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PLUMBING AND SERVICES.

TRAINING PACKAGE.

CPC08.

CPCPWT3030A.

Install home fire sprinkler systems.

LEARNING GUIDE.

CPCPWT3030A Install home fire sprinkler systems

© Commonwealth of Australia 2015 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

National Plumbing Services Training Advisory Group

Plumbing Industry Commission Victoria

© Commonwealth of Australia 2015

Construction and Property Services Industry Skills Council PO Box 151 Belconnen ACT 2616 Tel: 02 6253 0002 www.cpsisc.com.au

This work is copyright, but permission is given to trainers and teachers to make copies and contextualise the resources for use within their own training organisation or in a workplace where training is being conducted. This permission does not extend to making copies for use outside the immediate training environment for which they are made, or the making of copies for hire or resale to third parties.

This work was produced with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Construction and Property Services Industry Skills Council to reflect the national units of competency.

The views expressed in this work do not necessarily represent the views of the Commonwealth of Australia. In addition, the Commonwealth of Australia does not give warranty or accept any legal liability in relation to the content of this work.

The website addresses and other contact information provided in this publication were compiled in good faith and were correct at the time of printing.

The updating of these resources was completed by:

National Plumbing and Services Training Advisory Group, with funding and support provided by the Construction and Property Services Industry Skills Council:

This guide was developed in consultation with representatives of the Plumbing Industry by NPSTAG, CPSISC and the fire industry to support the implementation of the CPC08 Construction, Plumbing and Services Training Package.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. SECTION 1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 6

1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Objective ........................................................................................................................ 9

SECTION 2 INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Extent of Sprinkler Protection ...................................................................................... 10 2.2 System type ................................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Electrical safety precautions and earthing ................................................................... 14

SECTION 3 WATER SUPPLY ................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Water Sources ............................................................................................................. 15 3.2 Independent systems ................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Connection to a network utility operator drinking water supply .................................... 21 3.4 Supply Flow, Pressure and Duration ........................................................................... 21 3.5 Power supply ............................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Wiring .......................................................................................................................... 22 3.7 Valves .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.8 Pressure gauge ........................................................................................................... 23 3.9 Maximum allowable working pressure ......................................................................... 23 3.10 Marking ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.11 Tanks ........................................................................................................................... 24

3.11.1 General ................................................................................................................. 24 3.11.2 Atmospheric Storage tanks ................................................................................... 24 3.11.3 Pressure Storage tanks ........................................................................................ 25

Section 4 Design Requirements ................................................................................................. 25 4.1 Design Criteria ............................................................................................................. 25

4.1.1 Design data .......................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Valves .......................................................................................................................... 25

4.2.1 Non-return valve ................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 Full Way (Ball) Valve ............................................................................................ 26

4.3 Number of sprinklers in operation ................................................................................ 26 4.4 Design flow .................................................................................................................. 26 4.5 Sprinkler spacing ......................................................................................................... 27

4.5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 27 4.5.2 Structural systems, building materials and building services ................................ 27 4.5.6 Pipe supports, fixing devices and brackets ........................................................... 28 4.5.7 Obstructions to water distribution ......................................................................... 29 4.5.8 Beams and walls .................................................................................................. 29 4.5.9 Heat sources ........................................................................................................ 31 4.5.10 Positioning of sprinklers under skylights ............................................................... 31

4.6 Trench support systems .............................................................................................. 31 4.7 Regulations .................................................................................................................. 31 4.8 Quality assurance ........................................................................................................ 32 4.9 Plan work activities ...................................................................................................... 32 4.11 Determine installation requirements ............................................................................ 33 4.12 Using appropriate materials ......................................................................................... 33 4.13 Ordering and checking the delivery ............................................................................. 33 4.14 Tools and equipment ................................................................................................... 34 4.15 Appropriate PPE .......................................................................................................... 34 4.16 Correct tools ................................................................................................................ 35 4.17 Working at height ......................................................................................................... 36

4.17.1 Mobile scaffolds .................................................................................................... 36



4.17.2 Ladders................................................................................................................. 37 4.18 Moving and handling materials .................................................................................... 37

4.18.1 Manual handling ................................................................................................... 37 4.19 Setting out ................................................................................................................... 38

4.19.1 Underground pipework ......................................................................................... 38 4.19.2 Vertical pipework .................................................................................................. 38 4.19.3 Horizontal pipework .............................................................................................. 39 4.19.4 Pipe supports and fixings ..................................................................................... 40 4.19.5 Pipe joints ............................................................................................................. 40 4.19.6 Copper pipe .......................................................................................................... 41 4.19.7 Plastic pipe ........................................................................................................... 41 4.19.8 Sprinklers.............................................................................................................. 42 4.19.9 Pressure switches ................................................................................................ 43 4.19 10 Escutcheon plates ............................................................................................. 43

4.20 Installing the pipe and fittings ...................................................................................... 44 4.20.1 Rough-in includes: ................................................................................................ 44 4.20.2 Fit-off includes: ..................................................................................................... 44

Section 5 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS .................................................................................. 44 Section 6 INSTALLATION DESIGN CONDITIONS ................................................................... 45

6.1 Minimum sprinkler pressure ......................................................................................... 45 6.2 Combined piping systems ............................................................................................ 45 6.3 Independent piping systems ........................................................................................ 45 6.4 Pipe protection ............................................................................................................. 46 6.5 Protection against fire .................................................................................................. 46 6.6 Pipe identification ......................................................................................................... 46

6.6.1 Combined systems ............................................................................................... 46 6.6.2 Independent systems ........................................................................................... 46

6.7 Pipe supports ............................................................................................................... 46 6.8 VALVES ....................................................................................................................... 46

6.8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 46 6.8.2 Backflow protection .............................................................................................. 47 6.8.3 Domestic service isolating valve (independent systems) ...................................... 47 6.8.4 Remote test valve and test assembly ................................................................... 47

Section 7 WATER METER ASSEMBLY ............................................................................... 48 7.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 48

7.1.1 Meter valve tag(s) ................................................................................................. 48 Section 8 SPRINKLERS ....................................................................................................... 49

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 49 Section 9 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING ............................................................................ 51

9.1 Testing the piping system ............................................................................................ 51 9.1.1 Hydraulic test ........................................................................................................ 51 9.1.2 Commissioning ..................................................................................................... 52

APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 53 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................. 53

Water Supply Test .............................................................................................................. 53 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................. 56

Completion Certificate ......................................................................................................... 56 Appendix C ............................................................................................................................. 57

Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 57 Appendix D ............................................................................................................................. 58

Installer Warnings for handling sprinklers ........................................................................... 58 Worksheet .................................................................................................................................. 62



SECTION 1 GENERAL

1.1 Introduction

This unit of competency specifies the outcomes required to “Install home fire sprinkler system” for one and two family homes.

The general requirement for installation and maintenance of home fire sprinkler systems is compliant with Australian Standard AS2118.5 – Automatic fire sprinkler systems Part 5 Home fire sprinkler systems.

A home fire sprinkler system is intended to provide an economical and cost-effective automatic fire sprinkler protection for homes. The prime objective of a home fire sprinkler system is to allow the occupants to escape in the event of fire by providing tolerable conditions whilst the sprinkler is operating. A sprinkler system installed in accordance with AS2118.5 is aimed at preventing flashover (total involvement) in the room were a fire may start. Fire sprinkler systems have become the most widely used and most reliable automatic means of fire protection. Sprinkler systems automatically detect a fire and act to control or extinguish it. They are located in places where people cannot always be present and operate only as needed in the immediate vicinity of the fire.

