lectures in this section introduce and assess the idea of human rights. The sequence

opens with a general introduction to the notion of a human right (Lecture 7). Lecture 8

focuses on recent attempts to develop a political conception of rights in order to address

concerns about the philosophical foundations of the idea. Lecture 9 examines furtherattempts to overcome the problem of foundations, concentrating in particular on the

notion of human rights as practices. Lecture 10, meanwhile, introduces some feminist,

Marxist and post-colonial criticisms of liberal conceptions of human rights.

General Readings for Section II

- Charles Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2009)

- Jack Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. (Cornell UP,

2003) OR ALTERNATIVELY James Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights, 2nd ed.

(Blackwell, 2006)

- Fuyuki Kurasawa, The Work of Global Justice: Human Rights as Practices (Cambridge

UP, 2007)

- Universal Declaration of Human Rights available at

http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/

Donnelly and Nickel can both serve as lucid introductory overviews of the idea of human

rights, though both also defend their own distinct views on the subject. Beitz develops a

sophisticated political conception of human rights. Kurasawa presents a different

perspective, mixing sociology and political thought to move away from abstract

conceptions of rights in order to focus on how social actors utilise rights claims to seek

emancipation.


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What are Human Rights?

Sample Questions

- What are human rights?

- What distinguishes human rights from other kinds of rights?

- Does the recent history of the human rights movement tell us anything important aboutthe concept of human rights?

Core Reading

- Duncan Ivison, Human Rights in Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, chs. 1-3

- Marie-Bndicte Dembour, What Are Human Rights? Four Schools of Thought,

Human Rights Quarterly, 32/1 (2010): 1-20

- Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History (Harvard UP, 2010)

- Nickel,Making Sense of Human Rights, chs. 1-5


Histories of (Human) Rights:

- Robin Blackburn, Reclaiming Human Rights, New Left Review (May-June 2011) [an

extended critical review of Moyn]

- Annabel Brett, Liberty, Right, and Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic

Thought(Cambridge UP, 2003)

- Roland Burke, Decolonization and the Evolution of International Human Rights

(Pennsylvania UP, 2010)

- Mary Ann Gledon, A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights (Random House, 2001)- Lynn Hunt,Inventing Human Rights: A History (Norton, 2007)

- Johannes Morsink, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and

Intent(1999)

- Richard Tuck, Theories of Natural Rights: Their Origin and Development (Cambridge

UP, 1981)

- Jay Winter,Dreams of Peace and Freedom: Utopian Moments in the Twentieth Century

(Yale, 2007), ch. 4

Theoretical and Empirical Accounts of Human Rights

- Allen Buchanan,Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force (Oxford UP, 2010),

esp. Part I- Sabine C. Carey, Mark Gibney & Steven C. Poe, The Politics of Human Rights: The

Quest for Dignity (Cambridge UP, 2010) [an introduction, focusing on empirical issues]

- Thomas Christiano, An Instrumental Argument for a Human Right to Democracy,

Philosophy & Public Affairs, 39 (2011)

- Joshua Cohen, Is there a Human Right to Democracy? in Christine Sypnowich (ed.),

The Egalitarian Conscience: Essays in Honour of G. A. Cohen (Oxford UP, 2006)

- Tim Dunne and Nicholas J. Wheeler (eds.), Human Rights and Global Politics

(Cambridge UP, 1999), esp. chs. 2 & 3 [A useful collection mixing IR and political

theory]

- Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously (Harvard UP, 1978) [A major theorist of

rights]


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- William Edmundson, An Introduction to Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004) [A good

philosophical introduction]

- David P. Forsythe, Human Rights in International Relations, 2nd ed. (Cambridge UP,

2006) [A useful textbook for IR students]

- Pablo Gilabert, Humanist and Political Perspectives on Human Rights, Political

Theory (2011)- Michael Goodhart (ed.), Human Rights: Theory and Practice (Oxford UP, 2009), esp.

chs. 1-4, 7 [An excellent interdisciplinary textbook]

- James Griffin, First Steps in an Account of Human Rights, European Journal of

Philosophy, 9 (2001)

- James Griffin, On Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2009) [An important, complex

philosophical exploration; see also the symposium on Griffin inEthics (July 2010)]

- H.L.A. Hart, Are There Any Natural Rights? Philosophical Review, 64 (1955)

[seminal article]

- Susan James, Rights as Enforceable Claims in Andrew Kuper (ed.), Global

Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights? (Routledge, 2005)

- George Kateb,Human Dignity (Harvard UP, 2011)- Duncan Ivison, Rights (McGill-Queens UP, 2007) [A good short introduction]

- Julie Mertus, Bait and Switch: Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy (Routledge,

2004) [a useful account of how human rights are deployed in foreign policy]

- Johannes Morsink, Inherent Human Rights: Philosophical Roots of the Universal

Declaration (2009)

- James Nickel, Poverty and Rights,Philosophical Quarterly, 5 (2005)

- James Nickel, Rethinking Indivisibility: Towards a Theory of Supporting Relations

between Human Rights,Human Rights Quarterly, 30 (2008)

- Michael J. Perry, The Idea of Human Rights: Four Enquiries (Oxford UP, 1998)

- Joseph Raz, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford UP, 1986) [a leading theorist of rights]

- Joseph Raz, Human Rights without Foundations in Samantha Besson and John

Tasioulas (eds.), The Philosophy of International Law (Oxford UP, 2010)

