Pluperfect Tense

Pluperfect

• The pluperfect indicates an action already completed prior to another action in the past. In English the pluperfect is typically indicated by the auxiliary verb “had.”

E.g: When the king arrived, we had given the golden branch to the queen.

Anna refused James because he had left her so many times.

The girls had prepared dinner before the guests arrived.

Paro, parare, paravi, paratus to prepare

Pluperfect Active: 3rd pp - i+ endings

Singular Definition Plural Definition

1st person Paraveram I had prepared

Paraveramus We had prepared

2nd person Paraveras You had prepared

Paraveratis You all had prepared

3rd Paraverat He/she/it had prepared

Paraverant They had prepared

Paro, parare, paravi, paratus to preparePluperfect Passive: 4th pp + irregular imperfect

Sin Def Plu Def

1 Paratus Parata eramParatum

I had been prepared

Parati Paratae eramusParata

We had been prepared

2

Paratus Parata erasParatum

You had been prepared

Parati Paratae eratisParata

You all had been Prepared

3 Paratus Parata eratParatum

He/she/it had been prepared

Parati Paratae erantParata

They all had been prepared