A home fire sprinkler system is designed to operate with only two (2) sprinklers working at any one time.

A typical home sprinkler system consists of a network of pipes, connected to a permanent water supply feeding automatic sprinklers located in cooking, living and sleeping areas throughout the home. Heat from a fire (convection) causes operation of one or more thermally sensitive sprinklers, thereby permitting water to be discharged directly over the fire affected area.

The concept of ‘combined’ home fire sprinkler systems serving both domestic water fixtures, appliances and a fire sprinkler system whilst retaining provisions for ‘independent’ systems serving separate sprinkler and domestic water fixture and appliance piping.

It is envisaged new homes would utilise the combined system option, an independent system option would generally be considered more practical for existing homes.

The selection, location and spacing of sprinklers needs to comply with AS2118.5, both combined and independent sprinkler systems will require the evaluation of the available water supply and flow calculations to determine pipe sizes. Although pipe sizing tables are provided in the AS2118.5, the use of a computer-based hydraulic flow program may assist in determining the most efficient pipe sizing.

This resource pack is designed to give students an outline of the installation requirements for home fire sprinkler system and must be read in conjunction with AS2118.5 and AS/NZS 3500 Part 1.

Only new components and materials shall be used in the installation of sprinkler systems. Components shall be installed in accordance with their listed approvals.

Australian Standard 2118.5 specifies the minimum requirements for the components, design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of automatic home fire sprinkler systems for one and two family homes. It provides two options:

Sprinklers, flow switches, pressure switches and other ancillary equipment should be installed as detailed on the project drawings and in accordance with the relevant Australian standards and any state/territory installation requirements. The drawings will show the size, type and location of all the components making up the system



a) an independent piping system serving fire sprinklers only

An independent system utilises a single connection, or separate connection, to a tank or network utility operator (drinking or non-drinking) water supply and separate piping serving a fire sprinkler system and a water service

Figure 1.1 Independent (Looped Layout) Piping System



b) a combined piping system serving both the fire sprinklers and the domestic plumbing fixtures.

A combined system utilising a common connection to the tank or network utility operator’s (drinking) water supply serving combined piping for the water service, fixtures, appliances and fire sprinklers.

Figure 1.2 Combined (Gridded Layout) Piping System



A home fire sprinkler system is intended to provide a degree of life safety and property protection for the occupants of one and two family homes such as a:

a) single dwellings, detached houses b) terrace houses, townhouses, villa units (multiple adjoining dwellings which are separated

by fire rated walls) c) moveable or relocatable dwellings d) cabins; or e) ‘granny’ flats.

1.2 Objective

The objective of an automatic fire sprinkler system is to provide a sprinkler system that, together with smoke alarms, will detect and control fires in a home, providing a level of protection against injury or loss of life, together with a reduction of property damage. A sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with AS2118.5 is expected to delay and possibly prevent flashover (total room involvement) in the room of fire origin and to improve the likelihood of occupants escaping or evacuating.

A combined fire sprinkler system can only be installed by a licensed (by the state/territory licensing authority) plumber whereas independent fire sprinkler systems can be installed by either a licensed plumber or a registered sprinkler fitter (from the control valve assembly).

Home sprinklers may have concealed, flush or pendent type residential fire sprinkler with a K factor of 7.1 (litres/min and Kilopascals), which also meets the approval criteria under the WaterMark certification scheme.

Figure 1.3 WaterMark Logo

It must be noted that with a home automatic fire sprinkler system any vertical pipe (dropper) servicing a sprinkler must not exceed 75mm in length from the gridded layout to the sprinklers. Also a ‘priority demand valve’ may be required to be installed to automatically divert the water supply from a domestic service to an independent sprinkler installation, at the time of sprinkler operation.



SECTION 2 INSTALLATION

2.1 Extent of Sprinkler Protection

Home automatic fire sprinkler systems are to be designed to be protected throughout the home with the exception of the following areas, for which protection is optional (see Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 for typical home floor plans):

a) Hallways, entries, stairs and the like not exceeding 3m in width. b) Cupboards, wardrobes, walk-in wardrobes, pantries, alcoves and recesses less than 3.0

m2; not containing clothes driers, gas water heaters, cooking appliances and the like, or used for the storage of flammable liquids.

c) Concealed floor, ceiling and roof spaces not used as living areas. d) Toilets, bathrooms and ensuites, excluding dual use as a laundry. e) Open external porches, balconies, walkways and stairs. f) Detached, or non-communicating attached, garages/laundries and similar utility rooms

unless used for sleeping purposes. Where attached garages have an internal access door to the living areas, a ‘cut-off’ sprinkler shall be installed and located within 1 m of the doorway, on the garage side (see Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3).

NOTE:

The role of the ‘cut-off’ sprinkler is to provide a measure of protection against the possible spread of fire from the garage to the home via the communicating doorway.

g) Small architectural features such as planter box windows and bay windows.

The spacing of home sprinklers will be covered later in this learning outcome; however, typical sprinkler layouts are outlined in the following table and illustrated in figures.

TABLE 2.1 TYPICAL HOME FLOOR PLANS

Figure No. No. of floors

Gross area (M2)

No. of Bedrooms

Garage for cars

No of Bathrooms

No of sprinklers

2.1 1 130 3 1 1 10 2.2 1 200 4 2 1 + ensuite 12 2.3 2 300 5 + 2 studies 2 2 + ensuite 22



Figure 2.1 Typical Independent (Single Looped Layout) Piping System – 3 Bedroom Home

NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where

sprinklers are generally located and does not represent the number of sprinklers required.



Figure 2.2 Typical Combined (Looped Layout) Piping System – 4 Bedroom Home

NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where

sprinklers are generally located and does not represent the number of sprinklers required.



Figure 2.3 Typical Independent (Looped Layout) Piping System – 5 Bedroom (Two-Storey) Home

NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where sprinklers

are generally located and does not represent the number of sprinklers required.



2.2 System type

As stated in the introduction an early warning smoke alarm system is an essential part of a home fire sprinkler system and consists of smoke alarms manufactured in accordance with AS 3786 and located in accordance with AS 1670.6.

Some state/territory governments have made their installation mandatory in all homes, check with your trainer for their installation requirements in your state/territory.

Home fire sprinkler systems are installed as a wet pipe system, that is, one that is permanently charged with water. In frost-prone regions, all pipework must be protected against damage caused by the freezing of water and installed as:

a) combined (gridded only) or independent (gridded, looped or branched) piping layout as shown in Figures 1.1, 2.1 and 2.3; or

b) combined systems, not incorporating dead-legs or droppers. Sprinklers shall be directly connected to the piping grid. A typical arrangement using flexible pipe.

NOTE:

1. A dead-leg or a dropper is a branch pipe exceeding 75 mm in length and terminating at a sprinkler.

2. For frost prone regions refer NFPA 13D domestic sprinkler standard for the use of freeze depressants.

Valves capable of isolating sprinklers shall not be installed in the piping grid. A typical piping layout is shown in Figures 1.2 and 2.2.

Take-offs feeding independent systems shall incorporate a dual check valve backflow prevention device in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1.