- Mathias Risse, Common Ownership of the Earth as a Non-Parochial Standpoint: A

Contingent Derivation of Human Rights,European Journal of Philosophy, 17/2 (2009)

- Amartya Sen, Elements of a Theory of Human Rights, Philosophy & Public Affairs,

32/4 (2004)

- Jeremy Waldron, Liberal Rights: Collected Papers, 1981-1991 (Cambridge UP, 1993)

[important essays by a leading theorist]

- Jeremy Waldron (ed.), Theories of Rights (Oxford UP, 1984) [A selection of classic

essays on rights]

- Jeremy Waldron, The Role of Rights in Practical Reasoning: Rights versus Needs,The Journal of Ethics 4 (2000)

- Leif Wenar, The Nature of Rights,Philosophy and Public Affairs, 33 (2005


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Human Rights: Political Conceptions

Sample Questions

- What does Hannah Arendt mean by the right to have rights?

- Do human rights need secure philosophical foundations?

- Should we insist on a minimal conception of human rights?

Core Reading

- Hannah Arendt, The Decline of the Nation-State and the end of the Rights of Man in

Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism ([1951] available in multiple editions) [C]

- Beitz, The Idea of Human Rights

- Seyla Benhabib, Claiming Rights across Borders: International Human Rights and

Democratic Sovereignty,American Political Science Review, 103/4 (2009): 691-704

- Joshua Cohen, Minimalism About Human Rights: The Most We Can Hope For?

Journal of Political Philosophy, 12/2 (2004): 190-213

- Jean Cohen, Rethinking Human Rights, Democracy, and Sovereignty in the Age of

Globalization,Political Theory, 36/4 (2008): 578-606

- Michael Ignatieff,Human Rights as Politics and Idolatry (Princeton UP, 2001)

- Christian Reus-Smit, Struggles for Individual Rights and the Expansion of the

International System,International Organization, 65/2 (2011): 207-42

- Laura Valentini, In What Sense are Human Rights Political? A Preliminary

Exploration,Political Studies, 60/1 (2012): 180-194


- Brooke Ackerly, Universal Human Rights in a World of Difference (Cambridge UP,

2008) [a subtle feminist account]

- Seyla Benhabib, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, new ed. (Rowman &Littlefield, 2003) [includes an influential critique of Arendt on rights]

- Peg Birmingham, Hannah Arendt and Human Rights: The Predicament of Common

Responsibility (Indiana UP, 2006)

- Allen Buchanan,Human Rights, Legitimacy, and the Use of Force (Oxford UP, 2010)

- Margaret Canovan, Hannah Arendt: A Reinterpretation of Her Political Thought

(Cambridge UP, 2003) [An influential interpretation of her thought]

- Jeffrey C. Isaac, A New Guarantee on Earth: Hannah Arendt on Human Dignity and

the Politics of Human Rights,American Political Science Review, 90 (1996)

- Benjamin Gregg,Human-Rights as Social Construction (2012)

- Duncan Ivison, Republican Human Rights, European Journal of Political Theory, 9

(2010) [challenges view that republicans do not have a theory of human rights]- Andrew Kuper (ed.), Global Responsibilities: Who Must Deliver on Human Rights?

(Routledge, 2005) [a useful collection of essays on who should uphold rights

- John Lechte and Saul Newman, Agamben, Arendt and Human Rights: Bearing

Witness to the Human,European Journal of Social Theory (2012)

- Onora ONeill, The Dark Side of Human Rights,International Affairs, 81 (2005)

- Patricia Owens, Refugees and the Right to Have Rights in Alexander Betts & Gil

Loescher (eds.), Refugees in International Relations (Oxford UP, 2010) [Arendtian

reflections]

- Serena Parekh, Resisting Dull and Torpid Assent: Returning to the Debate over the

Foundations of Human Rights,Human Rights Quarterly, 29 (2007) [Arendt, again]

- Serena Parekh, Hannah Arendt and the Challenge of Modernity: A Phenomenology ofHuman Rights (Routledge, 2008)


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- Dana Villa (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt(Cambridge UP, 2000),

esp. chs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 11 [On diverse aspects of Arendts thought]

- Andrew Vincent, The Politics of Human Rights (Oxford UP, 2010) [A useful

introduction, focusing on the politics of rights]


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Relativism, Universalism & Human Rights

Sample Questions

- What is cultural (or moral) universalism?

- Does the fact that different cultures have different views on ethics invalidate theories of

universal human rights?- Is Rortys account of sentimental education a good response to the problem of

relativism?

Core Reading

- Donnelly, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, chs. 4-7

- Clifford Geertz, Anti-Anti-Relativism,American Anthropologist, 86/2 (1984): 263-78

- Kurasawa, The Work of Global Justice

- Steven Lukes,Moral Relativism (Profile, 2007)

- Nickel,Making Sense of Human Rights, ch. 11

- Michael J. Perry, Are Human Rights Universal? The Relativist Challenge and Related

Matters,Human Rights Quarterly, 19/3 (1997): 461-509

- Richard Rorty, Human Rights, Rationality and Sentimentality in Susan Hurley and

Stephen Shute (eds.), On Human Rights: The 1993 Oxford Amnesty Lectures (Basic,

1993) [C]

- Charles Taylor, Conditions of an Unforced Consensus on Human Rights in Joanne

Bauer and Daniel A. Bell (eds.), The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights

(Cambridge UP, 1999) [C]


- Michael Bacon, Richard Rorty: Pragmatism and Political Liberalism (Lexington,

2007) [Defends Rorty]- Jose-Manuel Baretto, Rorty and Human Rights: Contingency, Emotions and How to

Defend Human Rights Telling Stories, Utrecht Law Review, 7/2 (2011)

- Daniel A. Bell, East Meets West: Human Rights and Democracy in East Asia


- Richard J. Bernstein, The Pragmatic Turn (Polity, 2001), esp. ch. 10 [A good

introduction]

- Molly Cochran, Normative Theory in International Relations: A Pragmatic Approach

(Camb. UP, 1997)

- John Cook, Morality and Cultural Differences (Oxford UP, 1999) [charts a subtle

middle ground]

- Jack Donnelly, The Relative Universality of Human Rights,Human Rights Quarterly,29/2 (2007)

- Harri Englund, Human Rights and the African Poor (California UP, 2006) [an

anthropologists account, critical of abstract notions of human rights]

- Matthew Festenstein,Pragmatism and Political Theory: From Dewey to Rorty (Polity,

1997), chs. 4-6

- Matthew Festenstein & Simon Thompson (eds.), Richard Rorty: Critical Dialogues

(Polity, 2001)

- Norman Geras, Solidarity in the Conversation of Humankind: The Ungroundable

Liberalism of Richard Rorty (Verso, 1995) [A critique of Rorty]

- Gilbert Harman and Judith Jarvis Thompson, Moral Relativism and Moral Objectivity

(Blackwell, 1996) [A sophisticated debate between a leading moral relativist (Harman)and a critic]


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- David Hollinger, How Wide the Circle of the We? American Intellectuals and the

Problem of the Ethnos since World War II, American Historical Review, 98

(1993)[Contextualises Rorty]

- Martin Hollis & Steven Lukes (eds.), Rationality and Relativism (MIT, 1984) [a classic

collection]

- Michael Krauz (ed.), Relativism: Interpretation and Confrontation (Notre Dame UP,1989)

- Alastair MacIntyre,After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2nd ed. (Duckworth, 2007)

[Classic text]

- C. B. Miller, Rorty and Moral Relativism,European Journal of Philosophy, 10 (2001)

- P. K. Moser and T.L. Carson, (eds.), Moral Relativism: A Reader(Oxford UP, 2001)

[Collection of classic essays by anthropologists and philosophers]

- Susan Moller Okin, Feminism, Womens Human Rights, and Cultural Differences,

Hypatia, 13/2 (1998)

- Richard Rorty, Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism, Journal of Philosophy, 80

(1983)

- Richard Rorty, Ethics without Principles in Rorty, Philosophy and Social Hope(Penguin, 1999)

- Kelly Staples (2011) Statelessness, Sentimentality and Human Rights: A Critique of

Rortys Liberal Human Rights Culture,Philosophy and Social Criticism, 37 (2011)

- John J. Tilley, Cultural Relativism, Human Rights Quarterly, 22/2 (2000) [An

analysis and critique]

- Bernard Williams, The Truth in Relativism in Williams, Moral Luck(Cambridge UP,

1981


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Challenging Human Rights

Sample Questions

- Why are Marxists and post-colonial scholars often sceptical of human rights discourse?

- Are Women Human? (Catherine Mackinnon). Discuss.

- If human rights are the product of western imperial history, does this invalidate them?

Core Reading

- Giorgio Agamben, Beyond Human Rights in Agamben, Means without Ends: Notes

on Politics (Minnesota UP, 2000) [C]

- Jean Cohen, Sovereign Equality vs. Imperial Right: The Battle over the New World

Order, Constellations, 13/4 (2006): 485-505

- Costas Douzinas, Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of

Cosmopolitanism (Routledge, 2007)

- Raymond Geuss, History and Illusion in Politics (Cambridge UP, 2001), esp. pp. 131-

53 [C]

- Catherine MacKinnon, Womens Status, Mens States in MacKinnon, Are Women

Human and Other International Dialogues (Harvard UP, 2007) [see also her brief Are

Women Human?] [C]

- Makau Mutua, Savages, Victims, and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights,

Harvard International Law Journal, 42/1 (2001): 201-245 [C]

- Anthony Pagden, Human Rights, Natural Rights, and Europes Imperial Legacy,

Political Theory, 31/2 (2003): 171-199

- James Tully, Lineages of Contemporary Imperialism in Duncan Kelly (ed.), The

Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought(Oxford UP, 2009) [C]

Supplementary Reading- Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception (Chicago UP, 2005) [Mixing Foucault and

Schmitt]

- Talal Asad, What Do Human Rights Do? An Anthropological Enquiry, Theory and

Event, 4/4 (2000)

- Daniel Bell, East Meets West: Human Rights and Democracy in East Asia (Princeton

UP, 2006)

- Bill Bowring, The Degradation of the International Legal Order (Routledge, 2007),

esp. chs. 6-8

- Wendy Brown, Suffering Rights as Paradoxes, Constellations, 7 (2000)

- Costas Douzinas, The End of Human Rights: Critical Legal Thought at the Fin-de-

Siecle (Hart, 2000)- Raymond Geuss,Philosophy and Real Politics, pp. 60-70

- Siba NZatioula Grovogui, Mind, Body, and Gut! Elements of a Postcolonial Human

Rights Discourse in Brawen Gruffyd Jones (ed.), Decolonizing International Relations

