poetry a unique and creative form of expression. poetry appreciation reading a poem for its...
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PoetryPoetryA unique and creative A unique and creative
form of expressionform of expression
Poetry AppreciationPoetry Appreciation
Reading a poem for its ‘total effect’Reading a poem for its ‘total effect’
Understanding poetic devices Understanding poetic devices employedemployed
Examples of poetryExamples of poetry
InterpretationInterpretation
Meaning – What is the poet/poem Meaning – What is the poet/poem attempting to conveyattempting to convey
Story line of the poemStory line of the poem
Narrative or lyrical poemNarrative or lyrical poem
ThemeTheme
InterpretationInterpretation
LanguageLanguage
Question why the poet Question why the poet chooses chooses
certain words. What do they certain words. What do they represent? What do you represent? What do you associate with the word?associate with the word?
InterpretationInterpretation
FormForm
Why is the poem arranged Why is the poem arranged the the
way that it is? How does it way that it is? How does it
reflect the content of the reflect the content of the poem?poem?
InterpretationInterpretation
SoundSound
Which poetic devices related to Which poetic devices related to
sound are being used? What is sound are being used? What is
the rhyme scheme? How does the rhyme scheme? How does
the sound of the poem reflect thethe sound of the poem reflect the
meaning?meaning?
InterpretationInterpretation
Total EffectTotal Effect
How do all the elements of the How do all the elements of the
poem: meaning; language; poem: meaning; language; form;form;
sound; work together to create sound; work together to create
the ‘total effect?’ the ‘total effect?’
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Alliteration – The repetition of initial Alliteration – The repetition of initial consonant sounds. consonant sounds. Seven slithering snakes slid by.Seven slithering snakes slid by.
Assonance – The repetition of vowel sounds. Assonance – The repetition of vowel sounds. How now brown cow?How now brown cow?
In the total effect interpretation of poems, In the total effect interpretation of poems, these poetic devices relate to sound.these poetic devices relate to sound.
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Imagery – Words or phrases that Imagery – Words or phrases that appeal to any sense or any appeal to any sense or any combination of senses.combination of senses.
‘‘I wandered lonely as a cloudI wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,hills, When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils…’A host, of golden daffodils…’
William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Metaphor – A comparison between two Metaphor – A comparison between two objects with the intent of giving objects with the intent of giving clearer meaning to one of them.clearer meaning to one of them.
The sun was a golden coin.The sun was a golden coin. Simile – A comparison between two Simile – A comparison between two
objects using the specific words ‘like’ objects using the specific words ‘like’ or ‘as.’or ‘as.’
She had eyes like a frog.She had eyes like a frog.
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Meter – The recurrence of a pattern of Meter – The recurrence of a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.stressed and unstressed syllables.
Iamb – A metrical foot, an unstressed Iamb – A metrical foot, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one or syllable followed by a stressed one or short syllable followed by a long one.short syllable followed by a long one.
Iambic Pentameter – A line of verse with Iambic Pentameter – A line of verse with 5 metrical feet. In a 10 syllable line of 5 metrical feet. In a 10 syllable line of verse, every other syllable is stressed.verse, every other syllable is stressed.
(Popularized by Shakespeare)(Popularized by Shakespeare)
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Onomatopoeia – The use of words to Onomatopoeia – The use of words to imitate sounds.imitate sounds.Buzz, Chew, Crunch, Sizzle, etc.Buzz, Chew, Crunch, Sizzle, etc.
Personification – A figure of speech Personification – A figure of speech which endows animals, ideas, or which endows animals, ideas, or inanimate objects with human traits or inanimate objects with human traits or abilities.abilities.The winter wind howled and tormented The winter wind howled and tormented us.us.
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices Point-of-view-The author’s/poet’s point-of-view is their Point-of-view-The author’s/poet’s point-of-view is their
vantage point of the speaker (or teller) of the story or vantage point of the speaker (or teller) of the story or poem.poem.
11stst person: the speaker is a character in the story or person: the speaker is a character in the story or poem and tells it from his/her perspective using ‘I.’poem and tells it from his/her perspective using ‘I.’
33rdrd person limited: the speaker is not part of the story, person limited: the speaker is not part of the story, but tells about the other characters with limited but tells about the other characters with limited information about what one character sees and feels.information about what one character sees and feels.