A full-flow valve must be installed in the domestic service to permit isolation of that service without interruption of the drinking water supply to the independent sprinkler installation [see Figures 3.3 and 3.4].

It is important to note the piping for a sprinkler system must not be run through heating ducts, or be connected to the domestic hot water system.

2.3 Electrical safety precautions and earthing As with any water service when retrofitting combined systems and replacing any existing metallic pipe in part or entirely by polymer pipes or non-metallic fittings or couplings, the work shall not commence until the earthing and equipotential bonding requirements of the electrical system has been checked by an electrical contractor and modified if necessary.

An automatic priority valve (WaterMark approved) may be installed at the connection to the sprinkler system in an independent design system to shut off the domestic water supply and maintain the design pressure required for the sprinkler system in the case of a fire.



Figure 2.4 Typical Flexible Pipe and Sprinkler Arrangement

SECTION 3 WATER SUPPLY Home fire sprinkler systems must have at least one water supply that is automatically available on sprinkler activation and is drawn from one of the sources detailed below. The water shall be free from particle or dissolved matter that could adversely affect any part of the system.

3.1 Water Sources

Any one of the following sources of water supply may be used with combined systems:

a) A network utility operator drinking water supply (connected as shown in Figure 3.1), where the sprinklers are fed from the same service pipe as the domestic service.

b) A network utility operator recycled water supply (connected as shown in Figure 3.2), where the sprinklers are fed from the same service pipe as the water closets (WC) and other approved outlets connected to the recycled piping system, refer AS/NZS 3500.1.

c) Either of the above with a booster pump. d) A combined storage tank with pump (connected as shown in Figure 3.3), serving both fire

sprinkler and domestic service water requirements with an automatic top-up capable of maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L; or

e) Other approved alternative water supply. The source of supply shall be protected with approved backflow prevention in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1 and local water utilities requirements where underground tanks and submersible tanks apply.



Figure 3.1 Typical Drinking Water Supply Connection Combined System

A storage tank with a pump serving the independent fire sprinkler and domestic water requirements may be considered acceptable when the tank is provided with either an automatic infill capable of maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L at all times or a water level alarm to indicate the sprinkler reserve capacity has been reached.



Figure 3.2 Typical Non-Drinking (Recycled) Water Supply

Connection Combined System



3.2 Independent systems

Any of the following sources of water supply may be used with independent systems:

(a) A network utility operator drinking water supply (see Figure 3.3 below), where sprinklers are fed from a dedicated take-off via double check valves.

Figure 3.3 Typical Drinking Water Supply Connection

WITH INDEPENDENT SYSTEM



(b) A network utility operator recycled water supply (see Figure 3.4 below), where sprinklers

are fed from a dedicated take-off.

Figure 3.4 Typical Non-Drinking Water Supply Connection

With Independent System

(c) Either of the above with a booster pump.



(d) Storage tank (minimum 1200 litres storage) with pump serving fire sprinklers only (see Figure 3.5 below).

Figure 3.5 Typical Drinking Water Supply

Storage Tank with Pump Servicing Fire Sprinklers Independent System

(e) Common storage tank supplying the domestic service and independent fire sprinkler piping with separate pumps with dedicated sprinkler reserve capacity of 1200 litre (see Figure 3.6 below).

Figure 3.6 Typical Drinking and Non-Drinking Water Supply Common Storage Tank Supplying

The Domestic Service and Independent Fire Sprinkler Piping with Separate Pumps



(f) Pressure tank [see Figure 3.7].

FIGURE 3.7 Typical Water Supply — Pressure Tank Independent System

(Refer Section 4 Tanks for more information) (g) Other approved alternative water supply.

3.3 Connection to a network utility operator drinking water supply

When connected to a network utility drinking or non-drinking water supply; the minimum flow and pressure of a reliable water supply shall be taken as those nominated by the relevant network utility, which it considers can be maintained for at least 95% of the time. If the utility is unable to supply this information the water supply must be tested prior to starting any work, refer Appendix ‘A’.

At the completion of the installation of a home sprinkler system it must be tested through the remote test valve to ensure the system operates as required in AS 2118.5, refer Section 6 of these notes.

3.4 Supply Flow, Pressure and Duration

The available water supply needs to be sufficient to provide a minimum design flow of 100 L/min at the required pressure for a duration of not less than 10 min. Where the network utility cannot supply water at this flow rate a pressure pump must be installed.

Where a pump is required to supply a combination (domestic and sprinkler system) a pressure switch is required to operate at approximately 100 kPa below the minimum pressure demand of

A storage tank with a pump serving the independent fire sprinkler and domestic water requirements may be considered acceptable when the tank is provided with either an automatic infill capable of maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L at all times or a water level alarm to indicate the sprinkler reserve capacity has been reached.



the domestic supply. The pressure switch must also initiate an audible pump running alarm located within the home.

The pump is not to operate prematurely but must operate as soon as possible after a sprinkler is activated.

3.5 Power supply

Any pump is to be connected to a single-phase or three-phase power supply. The pump starter must be an integral part of the pump and cannot include thermal overload cut-out devices. The power supply must have an isolation switch and be capable of being locked in the ‘on’ position. If a mains pressure supply is not available an alternate power supply can be used.

Figure 3.8 Typical Home Sprinkler Pumpset

3.6 Wiring

The pumpset must be permanently wired to the supply side of the main switch. All electrical work must be carried out by a qualified electrician meeting the requirements of AS/NZS 3000 and must be protected against exposure to fire with a rating of not less than 30 min.



Figure 3.9 Warning Label-Pump-Isolation Switch

3.7 Valves

The pumpset (see Figure 3.8) must incorporate the following valves, not smaller than DN 25.

a) Non-return valve b) Inlet isolation full-flow valve (locked in the open position) c) Outlet isolation full-flow valve (locked in the open position) d) Test outlet full-flow valve (locked in the close position, discharge must be visible) e) Relief valve (discharge visible)

Unions must be provided downstream of the inlet full-flow valve and upstream of the outlet full-flow outlet valve to enable servicing of the pump.

3.8 Pressure gauge

The pumpset must have a pump discharge pressure gauge (see Figure 3.10). The gauge shall have a dial face with a diameter of not less than 65 mm and shall be graduated in increments of 25 kPa with a scale range of 0 to 1000 kPa.

Figure 3.10 Pressure Gauge

3.9 Maximum allowable working pressure

The pumpset maximum allowable working pressure shall be the sum of the maximum water supply and the pump shut-off pressure and shall not exceed 1000 kPa.

WARNING: FIRE SPRINKLER PUMP

ISOLATING-SWITCH

1. MUST BE OFF WHEN THE WATER SUPPLY IS ISOLATED.

2. MUST BE LOCKED ON AT ALL OTHER TIMES

3. IN THE EVENT OF FIRE, DO NOT SWITCH OFF



3.10 Marking

An identification plate shall be affixed to the pumpset baseplate and needs to include the following minimum information:

(a) Manufacturer’s name and address. (b) Duty flow and pressure. (c) Maximum allowable working pressure. (d) Pump cut-in pressure. (e) Hydro-pneumatic accumulator charge pressure.