(Rowman & Littlefield, 2006)

- David Kennedy, The Dark Sides of Virtue: Reassessing International Humanitarianism


- Margaret Kohn, Postcolonialism in Duncan Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- John Lechte and Saul Newman, Agamben, Arendt and Human Rghts: Bearing Witness

to the Human,European Journal of Social Theory (2012)

- Susan Marks, Human Rights and Root Causes,Modern Law Review, 74/1 (2011)

- Makau Mutua,Human Rights: A Political & Cultural Critique (U Penn Press, 2002)


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- Makau Mutua, Standard Setting in Human Rights: Critique and Prognosis, Human

Rights Quarterly, 29/3 (2007)

- Anne Orford,Reading Humanitarian Intervention: Human Rights and the Use of Force

in International Law (Oxford UP, 2003) [By a critical legal theorist]

- Anthony Pagden, Stoicism, Cosmopolitanism, and the Legacy of Europes

Imperialism, Constellations, 7 (2000)- Jacques Ranciere, Who is the Subject of the Rights of Man? South Atlantic Quarterly,

103 (2004)

- Niamh Reilly, Womens Human Rights: Seeking Gender Justice in a Globalising Age

(Polity, 2009)

- Randall Williams, The Divided World: Human Rights and its Violence (Minnesota UP,

2010) [On the imperial division of humanity into those deemed worthy of rights and

those who are not]

- Slavoj Zizeck, Against Human Rights, New Left Review, 34 (2005) [on an imperial

theme]


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Section III: The Ethics of War

This section explores some key issues in the contemporary debates on the ethics of war.

Lecture 11 discusses how, and to what extent, ethical arguments apply in warfare, and in

particular whether the experience of war renders ethical discourse irrelevant. Lectures 12

and 13 outline the basic contours of the Just War tradition, the main body of thought forthinking about the ethics of political violence in the Western world. Lectures 14 and 15

examine a range of arguments about two pressing and controversial areas: humanitarian

intervention and terrorism.

General Reading for Section III

- Hannah Arendt, On Violence (Mariner, 1970)

- Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (Penguin Classics, 2001)

- Cecile Fabre, Cosmopolitan War(Oxford UP, 2012)

- Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical

Illustrations, 4th ed. (Basic Books, 2006) [Earlier editions are also usable]

WalzersJust and Unjust Wars (originally published in 1976), reformulates the just war

tradition by attempting to secularise it. It is the most influential recent discussion of the

ethics of war. Fabre offers a cosmopolitan interpretation of the ethics of war, challenging

much of the Just War tradition. Arendts short book offers a novel conceptual discussion

of violence and power, as well as a critique of certain forms of existential politics.

Fanons volume, written in the context of colonial oppression, is a powerful challenge to

complacent western views on conflict, and it (in)famously defends violence as a means to

challenge domination.


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Debating the Ethics of War

Sample Questions

- Do those who have experienced violence have a privileged position in discussing it?

- Is pacifism a coherent and defensible position?

- How does Walzer justify the validity of the just war tradition?

Core Reading

- Andrew Alexandra, Political Pacifism, Social Theory and Practice, 29/4 (2003):589-

606 [C]

- Perry Anderson, Arms and Rights: The Adjustable Centre, New Left Review, 1/231

(1998): 5-42 [reprinted in Anderson, Spectrum: From Left to Right in the World of Ideas

(2005)] [C]

- Paul Fussell, Thank God for the Atom Bomb and subsequent exchange with Walzer in

New Republic (1981) [Reprinted in Fussell,Killing in Verse and Prose (1988)] [C]

- Patricia Owens, The Ethics of War: Critical Alternatives in Bell (ed.), Ethics and

World Politics

- Michael Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 1-3


- Peter Brock, Varieties of Pacifism: A Survey from Antiquity to the Outset of the

Twentieth Century (Syracuse UP, 1998)

- Judith Butler,Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (Verso, 2004) [a

work by a leading gender theorist]

- Adriana Cavarero, Horrorism: Naming Contemporary Violence (Columbia UP, 2011)

[A dense work of critical theory]

- Martin Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War(Oxford UP, 1987)- Ian Clark, Waging War: A Philosophical Introduction (Oxford UP, 1988)

- A. J. Coates, The Ethics of War(Manchester UP, 1997)

- David Cortright,Peace: A History of Movements and Ideas (Cambridge UP, 2008)

- Michael Doyle, Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism and Socialism (Norton,

1997)

- Andrew Fialia, The Just War Myth: The Moral Illusions of War(Rowman & Littlefield,

2008) [A pacifist critique of the Just War tradition]

- John Finnis, The Ethics of War and Peace in the Catholic Natural Law Tradition in

Terry Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace (Princeton UP, 1998) [By a leading

Catholic thinker]

- Elizabeth Frazer and Kimberley Hutchings, On Politics and Violence: Arendt contraFanon, Contemporary Political Theory, 7 (2008)

- Jonathan Glover,Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century (Pimlico, 2001)

[a powerful philosophical meditation on the twentieth century]

- Michael Gross,Moral Dilemmas of Modern War(Cambridge UP, 2010)

- Robert Holmes, On War and Morality (Princeton, 1989) [on pacifism]

- Kimberley Hutchings, Feminist Ethics and Political Violence, International Politics,

44/3 (2007)