33rdrd person omniscient: the speaker is not part of the person omniscient: the speaker is not part of the story, but is able to ‘know’ and describe what all the story, but is able to ‘know’ and describe what all the characters are thinking. characters are thinking.
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Repetition – the repeating of words, Repetition – the repeating of words, phrases, lines or stanzas.phrases, lines or stanzas.
The Bells by Edgar Allen Poe The Bells by Edgar Allen Poe
……with the bells, Silver bells!with the bells, Silver bells!
……bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells…bells, bells, bells, bells, bells, bells…
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Rhyme – The similarity of ending Rhyme – The similarity of ending sounds existing between two words.sounds existing between two words.
They are all gone They are all gone away,away,
The house is shut and still,The house is shut and still,
There is nothing more to There is nothing more to say.say.
Edwin Arlington RobinsonEdwin Arlington Robinson
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices Rhyme scheme – The sequence in Rhyme scheme – The sequence in
which the rhyme occurs. The first end which the rhyme occurs. The first end sound is represented with the letter sound is represented with the letter ‘a’, the second is ‘b,’ etc.‘a’, the second is ‘b,’ etc.
They are all gone They are all gone away, (a)away, (a)The house is shut and The house is shut and still, still,
(b)(b)There is nothing more to There is nothing more to say. (a)say. (a)
Through broken walls andThrough broken walls and gray(a) gray(a)The winds blow bleak andThe winds blow bleak and shrill:shrill:
(b)(b)They are all goneThey are all gone away.(a) away.(a)
Poetic DevicesPoetic Devices
Stanza – The grouping of two or more Stanza – The grouping of two or more lines of a poem in terms of length, lines of a poem in terms of length, metrical form or rhyme scheme.metrical form or rhyme scheme.
Couplet – A stanza with two lines.Couplet – A stanza with two lines. Quattrain - Quattrain - A stanza with four lines.A stanza with four lines.
In Depth InterpretationIn Depth Interpretation
Ask yourself the following questions:Ask yourself the following questions: What is the dramatic situation?What is the dramatic situation? What is the structure of the poem?What is the structure of the poem? What is the theme?What is the theme? Are the grammar and meaning clear?Are the grammar and meaning clear? What are the important images or What are the important images or
figures of speech?figures of speech?
What are the most important single What are the most important single words used in the poem?words used in the poem?
What is the tone of the poem?What is the tone of the poem? What literary devices does the poem What literary devices does the poem
employ?employ? What is the prosody of the poem?What is the prosody of the poem?
Review of PoetryReview of Poetry
Poetry has its own formPoetry has its own form The foot, line, and stanza are the The foot, line, and stanza are the
building blocksbuilding blocks Meter and rhyme are sound effects of Meter and rhyme are sound effects of
poetrypoetry There are many types of rhyme formsThere are many types of rhyme forms There are many types of poetic feet: There are many types of poetic feet:
iambic, trochaic, anapestic, etc.iambic, trochaic, anapestic, etc.
Review cont’dReview cont’d
There are several stanza formsThere are several stanza forms Narrative poetry tells storiesNarrative poetry tells stories Ballads are simple narrativesBallads are simple narratives Lyric poetry is subjective and Lyric poetry is subjective and
emotionalemotional Odes are formal lyrics that honor Odes are formal lyrics that honor
something or someonesomething or someone Elegies are lyrics that mourn a lossElegies are lyrics that mourn a loss
Review cont’dReview cont’d
Dramatic monologues converse with Dramatic monologues converse with the reader as they reveal eventsthe reader as they reveal events
The sonnet is a 14 line form of poetryThe sonnet is a 14 line form of poetry The villanelle is a fixed form that The villanelle is a fixed form that
depends on refrainsdepends on refrains Levels of interpretation depend on the Levels of interpretation depend on the
literal and figurative meaning of poemsliteral and figurative meaning of poems Symbols provide for many levels of Symbols provide for many levels of
interpretationinterpretation
Review cont’dReview cont’d
When comparing and contrasting When comparing and contrasting poems, remember to consider poems, remember to consider speaker, subject, situation, devices, speaker, subject, situation, devices, tone and themetone and theme
Poetry interpretation and analysis Poetry interpretation and analysis considers a multitude of factors, considers a multitude of factors, and requires insight and and requires insight and understanding of language, words, understanding of language, words, imagery and literary elements to imagery and literary elements to fully appreciate it.fully appreciate it.