3.11 Tanks

3.11.1 General

Water storage tanks serving home sprinkler systems may be of the atmospheric type or pressure type (see Section 3 Water Supply). They may be arranged to supply sprinkler system requirements only, or to supply both sprinkler and domestic (drinking and appliance) requirements

3.11.2 Atmospheric Storage tanks

Atmospheric tanks may be supplied by rainwater, tanker or by network utility drinking water and must have a minimum sprinkler storage capacity of 1200 litres. In the case of tanks serving both sprinkler and domestic requirements, the effective capacity for the water reserved for sprinkler draw-off shall be adequate to supply the design flow rate for not less than 10 minutes. Their installation must comply with local government (council) and water network utility requirements and the installation requirements of AS/NZS3500. Adequate access shall be provided for tank internal inspection.

Pipe connection, valve and indicator requirements shall be in accordance with the following:

(a) The tank outlet shall be positioned at least 150mm above the base of the tank. (b) A tank outlet isolating full-flow valve shall be provided and locked in the open position

and labeled in accordance Figure 3.11. Domestic outlets on tanks serving both sprinklers and domestic requirements shall be labeled in accordance with Figure 3.12.

(c) A drain outlet shall be installed at the base of the tank to remove sludge, and be fitted with a normally closed valve.

(d) A water level indicator shall be installed.



Figure 3.11 Label Tank Outlet Label - For Sprinkler Supply

Figure 3.12 Label Tank Outlet Label - Domestic Supply

3.11.3 Pressure Storage tanks

Pressure tanks, see Figure 3.7, must comply with AS 1210 and have a water capacity of not less than 1200 litres. They may be permanently pressurised or arranged for pressurisation at the time of water demand.

Section 4 Design Requirements

4.1 Design Criteria

4.1.1 Design data

A home fire sprinkler system shall consist of the following main components:

• Pipes and fittings.

• Valves.

• Drinking water meter assembly; or

• Non-drinking water meter assembly; or

• Water storage tank.

• Sprinklers.

• A pump, if required.

• Smoke alarms. Only new components and materials shall be used in the installation of sprinkler systems. Components shall be installed in accordance with their listed approvals.

4.2 Valves

THIS CONNECTION IS RESERVED FOR SPRINKLER USE

THIS CONNECTION IS FOR DOMESTIC USE



4.2.1 Non-return valve

Also known as a check valve or a swing check valve, these valves allow flow in one direction only. Typically it is installed in locations that will allow the system to fill but will not allow the flow to return or drain. They are normally installed immediately after the main control valve or pump outlet side, refer Figure 3.5 & 3.6. They open automatically to allow flow in the designed direction and close automatically if flow is reversed

Figure 4.1 Non-return Valve

4.2.2 Full Way (Ball) Valve

This is also known as a ball valve. The valve takes its name from the ball shaped closing device. A 900 turn of the operating lever moves the valve from fully open to fully closed. Additional tabs on the valve for use of padlock or similar devices make this valve very useful for ‘lock on’ or ‘lock off’ situations.

Valves are constantly being improved and modified. Every job has unique requirements so the choice of one type of valve over another can change from one job to the next. Install the valves as called for on the project drawings and specifications and in accordance with the requirements of AS 2118.5.

Figure 4.2 Ball valve

Home sprinkler systems must be hydraulically designed to provide a flow of at least 50 L/min from each sprinkler. The sprinkler coverage, minimum pressure and flow requirements for approved home sprinklers, must be in accordance with the sprinkler approval listing details specified in the manufacturers data sheets.

4.3 Number of sprinklers in operation The number of sprinklers assumed to be in simultaneous operation shall be TWO (2).

4.4 Design flow



The design flow for the sprinkler system must be not less than 100 L/min (determined by multiplying the unit sprinkler flow of 50 L/min by two)

(a) plus an additional 12 L/min for possible simultaneous domestic demand from such appliances as washing machines and dishwashers; or

(b) alternatively for independent systems only, a priority valve may be installed to shut-off the domestic demand at the time of sprinkler operation.

4.5 Sprinkler spacing

4.5.1 General

Positioning of home sprinklers shall comply with the sprinkler approval listing criteria as specified in the manufacturer’s data sheets

Home sprinklers must be spaced in accordance with Table 4.1. Where the listed manufacture’s data sheet values differ from those in the table, the more stringent criteria must apply. In all other respects, including sloped ceilings exceeding 1 in 6 (9º), obstructions and the like, see following clause on ‘obstructions to water distribution’, the requirements contained in the manufacturer’s listed data sheets must apply.

TABLE 4.1 Position of Sprinklers to Avoid Obstructions to Discharge

(Home Pendent Spray Sprinklers)

Sprinkler type

K Factor (L/min &

kPa)

Nominal thread

size, mm

Maximum area

coverage, m2

Maximum spacing,

m

Maximum distance

from wall, m

Minimum spacing,

m

Minimum to

maximum Deflector to ceiling,

mm

Pendent 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 25 to 100 Flush 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 25 to 100 Concealed 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 N/A

4.5.2 Structural systems, building materials and building services

Installation of pipework will require fixing to and penetrations through walls, floors, partitions and ceilings. Therefore you will need to be familiar with common building materials such as reinforced concrete, structural steelwork, brick and block work, timber and plaster. You need to be able to recognise commonly used building materials and identify them on drawings.



Home fire sprinkler systems are commonly installed with other building services (pipework) such as:

• air conditioning • electrical services • water supply • sewerage • drainage

Figure 4.3 Other services

You need to be able to identify these services both on drawings and on site so clashes between systems can be avoided

4.5.6 Pipe supports, fixing devices and brackets

All sprinkler system pipes must be held securely and accurately in place in a manner allowing for normal building and pipe movement. Pipes commonly used are copper or plastic. Pipes are attached to structural steel, reinforced concrete, brick or masonry and timber. There is a range of proprietary brands of pipe supports available to suit these applications but all have to meet the installation requirements of AS/NZS3500.



In supporting pipes from a structure there are five (5) main considerations.

• Whether the bracket can support the weight of the water filled pipe plus a safety margin

• Whether the structure to which the supporting pipe is being connected can safely carry the weight of the filled pipes

• Whether the bracket size, thickness, shape, and fixing method meets the requirements of AS2118.5 and AS/NZS3500

• Whether the spacing complies with AS/NZS3500

• Whether the support system is in an aggressive environment that may require extra protection such as galvanising or other approved protection

4.5.7 Obstructions to water distribution

Sprinklers must be located to minimise obstructions to the discharge, or additional sprinklers must be provided to ensure adequate coverage of the hazard, as follows:

(a) Beams and walls (b) Columns and trusses (c) Suspended or floor-mounted vertical obstructions

4.5.8 Beams and walls

Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with one of the following arrangements:

(a) Positioned in accordance with Table 4.2, and Figure 4.4; or (b) Spaced on opposite sides of obstructions not exceeding 1.2 m in width provided the

distance from the centerline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half the allowable distance permitted between sprinklers; or

(c) Protected in accordance with Figure 4.4 for obstructions located against a wall that are not over 750 mm in width



TABLE 4.2 Position of Sprinklers to Avoid

Obstructions to Discharge (Home Pendent Spray Sprinklers)

Distance from Sprinklers to

Side of Obstruction (A) (mm)

Maximum Allowable Distance of Deflector above Bottom of

Obstruction (B) (mm)

Less than 300 0 300 to less than 350 0 350 to less than 600 25 600 to less than 800 25

800 to less than 900 25 900 to less than 1100 75 1100 to less than 1200 75 1200 to less than 1400 125 1400 to less than 1500 175 1500 to less than 1700 175 1700 to less than 1800 175

1800 to less than 2000 230 2000 to less than 2100 280

2100 and greater 355

Elevation View

Figure 4.4 Position of Sprinklers to Avoid Obstructions to Discharge (Home Pendent Spray Sprinklers)

Note:

For further information on other obstruction installation requirements refer to AS2118.5 Section 4



4.5.9 Heat sources

To prevent the unwanted operation of home sprinklers caused by exposure to non-fire heat sources, the following temperature sprinkler ratings apply:

(a) Where an ambient ceiling temperature does not exceed 38°C, home sprinklers rated at 57°C–79°C shall be installed.