- Elizabeth Frazer and Kimberly Hutchings, Argument and Rhetoric in the Justification

of Political Violence,European Journal of Political Theory, 6 (2007)

- Larry May (ed.), War: Essays in Political Philosophy (Cambridge UP, 2008) [An

excellent collection]


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- Karma Nabulsi, Traditions of War: Occupation, Resistance and the Law (Oxford UP,

2005) [includes an interesting discussion of martialism]

- Thomas Nagel, War and Massacre, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1 (1972) [A classic

essay]

- Terry Nardin (ed.), The Ethics of War and Peace: Religious and Secular Perspectives

(Princeton UP, 1996)- Richard Norman,Ethics, Killing and War(Cambridge UP, 1995)

- Brian Orend, War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective (Wilfrid Laurier

UP, 2000)

- Patricia Owens,Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of

Hannah Arendt(Oxford UP, 2007) [Very good account of Arendts views]

- Gregory Reichberg, M., Henrik Syse, and Endre Begby (eds.), The Ethics of War:

Classic and Contemporary Readings (Blackwell, 2006)

- Bruce Robbins, Perpetual War: Cosmopolitanism from the Viewpoint of Violence

(Duke UP, 2012)

- David Rodin The Ethics of War: State of the Art, Journal of Applied Philosophy, 23/3

(2006) [a useful overview of contemporary philosophical trends]- Cheyney Ryan, War, Sacrifice, and Personal Responsibility (The Chickenhawk

Syndrome) (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009] [a pacifist critique]

- Cheyney Ryan, The One Who Burns Herself for Peace, Hypatia, 9 (1994) [on the

extremes of non-violent resistance]

- Elaine Scarry, The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World(Oxford UP,

2005) [An extraordinary account of suffering and pain]

- Special Issue: Just War in the Shadow of 9/11,European Journal of Political Theory,

11/2 (2012)

- Uwe Steinhoff, On the Ethics of War and Terrorism (OUP, 2007) [A sophisticated

discussion]

- J. Teichman, Pacifism and the Just War: A Philosophical Examination (Blackwell,

1986)

- James Turner Johnson,Morality and Contemporary Warfare (Yale UP, 2001)


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The Jus ad Bellum and the Prevention/Pre-emption Distinction

Sample Questions

- Do new technologies render the traditional pre-emption/prevention distinction obsolete?

- Is Walzers attempt to ground the just war tradition on secular foundations successful?

- Should feminists reject the just war tradition?

Core Reading

- Michael Doyle, Striking First: Preemption and Prevention in International Conflict

(Princeton UP, 2008), esp. pp. 3-96

- National Security Strategy of the United States (2002)

http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/nsc/nss/2002/

- Nicholas Rengger, The Ethics of War: The Just War Tradition in Bell (ed.), Ethics

and World Politics

-Neta C. Crawford, The Justice of Preemption and Preventive War Doctrines in Mark

Evans (ed.),Just War Theory: A Reappraisal(Edinburgh UP, 2005) [C]

- David Luban, Preventive War,Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32/3 (2004): 207-48- Barack Obamas Nobel Peace Prize speech (2009):

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/obama-lecture_en.html

- Laura Sjoberg, Why Just War Needs Feminism Now More than Ever, International

Politics, 45/1 (2008): 1-18 [C]

- Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 1-7

- Michael Walzer, The Triumph of Just War Theory and the Dangers of Success,

Social Research, 69/4 (2002): 925-943 [Reprinted in Walzer, Arguing About War(Yale

UP, 2004) [C]


Historical & Comparative Dimensions:

- Alex Bellamy,Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq (Polity, 2006)

- Alia Brahimi,Jihad and Just War in the War on Terror(Oxford UP, 2010)

- Torkel Brekke (ed.), The Ethics of War in Asian Civilizations (Routledge, 2009)

- John Kelsay,Arguing the Just War in Islam (Harvard UP, 2007)

- John Kelsay & James Turner Johnson (eds.), Just War and Jihad: Historical and

Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions

(Greenwood, 1991)

- James Turner Johnson, Just War Tradition and the Restraint of War: A Moral and

Historical Inquiry (Princeton UP, 1981)- James Turner Johnson, Ideology, Reason and the Limitation of War: Religious and

Secular Concepts, 1200-1740 (Princeton UP, 1975)

- Richard Sorabji and David Rodin (eds.), The Ethics of War: Shared Problems in

Different Traditions (Ashgate, 2006)

- Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International

Order from Grotius to Kant(Oxford UP, 1999)

Recent Theoretical Accounts:

- Allen Buchanan, Institutionalizing the Just War, Philosophy & Public Affairs, 34/1

(2006)

- Allen Buchanan and Robert O. Keohane, The Preventive Use of Force: ACosmopolitan Institutional Proposal,Ethics & International Affairs 18/1 (2004)


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- C. A. J. Coady, Morality and Political Violence (Cambridge UP, 2008) [A major

secular account]

- Neta Crawford, Just War Theory and the US Counterterror War, Perspectives on

Politics, 1 (2003)

- Mark Evans (ed.), Just War Theory: A Reappraisal(Edinburgh UP, 2005) [Useful set

of essays]- Jean Bethke Elshtain, (ed.),Just War Theory (Blackwell, 1992) [A collection of classic

texts]

- Jean Bethke Elshtain, Just War against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a

Violent World (Basic Books, 2003) [See the round-table in International Relations, 21

(2007)] [A prominent American JW theorist defends the War in Iraq]