(b) Where the maximum ceiling temperature is between 38°C and 68°C fast response sprinklers rated at 79°C–107°C shall be installed.

To prevent home sprinklers from unwanted operation due to exposure of home heating such as fireplaces, furnaces/water heaters coal/wood burning stoves or in proximity to air conditioning diffusers, etc refer to AS2118.5 section 4.

4.5.10 Positioning of sprinklers under skylights

Sprinklers shall not be located below skylights or in proximity to skylights where they are likely to be affected by heat caused by the direct rays of the sun.

4.6 Trench support systems The installation a home fire sprinkler systems may include an underground component requiring trenching and trench support systems. Remember, never enter an unsupported section of a trench. Select the correct trench support system to suit the trench depth, soil type and site conditions.

4.7 Regulations When working on any task you must observe the regulations and the OH&S requirements in accordance with the State/Territory legislation. Installation of home fire protection systems must comply with AS2118.5 – Automatic fire sprinkler systems.

These regulations are in place to protect all involved in the work and those affected by the work and its application. In the case of a home fire sprinkler system there are rules regarding OH&S ensuring the safety of workers installing the system, other workers and the general public. Other regulations, such as Australian standards and codes of practice, specify how things should be done or the quality of materials used so the completed installation is safe and performs the task it is designed for.

By ignoring OH&S regulations you may put yourself, workmates and others at risk of death or injury. Similarly by ignoring Australian standards and other regulations you may risk failure of the system and possibly death, injury or great financial loss to those involved. You should look upon rules and regulations as part of the system that adds to good work practices which guarantee a good job.



4.8 Quality assurance Most companies now have a policy for assuring quality to the customer. This policy is designed to control the processes used within the company, record keeping, quality of materials used and the way the work is done.

You need to be aware of your company’s particular quality assurance requirements. A number of quality assurance issues are dealt with in the next section, ‘Plan work activities’.

Most companies now have or are developing quality assurance procedures, setting out in a quality assurance manual or handbook. The purpose of the manual is to assist employees in following good work practices which will ensure the customer is provided with a high quality installation. In the absence of a manual you should still apply safe efficient work practices.

The installation of home fire sprinkler systems may be in accordance with the following activities:

• planning the job

• checking drawings and specifications

• selecting materials

• setting out work

• checking dimensions

• working safely with others

• application of safety equipment

• use of power tools and equipment

• recording information

• cleaning up the job site.

4.9 Plan work activities Before you begin the installation of a home fire protection system, you need to check the design has been submitted to and approved by the appropriate authority. The system design may be obtained from your job supervisor. The drawings and specifications should be signed and dated and marked as approved for construction, in accordance with the company’s quality assurance procedures.

The authority responsible for the approval of a home fire protection system is the local government authority and water utility.

Gathering information about the job will help you to make informed decisions about the nature of the job and how to plan and sequence the entire process.

Planning your work may include the following steps.

• Read the project drawings and the specification to familiarise yourself with the work.

• Check the work site against the drawings to confirm orientation and work space.

• Check for normal work hazards.

• Check for special hazards, working at height.

• Identify entry and exit points and storage areas.

• Confirm location of other services, such as air conditioning ducts, that may affect your work.

• Plan with your supervisor, the builder or other contractors, a cooperative work strategy that avoids conflict.



• Organise your equipment, such as ladders, scaffolds or scissor lifts (if required) and personal safety equipment for safe working.

Working with others is an essential part of good work practice. Others may include your supervisor, the builder, other tradesmen, suppliers, union representatives and others.

Failure to work cooperatively with others leads to:

• conflict on the job

• mistakes being made

• clashes over work space and storage space

• damage to stored or installed material

• lost, damaged or abused equipment

• low personal esteem and co-operative morale in the work place

• delays to the job and cost overruns.

4.11 Determine installation requirements Before you can begin to “Install home fire sprinkler systems” you will need to look at the plans and specifications to find out what materials are required. These will need to be ordered and checked on receipt for quality and quantity.

A typical installation might require:

• a connection to the water supply. This may be an underground connection and it may be part of a different contract (plumbing)

• a system of mains and distribution pipes

• a range of sprinklers, flow switches, pressure switches and other ancillary equipment

• a range of control valves and alarms. It is normal practice for a home sprinkler system to be installed in three stages:

• Stage one pipework installation.

• Stage two installing sprinklers.

• Stage three the removal of the sprinkler protective straps, when the sprinkler system is to be placed in service.

4.12 Using appropriate materials The drawings and the specification will detail which materials and system components are required for the job. You will need to calculate the quantity and types of materials to order.

4.13 Ordering and checking the delivery On completion of the materials list follow company procedures to order materials. This may require you to order direct but generally the orders will go through your employer or a purchasing officer for larger companies.

All materials for small jobs may be delivered at once but delivery for larger jobs needs to be staged to match the progress of the job. In either case deliveries must be checked against the order variations or missing items noted and the documentation processed according to company policy. This process is likely to be a part of the company quality assurance system.



If deliveries are not checked on arrival and errors are found during installation there may be long delays for re-ordering materials or time delays for modifications.

4.14 Tools and equipment Installation work can be dangerous if the correct precautions are not taken. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended and is compulsory under most site conditions. Using PPE will help you do your job safely with minimal risk of injury.

4.15 Appropriate PPE It is in your best interest to wear the PPE supplied as appropriate for the task in hand, and to keep the PPE in good order. PPE is designed to protect you from falling objects, crushed toes, noise, dust and grit, sun and rain. Normal PPE supplied and used for installing a home fire sprinkler systems could include but not limited to:

• overalls

• boots

• shirts

• hard hat

• safety glasses

• ear muffs or plugs

• safety vests

• gloves.



4.16 Correct tools To work safely and effectively it is important to have the correct tools for the job and to maintain them in good working order. A typical list of tools required for installation work is listed below:

• toolbox

• mash hammer

• claw hammer

• 18” Stilsons.

• 14” Stilsons.

• 12” Shifter.

• 10” Shifter.

• hacksaw

• chalk line

• plumb bob

• pliers

• straight tin snips

• ratchet spanner

• ½ round/flat file

• flat screwdriver

• Philips head screwdriver

• cold chisels ½” and 1/8”.

• deep sockets 14 mm, 16 mm and 18 mm

• tape measure

• key saw

• string line

• 10 mm – 12 mm drop in punches. You may be required to purchase your own tools, or they may be supplied by your employer. In either case you are responsible for the ongoing maintenance and replacement as required.

You may also need to use power tools, cutting, or other mechanical equipment. You will need to undertake training to use each item of equipment as required.

Note:

Do not use any equipment unless you have been instructed in its correct use.