- Charles Guthrie & Michael Quinlan, Just War: Ethics in Modern Warfare

(Bloomsbury, 2007) [The former head of the British Army and the civilian head of the

Ministry of Defence]

- Eric Heinze and Brent Steele (eds.), Ethics, Authority, and War: Non-State Actors and

the Just War Tradition (Palgrave, 2009)

- David C. Hendrickson, In Defense of Realism: A Commentary on Just and UnjustWars,Ethics and International Affairs, 11 (1997) [A realist responds to Walzer]

- Larry May, War Crimes and Just War (Cambridge UP, 2007) [Addressed from a legal

angle]

- Jeff McMahan, Just Cause for War,Ethics and International Affairs, 19 (2005)

- Oliver ODonovan, The Just War Revisited(Cambridge UP, 2003) [a recent theological

argument]

- Cian ODriscoll, The Renegotiation of the Just War Tradition and the Right to War in

the Twenty-First Century (Palgrave, 2008) [on the post 9/11 uses and abuses of the just

war]

- Paul Ramsey, The Just War: Force and Responsibility (Scribners, 1968) [a theological

account]

-Nicholas Rengger, The Judgement of War,Review of International Studies, 31 (2005)

- Laura Sjoberg, Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq: A Feminist Reformulation of Just

War Theory (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006)

- Henry Shue and David Rodin (eds.), Preemption: Military Action and Moral

Justification (Oxford UP, 2007) [an excellent collection of essays]


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Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum

Sample Questions

- Does the just war tradition require a separate category of thejus post bellum?

- Should we collapse the distinction between the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello?

Discuss with reference to the moral status of combatants.- Is cosmopolitanism compatible with the just war tradition?

Core Reading

- Gary Bass, Jus Post Bellum,Philosophy & Public Affairs, 32/4 (2004):384-412

- Simon Caney,Justice Beyond Borders, ch. 6

- Jeff McMahan,Killing in War(Oxford UP, 2009)

- Stefano Reccia, Just and Unjust Postwar Reconstruction: How Much External

Interference can be Justified?Ethics & International Affairs, 23/2 (2009): 165-87

- Cheyney Ryan, Moral Equality, Victimhood and the Sovereignty-Symmetry Problem

in David Rodin & Henry Shue (eds.), Just and Unjust Warriors: The Moral and Legal

Status of Soldiers (Oxford UP, 2008) [C]

- Michael Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars, esp. chs. 8-13, 16

- Maja Zehfuss, Killing Civilians: Thinking the Practice of War, British Journal of

Politics and International Relations, 14/3 (2012): 423-40


- Alex Bellamy, The Responsibilities of Victory: Jus Post Bellum and the Just War,

Review of International Studies, 34/4 (2008)

- C.A.J. Coady, Terrorism, Morality, andSupreme Emergency,Ethics, 114 (2003)

- David Estlund, On Following Orders in an Unjust War, Journal of Political

Philosophy, 15 (2007)- Cecile Fabre, In Defence of Mercenarism, British Journal of Political Science, 40

(2010)

- Sohail Hashmi & Steven Lee (eds.), Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction


- Thomas Hurka, Proportionality in the Morality of War, Philosophy & Public Affairs,

33 (2005)

- A. C. Grayling, Among the Dead Cities: Is the Targeting of Civilians in War Ever

Justified? (2006)

- Gregory Kavka,Moral Paradoxes of Nuclear Deterrence (Cambridge UP, 1988)

- Seth Lazar, Responsibility, Risk and Killing in Self-Defense,Ethics, 119 (2009)

- Seth Lazar, Scepticism about Jus Post Bellum in Larry May and Andrew Forcehimes(eds.)Morality, Jus Post Bellum, and International Law (Cambridge UP, 2012)

- Steven Lee,Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons (Cambridge UP, 1993)

- Alison McIntyre, Doing Away with Double Effect,Ethics, 111 (2001)

- Joseph Nye,Nuclear Ethics (Macmillan, 1986) [A standard account]

- Brian Orend, Is there a Supreme Emergency Exemption? in Mark Evans (ed.), Just

War Theory: A Reappraisal(Edinburgh UP, 2005)

- Daniel Philpott, Just and Unjust Peace: An Ethic of Political Reconciliation (Oxford

UP, 2012)

- Igor Primoratz (ed.), Civilian Immunity in War (Oxford UP, 2010) [state of the art

essays]

- Igor Primoratz, Civilian Immunity, Supreme Emergency, and Moral Disaster, Journalof Ethics, 11 (2010) [Develops a significantly less permissive view of SE than Walzer]


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- Paul Rynard & David P. Shugarman (eds.) Cruelty & Deception: The Controversy over

Dirty Hands in Politics (Broadview, 1999)

- David Rodin, War and Self-Defence (Oxford UP, 2002) [a sophisticated cosmopolitan

critique]

- Henry Shue (ed.),Nuclear Deterrence and Moral Restraint(Cambridge UP, 1989)

- Michael Walzer, Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands, Philosophy & PublicAffairs, 2 (1973) [A classic essay, but see his modified view in Arguing About War, ch.

3]

- P.A. Woodward (ed.), The Doctrine of Double Effect: Philosophers Debate a

Controversial Moral Principle (Notre Dame UP, 2001)

- Maja Zehfuss, Targeting: Precision and the Production of Ethics, European Journal of

International Relations 17, no. 3(2011)


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On Humanitarianism and Humanitarian Intervention

Sample Questions

- What differentiates humanitarian intervention from liberal imperialism?