4.17 Working at height

Scissor lifts may be required when working at height. This requires a licence to operate. Do not attempt to operate this equipment until you have been trained to do so.

Figure 4.5 Scissor Lift

Working at height may also require the use of ladders and scaffolds. Scaffolds may be erected by others but the use of ladders and scaffold is the subject of OH&S training. Do not attempt to build a scaffold unless you have been trained to do so.

Figure 4.6 Scaffold

Before using a scaffold check the following:

• company policy and site safety committee policy on the use of scaffolds

• all scaffolds and accessories must conform to the scaffolding regulations

• all scaffolds over 4.25 m in height must be erected by certified scaffolders

• scaffold boards, kick boards, access ladders, mid rails and top rails are all in good condition and securely in place.

4.17.1 Mobile scaffolds



• Only trained personnel should erect a mobile scaffold.

• Never move a mobile scaffold with a person on it.

• Mobiles are suitable for solid level surfaces only.

• Lock caster wheels before use.

• Guard against striking hazards such as overhead power lines, beams, bracing and other parts of the structure or other obstacles.

4.17.2 Ladders

When using a ladder follow good OH&S practices including the following:

• check company policy and site safety committee policy on use of ladders

• choose a ladder suitable for the task

• check the ladder is sound

• place the ladder on a firm footing, with a slope of no more than 4 in 1

• the ladder should extend at least 1 m above the platform it is intended to reach

• ladders should only be used to gain access or to complete simple tasks – use a platform or scaffold for lengthy or more complex tasks.

4.18 Moving and handling materials Manual lifting and handling techniques must always be followed according to OH&S requirements and manual handling or correct lifting best practice. You should consider the following before moving materials into position by manual or mechanical handling methods:

• the quantity of material

• the weight and length of individual objects

• the access to the work or storage area

• the distance or height to be carried

• the help available. Material may be stored on site as close as practicable to the installation point. Materials should be stored in a clear area with good access for pickup and delivery. Materials must be safe from damage from all site users.

Note:

Long lengths of pipe must be stored flat and in accordance with the manufacturers’ specifications

4.18.1 Manual handling

When manually handling materials for installation the following precautions should be taken.

• Before lifting any load assess the risk. Never lift a load that is too heavy for you. Get help from a fellow worker or mechanical help.

• Long lengths such as pipes may need two persons to lift to prevent deflection, as well as to carry the load.

• When lifting make your legs do the work, not your back. Follow correct lifting practice.

• Make sure your carry path is clear.

• Wear PPE including gloves as protection against sharp edges and corners.



4.19 Setting out The set out of sprinklers and associated fittings runs in conjunction with the set out of main distribution pipe systems. Consider the following.

• Check the drawings for all setting out dimensions and levels.

• Check the drawings for starting point of contract. The main water supply to the job may be installed by another plumber or the water utility.

• If the water supply main is part of the contract it will probably require an underground connection from the street main (town water supply) to the worksite (building).

Consider the setting out of the pipework in three sections:

• underground pipework

• vertical pipework

• Horizontal pipework.

4.19.1 Underground pipework

Underground pipework would generally include the mains connection to the building. Underground connections sometimes form part of other contracts. If the underground work is part of your contract follow these steps.

• Locate the connection on the street main.

• Locate the connection point to the building.

• Mark the centre line of the pipe along the ground with pegs or other markers.

• Use lime or marking paint to draw a line on the ground from peg to peg marking the centre line of the pipe and the trench excavation.

• A surveyor will be required to peg the line for complicated setting out tasks.

• Excavate the trench to the required width and depth and install the appropriate trench support system if required.

• Never enter an unsupported trench.

• Install pipes according to the drawings, specification and relevant Australian standard. Use the specified bedding and backfilling.

• Keep the trench open for as short a time as possible. Program your work so backfilling can follow installation as fast as it is practicable and safe to do so.

Note:

Remember prior to carrying out any excavation in public property you must do a check via ‘Dial Before You Dig’ (1100) for the locations of any underground pipes or cables.

4.19.2 Vertical pipework

Mains pipes deliver water vertically through the building for distribution at various levels. These pipes may also change direction and penetrate walls, floors and other parts of the structure. To set out pipes follow these steps:

• Obtain dimensional information from the drawings.

• Pipes may be located on the drawings with dimensions from grid lines and from fixed parts of the structure such as floors, walls and ceilings.

• Use the dimensions from the drawings to mark the centre lines of the pipe on the part of the structure to which it will be fixed, such as a wall or column.

• Set the distance out from the wall by marking the centre of the pipe on the floor or ceiling.



• Marking the centre of pipes requires two dimensions at right angles to each other.

• Where pipes penetrate parts of the structure ‘cored holes’ may need to be cut. The centre lines and diameter of the holes must be marked on the structure. Cutting the holes may be part of your contract or it may be contracted to the builder or others. Program your work so the holes are marked and cut in advance of fitting the pipes.

• The change of direction of pipes should be indicated by marking the pipe centre line on the structure. Vertical and horizontal dimensions will be required to accurately locate the pipe.

4.19.3 Horizontal pipework

Horizontal pipework distributes the water supply at each level of the building. It includes distribution pipes, sprinklers, orifice plates and flow switches. This pipework is normally connected to the underside of the floor or roof above. To set out horizontal pipework, follow these steps.

• Obtain the dimensional information from the drawings.

• Pipes will be located on the drawings with dimensions from grid lines and from fixed parts of the structure such as floors, walls and ceilings.

• Use the dimensions from the drawings to mark the centre lines of the pipe on the part of the structure to which it will be fixed, such as the underside of the floor.

• Marking centre lines on the underside of a floor may be difficult because of the many obstructions and the problems of working at height. In these circumstances it is common practice to set out the pipework on the floor and use a plumb bob to transfer key points to the structure above, see Figure 4.8.

• Mark the pipe centre lines on the floor. Mark the location of sprinkler fittings, flow switches and orifice plates on the centre lines. Mark dimensional ‘check points’ on the centre lines. Check points are often called for on the drawing to provide a progressive check so no dimensional errors are creeping in as the work progresses.

• Use a plumb bob (see figure 4.8) to transfer key points to the structure above.



Figure 4.8 Using a plumb bob

4.19.4 Pipe supports and fixings

Pipe supports and fixings are used to hold the pipework securely in place but at the same time allow for normal building and pipe movement. Pipe supports must carry load of the water-filled pipe plus at each support point. Pipe supports must be installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3500 and located within 300 mm each side of a sprinkler.

A number of manufacturers supply a range of pipe support systems that have been tested and comply with the requirements of the above standard. Examples of some typical pipe supports are presented in the diagram below.

Figure 4.9 Typical pipe supports

4.19.5 Pipe joints



Pipes are joined by a range of methods to suit the type of material, the pipe diameter, the location and the erection procedure.

4.19.6 Copper pipe

Jointing of copper pipe may include:

• Brazing, silver brazing or (soft soldering if approved in your state/territory).

• Manipulated joints. These are joints where the copper pipe is deformed using a specified tool to form a socket, etc. Joints formed in this way are silver brazed. Branch pipes must remain in close contact but not intrude into the bore of the main pipe.

• Capillary fittings. These are soldered joints that must comply with AS3688.

• Compression/crimping fittings. These fittings form a mechanical joint that does not require solder or brazing.