- Have the reasons for humanitarian intervention changed over time, and if so, what does

this tell us about the character of the international system?- What is humanitarian reason (Didier Fassin) and does the idea help to shed light on

the phenomenon of humanitarian intervention?

Core Reading

- Didier Fassin, Humanitarianism as a Politics of Life,Public Culture, 19/3 (2007): 499

- Martha Finnemore, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs about the Use of

Force (Cornell UP, 2003)

- Anthony Lang, Humanitarian Intervention in Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- Mahmood Mamdani, Responsibility to Protect or Right to Punish?, Journal of

Intervention and Statebuilding, 4/1 (2010): 53-67 [C]

- Fernando Tson, The Liberal Case for Humanitarian Intervention in J. Holzgrefe et al.

(eds.), Humanitarian Intervention : Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge

UP, 2003) [C]

- Michael Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars, ch. 6

- Michael Walzer, The Politics of Rescue, Social Research, 62 (1994): 53-66

[Reprinted in Walzer,Arguing About War(Yale UP, 2004)] [C]

- Michael Walzer, The Case Against our Attack on Libya, New Republic (20 March

2011) [on-line]


- William Bain,Between Anarchy and Society: Trusteeship and the Obligations of Power(Oxford UP, 2003)

- Michael Barnett, The International Humanitarian Order(Routledge, 2009)

- Alex Bellamy and Sara Davies, Politics, Law and the Responsibility to Protect: From

Concept to Practice (Routledge, 2010)

- David Campbell, Why Fight: Humanitarianism, Principles and Poststructuralism,

Millennium, 27 (1998) [a post-structuralist defence of intervention, i the context of the

Bosnian war]

- Deen Chatterjee and Don Scheid (eds.), Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge

UP, 2003)

- Neta Crawford, Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and

Humanitarian Intervention (Cambridge UP, 2002) [Mixing political theory andconstructivist IR]

- Didier Fassin, Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present (California UP,

2011)

- J. Holzgrefe & Robert Keohane (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and

Political Dilemmas (Cambridge UP, 2003), chs. 1,2,3,4 & 8

- Anthony Lang,Agency and Ethics: The Politics of Military Intervention (SUNY Press,

2002)

- Catherine Lu, Just and Unjust Interventions in World Politics: Public and Private

(Palgrave, 2008)

- Rama Mani and Thomas G. Weiss (eds.), Responsibility to Protect: Perspectives from

the Global South (Routledge, 2011)


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- Anne Orford,Reading Humanitarian Intervention: Human Rights and the Use of Force

in International Law (Oxford UP, 2003) [By a critical legal theorist]

- James Pattison, Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility To Protect: Who

Should Intervene? (Oxford UP, 2010)

- Brendan Simms and D. J. P. Trim (eds.), Humanitarian Intervention: A History

(Cambridge UP, 2011) [On why humanitarian intervention isnt really a newphenomenon]

- Fernando Tesn, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality, 2nd

ed. (Transnational Publishers, 1997) [A prominent liberal defence of intervention]

- John Vincent,Non-Intervention and International Order(Princeton UP, 1974) [English

School arg.]

- Thomas Weiss,Humanitarian Intervention (Polity, 2007) [A good short introduction to

the topic]

- Nicholas Wheeler, Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International

Society (Oxford UP, 2003) [An English School account, defending a solidarist position]

- Danilo Zolo,Invoking Humanity: War, Law, and Global Order(Polity, 2002)


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The Ethics of Terrorism

Sample Questions

- What exactly is wrong with terrorism?

- What can feminist theorists add to debates about the ethics of terrorism?

- Does Fanon offer a defensible justification for the use of violence?

Core Reading

- Faisal Devji, The Terrorist in Search of Humanity: Militant Islam and Global Politics

(Hurst, 2010)

- Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, ch. 1 [and Sartres Preface]

- Virginia Held, Terrorism in Bell (ed.),Ethics and World Politics

- Robert Goodin, Whats Wrong with Terrorism? (Polity, 2006)

- Ian Hacking, The Suicide Weapon, Critical Inquiry, 35/1 (2008): 1-32

- Alison M. Jaggar, What Is Terrorism, Why Is It Wrong, and Could It Ever Be Morally

Permissible?Journal of Social Philosophy, 36/2 (2005): 202-217

- Walzer,Just and Unjust Wars, chs. 11, 12

- Michael Walzer, Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses in Walzer, Arguing About War

(Yale UP, 2004), ch. 5

- Ayse Zarakol, What Makes Terrorism Modern? Terrorism, Legitimacy, and the

International System,Review of International Studies, 37/5 (2011): 2311-2336


- Fritz Allhoff, Terrorism, Ticking Time-Bombs, and Torture (Chicago UP, 2011) [a

defence of torture]

- Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (multiple editions), chs. 12-13.