4.19.7 Plastic pipe

Jointing of plastic pipe may include the following.

• Solvent cementing in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations.

• Compression/crimp type fittings.

• Heat fusion.

• Screwed joints. Where screwed joints are used the screw thread must not reduce the effective wall thickness below that of the pipe. A thread sealant must be used with all threaded joints. The recommended thread sealant is teflon tape.

Note:

Care must be taken to ensure the threaded inlet orifice is not blocked by the teflon tape.



4.19.8 Sprinklers

Sprinklers are screw threaded fittings, that are fitted to distribution pipes, droppers, risers, etc as the installation proceeds. There is a wide range of sprinklers for a variety of applications. Sprinklers are colour coded for a range of release temperatures. An example of a standard type sprinkler is shown in the diagram below.

Figure 4.10 Standard sprinkler

While pipes are at floor level the male thread of the fitting is wrapped in teflon tape and screwed firmly into position. Fittings for droppers or risers are similarly fitted after the dropper has been cut to length and threaded. Thus as the pipe sections are lifted into position the associated fittings are already attached.

The pipework must be installed first with the sprinklers installed in the second stage (fit off) while the sprinkler protective strap is only removed at the final commissioning, see appendix ‘D’.

Each type of sprinkler and each make have specific installation wrenches (spanners). Always use the correct manufacturers’ wrench.

Figure 4.11 Installation Wrenches (Spanners)

Sprinkler protective strap



Note: If the sprinkler is of the glass type care must be taken not to touch the glass as this will affect its life span. All sprinklers must be handled with care.

Figure 4.12 Sprinkler

4.19.9 Pressure switches

A pressure switch is installed at the control valve station and operates the alarm when flow starts. The pressure switch is normally a screw fitting. Pressure switches are threaded fittings. The male thread is wrapped in teflon tape and screwed firmly into a pre-threaded connection point.

Figure 4.13 Pressure Switch

4.19 10 Escutcheon plates

Escutcheon plates are fitted to sprinklers for mainly aesthetic reasons. They are normally metal and must comply with AS2118 Clause 6.1. Escutcheon plates fit around sprinklers in ceiling panels and may be a one or two part design that clips or screws on. An example of an escutcheon plate is given below.

Figure 4.13 Escutcheon plate



Note:

Only use escutcheon plates with the sprinkler for which they are designed.

4.20 Installing the pipe and fittings The installation of piping systems should if possible be carried out in stage one.

4.20.1 Rough-in includes:

• Setting out short sections of the work. Starting with mains pipes;

• Lifting the pipe sections into position;

• Locating and installing the pipe supports to correct spacing;

• Check against plan that all specifications have been met; and

• Testing. The installation of sprinklers is carried out in two stages.

4.20.2 Fit-off includes:

• Droppers, (if installed to be a maximum of 75mm);

• Sprinklers fitted;

• Ceiling tiles fitted (by others);

• Escutcheon plates fitted; and

• Commission the system. The removal of the sprinkler protective straps and final checking of the system is carried out in stage three.

• Removal of sprinkler protective straps;

• Final check of the systems for any damage; and

• Leave the operational manual, two replacement sprinklers and spanner

Section 5 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS Pipe sizing is not a part of this unit and must be conducted by a competent qualified plumber in accordance with Australian standard AS2118.5 Section 4.



Section 6 INSTALLATION DESIGN CONDITIONS

6.1 Minimum sprinkler pressure

The minimum residual pressure at the most hydraulically disadvantaged sprinkler, with two sprinklers operating, shall be 50 kPa. Greater residual pressures are required where the ceiling slope exceeds 1 in 6 (9°) or sprinkler area coverage is greater than 24 m2. In such cases the requirements contained in the manufacturer’s data sheets shall apply.

As stated earlier in these notes, a home fire sprinkler system shall consist of the following main components:

• Pipes and fittings.

• Valves.

• Drinking water meter assembly; or

• Non-drinking water meter assembly; or

• Water storage tank

• Sprinklers.

• A pump, if required.

• Smoke alarms. Only new components and materials shall be used in the installation of sprinkler systems. Components shall be installed in accordance with their listed approvals

6.2 Combined piping systems Pipe and pipe fittings used in combined sprinkler installations, other than branches to plumbing fixtures or appliances, shall be not less than DN 20, and shall be installed to the requirements of AS/NZS 3500.1.

All pipes and fittings used in a combined sprinkler installations shall bear WaterMark approval for sprinklers

6.3 Independent piping systems Pipe and fittings used in independent sprinkler systems shall comply with the requirements of AS 4118.2.1.

Listed PVC-C pipe and pipe fittings may also be used for independent systems. Pipes and fittings shall have a working pressure of at least 1.2 MPa at 20ºC.



6.4 Pipe protection Underground piping shall be installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1.

6.5 Protection against fire

Piping shall be either plastics piping listed for fire protection purposes or made from metal.

Plastics piping shall be protected behind a wall or ceiling lining of 9.5 mm plasterboard, 12 mm plywood or a suspended ceiling or tiles having a mass not less than 1.7 kg/m2, installed in metal suspension grids or other material providing equivalent protection.

NOTE:

An acceptable test for assessing equivalent protection against fire is set out in AS2118.5 Appendix G

6.6 Pipe identification

6.6.1 Combined systems

Piping for combined sprinkler systems connected to non-drinking water supplies shall be identified with pipe markers bearing the words ‘SPRINKLER SYSTEM—NON-DRINKING WATER’ with letters of a minimum height of 5 mm located at not more than 1 m intervals, as outlined within AS/NZS3500.1.

Note:

Non-drinking water pipe installation must meet the requirements as outlined in AS/NZS3500.1 Section 9.

6.6.2 Independent systems

Piping for independent sprinkler systems shall be identified with pipe markers bearing the words ‘SPRINKLER SYSTEM’ with letters of a minimum height of 5 mm located at not more than 1 metre intervals.

6.7 Pipe supports

Pipe supports shall be spaced in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1 and located within 300 mm each side of sprinklers.

6.8 VALVES

6.8.1 General

All valves used in combined and independent sprinkler installations shall comply with the requirements of the National Plumbing Products Certification Scheme, AS 5200, and shall be installed to the requirements of AS/NZS 3500.1. All valves and fittings used in combined sprinkler installations shall bear WaterMark approval.



6.8.2 Backflow protection

Backflow prevention for combined or independent systems shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1 and local network utility operator’s requirements.

6.8.3 Domestic service isolating valve (independent systems)

An isolating valve (full-flow) shall be installed in the domestic service to permit isolation of the service without interruption of the water supply to the independent sprinkler installation [see Figures 3.3.2(A) and 3.3.2(B)].

NOTE:

In the case of independent systems, a listed automatic priority valve, bearing the WaterMark, may be installed at the branch to the sprinkler system to shut off the domestic water supply and maintain the design pressure required for the sprinkler system.

6.8.4 Remote test valve and test assembly

A normally closed valve (full-flow) i.e., ball valve, capable of discharging 112 L/min, shall be located externally at the most hydraulically disadvantaged point from the piping grid, and arranged to accept the test assembly illustrated in Figure 6.1. The test assembly (which is not permanently installed) shall incorporate a pressure gauge and dual outlets simulating two home sprinklers. The valve shall be labelled ‘SPRINKLER TEST POINT:

Figure 6.1 SPRINKLER WATER SUPPLY TEST ASSEMBLY

Sprinkler Test Point

(Annual flow test)

..…L/min at ….. kPa



Figure 6.2 REMOTE TEST VALVE LABLE

Section 7 WATER METER ASSEMBLY

7.1 General

Where home sprinkler systems are supplied through a metered service, a meter assembly, in accordance with the requirements of the network utility operator, shall be installed.