- G. Borradori, Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jrgen Habermas andJacques Derrida (Chicago UP, 2003)

- Bob Brecher, Torture and the Ticking Bomb (Blackwell, 2007)

- Susan Buck-Morss, Thinking Past Terror: Islamism and Critical Theory on the Left

(Verso, 2003)

- Claudia Card, Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, and Genocide (Cambridge UP,

2010)

- C.A.J. Coady, Terrorism, Morality, and Supreme Emergency,Ethics, 114 (2004)

- G. A. Cohen, Casting the First Stone: Who Can, and who Cant, Condemn the

Terrorists,Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 58 (2006)

- Richard English, Terrorism: How to Respond (Oxford UP, 2009) [An excellent brief

volume]- Matthew Evangelista,Law, Ethics, and the War on Terror(Polity, 2008)

- Yuval Ginbar, Why Not Torture Terrorists? Moral, Practical, and Legal Aspects of the

Ticking Bomb Justification for Torture (Oxford UP, 2010)

- Carol Gould, Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights (Cambridge UP, 2004), ch. 12

- Virginia Held,How Terrorism is Wrong: Morality and Political Violence (Oxford UP,

2008)

- Ted Honderich,After the Terror, 2nd edn. (Edinburgh UP, 2003)

- Nasser Hussain, Beyond Norm and Exception: Guantnamo, Critical Inquiry, 33/1

(2007)

- Michael Ignatieff, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror (Princeton UP,

2005)- F. M. Kamm,Ethics for Enemies: Terror, Torture, and War(Oxford UP, 2011)


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- Leslie McPherson, Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong?Ethics, 117 (2007)

- Tamar Meisels, The Trouble with Terror: Liberty, Security, and the Response to

Terrorism (Cam. UP, 2008)

- Seamus Miller, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: Ethics and Liberal Democracy

(Blackwell, 2006)

- Stephen Nathanson, Terrorism and the Ethics of War(Cambridge UP, 2010)- Igor Primoratz (ed.), Terrorism: The Philosophical Issues (Palgrave, 2004)

- David Rodin, Terrorism without Intentions,Ethics, 114 (2004)

- James P. Sterba (ed.), Terrorism and International Justice (Oxford UP, 2006)

- Uwe Steinhoff, On the Ethics of War and Terrorism (Oxford UP, 2007), ch. 5

- Samuel Scheffler, Is Terrorism Morally Distinctive?Journal of Political Philosophy,

14 (2006)

- Jeremy Waldron, Torture, Terror, and Trade-Offs (Oxford UP, 2010), chs. 2, 3


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LENT TERM

Module 1: Military Intervention

Lecturer: Dr. Stefano Recchia

Lecture 1: Why seek multilateral approval? Justice and legitimacy in

contemporary uses of force

Core reading:

- Gareth Evans and Mohamed Sahnoun, The Responsibility to Protect,Foreign Affairs,

81: 6 (November/December 2002), pp. 99-110. [Key document outlining the R2P

doctrine.]

- Tom Farer, A Paradigm of Legitimate Intervention, in Lori Fisler Damrosch, ed.,

Enforcing Restraint(New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993). [Emphasizes andexplains the importance of multilateral authorization and oversight.]

- Martha Finnemore, Changing Norms of Humanitarian Intervention, in Finnemore,

The Purpose of Intervention (Cornell UP, 2003). [How changing legitimacy norms

regulate and shape humanitarian intervention; highlights the growing importance of

multilateralism.]

- Robert O. Keohane, The Contingent Legitimacy of Multilateralism, in E. Newman, R.

Thakur, and J. Tirman, eds., Multilateralism Under Challenge? (Tokyo: United Nations

University Press, 2006). [Questions the legitimacy of statist multilateral organizations].

- Friedrich Kratochwil, On Legitimacy, International Relations, 20: 3 (2006), pp. 302-

308. [Legitimacy is a conceptual minefield Kratochwil attempts to introduce some

clarity.]- Sarah Kreps, Multilateral Military Interventions: Theory and Practice, Political

Science Quarterly, 123: 4 (2008), pp. 573-603. [Discusses various forms of

multilateralism and develops a new, if controversial, definition].

Supplementary reading:

- Kenneth W. Abbott and Duncan Snidal, Why States Act Through Formal International

Organizations,Journal of Conflict Resolution 42: 1 (1998), pp. 3-32. [Good overview of

the different reasons why states may choose to channel their policies through

international organizations like the UN or NATO].

- Alex Bellamy, The UN Security Council and the Use of Force, in Bellamy, Global

Politics and the Responsibility to Protect (London: Routledge, 2011), pp. 162-195.[Discusses recent military interventions authorized by the UN Security Council].

- Richard K. Betts, Confused Interventions, in Betts,American Force (Columbia UP,

2012), pp. 50-80. [If you choose to intervene, avoid half-measures and support one side

decisivelyunilaterally if needed. Hard-nosed analysis by a leading realist scholar.]

- Katharina P. Coleman, International Organizations and Peace Enforcement (New

York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). [Argues that intervening states, whether

Nigeria, South Africa, or the United States, seek international organization approval to

legitimize their actions and avoid international opprobrium.]

- Bruce Cronin, The Paradox of Hegemony: Americas Ambiguous Relationship With

the United Nations, European Journal of International Relations, 7:1 (2001), pp. 103-

130. [America has the hardware to intervene abroadyet hegemony requires more than

that.]


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- Michael Doyle, 'The Ethics of Multilateral Intervention', Theoria , 53: 109 (2006), pp.

2848. [Goes back to J.S. Mill to discuss the ethics of contemporary interventions.]

- Stanley Hoffmann, The Politics and Ethics of Military Intervention, Survival 37:4

(Winter 1995), pp. 29-51. [Cautious endorsement of multilateral humanitarian

intervention by an

pol3 - ethics and world politics

Documents