7.1.1 Meter valve tag(s)

All tags shall be of durable metal or plastic. Meter valves controlling the supply of water to the sprinkler system shall indicate the direction of closing and shall have the warning tag illustrated BELOW affixed thereto.

WARNING

FIRE SPRINKLER SUPPLY-CLOSURE WILL ISOLATE SPRINKLER PROTECTION

Figure 6.3 WARNING TAG-SPRINKLER CONNECTION

Where a pumpset is installed, the additional warning tag illustrated in Figure 6.4 shall be affixed to the tap

WARNING

FIRE SPRINKLER PUMP INSTALLED SWITCH PUMP OFF

BEFORE CLOSING THIS TAP

Figure 6.4 WARNING TAG-PUMP INSTALLED



Section 8 SPRINKLERS

8.1 General

Home sprinklers as stated earlier within these notes shall be:

(a) listed residential type with WaterMark approval (b) be of the concealed, flush or pendent type; and © have a K factor of 7.1 (litres/min and kilopascals).

NOTE:

Residential sprinklers having a K factor other than 7.1 may be incorporated in a home sprinkler system design subject to layout in accordance with AS 2118.5, compliance with the applicable data sheets and full hydraulic calculation.

Characteristics:

Fast response

K factor: 7.1 (L/m kPa)

Thread size: 15 mm

Figure 6.5 (a) Residential Concealed Pendent Sprinklers, Flat Plate

Characteristics:

Fast response


Thread size: 15 mm

Figure 6.5 (b) Residential Concealed Pendent Sprinkler, Domed Plate



Characteristics:

Fast response


Thread size: 15 mm

Figure 6.5 © Residential Pendent Sprinklers

TYPICAL HOME SPRINKLERS

Figure 6.6 TYPICAL PENDENT HOME SPRINKLER

SHOWING MAJOR ELEMENTS



Figure 6.7 TYPICAL CONCEALED PENDENT HOME SPRINKLER

SHOWING MAJOR ELEMENTS

Section 9 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

9.1 Testing the piping system The testing procedure may be carried out in two parts:

• a preliminary air test check for any major leaks such as open ends of pipes or missing sprinklers. This would be carried out on large installations, preventing any water damage to the property

• a final hydraulic test

9.1.1 Hydraulic test

The hydraulic testing of a home sprinkler system should follow the procedure outlined below.

• Visually check that the installation is complete.

• Check the stage being tested has been isolated from other stages.

• Check the system pump is installed (if there is one) or connect a temporary pump for test.

• The pump may be installed at an isolation valve, or a temporary connection made at the start of the stage to be tested. Areas not forming part of the test should be blanked off.

• Open the control valve to fill the system with water.



• Open the bleed valve at a remote point in the system to allow for the removal of air from the system. Where no bleed valve is included in the design remove a sprinkler from the furthest point and re-connect when the water comes through.

• Bring the pressure up in intervals of 200 kPa. Hold the pressure for 30 minutes at each interval. If there are any signs of leaks from sprinklers or joints, these can be tightened as the test proceeds.

• On reaching the test pressure (1,500 kPa or as specified) hold for 30 minutes or as specified in the project specifications.

• If for any reason the test fails, identify and correct faults and re-test.

• The builder or representative and/or the water utility/inspection authority may be required to witness the start and finish of the test time and to sign off.

• Record the test data on the company form provided and follow company policy to enter the document into the record system. This process would normally be part of the company quality assurance procedures.

• To commission the system it must be complete, tested, inspected and passed, and issue a ‘Completion Certification’ certificate (see Appendix B) by a licensed plumber before use.

9.1.2 Commissioning

The installer shall perform the following commissioning tests prior to issuing a completion certificate:

(a) Completely flush all supply piping before connection is made to the sprinkler piping. (b) Test system piping hydrostatically at a pressure of 1500 kPa for not less than 30 min. (c) Rectify the cause of any drop in gauge pressure or visual evidence of leakage. (d) Confirm the water supply flow and pressure meets the design requirements. Conduct a

verification flow test utilising the test method outlined in Appendix ‘A’ at the remote test valve (refer section on Remote test valve and test assembly).

(e) Ensure proper functioning of all components critical to the correct operation of the sprinkler system.

(f) Include pumps and automatic alarms where installed. (g) Complete system pressure and flow characteristics in the Home Sprinklers Owner’s

Guide Appendix ‘B’. (h) Provide a copy of the Home Sprinklers Owner’s Guide to the owner (or occupier) upon

commissioning of the system in accordance with Appendix ‘B’. (i) Confirm all system labels and tags required by this Standard are installed and legible.

NOTES:

1. An example of a completion certification is shown in Appendix ‘B’. 2. For typical water supply and pressure flow information, see Appendix ‘A’. Note:

Remember to obtain a full understanding of the installation requirements for a home fire sprinkler system; therefore students should obtain a copy of Australian standard AS 2118.5.



APPENDICES

Appendix A

Water Supply Test

General

Prior to installing a home sprinkler system the water supply tests set out below should be carried out on site at a time of known peak demand.

Static Pressure Test

The procedure is as follows:

(a) Select a garden tap (or meter valve) close to the water meter

(b) Connect a pressure gauge to the

selected test point (c) Turn on the tap or valve (d) Record the static pressure reading,

date and time of the test.



Residual Pressure Test

The procedure shall be as follows:

(a) Using the same garden tap, select a large bucket (25 L would be adequate) (b) Open the garden tap fully (c) Place the bucket under the outlet (d) Note the time taken to fill the bucket to overflowing (in seconds), and record the residual

(flowing) pressure (e) Calculate the flow in litres per minute, using the procedure on the following worked

example (see also Table A1 over):

Worked example:

It takes, for example, 13 s to fill a 25 L bucket

Divide the number of litres (25 L) by the number of seconds it takes to fill the bucket (13 s) to determine the flow rate expressed in litres per second (1.92 L/s). Multiply by 60 to obtain 115.2 L/min.

Using a stop watch to time the filling of a bucket

Alternatively a volume flow measuring cup could be used



PRESSURE AND FLOW TEST—WORKED EXAMPLE

Householder’s name

Address

Date of test

Time of day 1.48 pm

Location of garden tap (test point) Front garden, near meter

a = bucket capacity 25 L

b = time to fill bucket 13 s

a ÷ b litres per second 1.92 L/s

To get litres per minute multiply L/s × 60 1.92 × 60 = 115.2 L/min

A flow rate of 115 L/min is acceptable (because the system requires a minimum 100 L/min for the sprinklers and 12 L/min for simultaneous domestic demand). However, adequate residual (flowing) pressure is also required. In this case, ‘adequate pressure’ means pressure equal to or exceeding the ‘total pressure required’.



Appendix B

Completion Certificate

We (name of installer) ............................................................................................ of ............................................................................................................................

hereby certify that we have completed on (date) .... /.... / ......a (name of system) ..................

Automatic sprinkler installation(s), extension(s) designed and erected in accordance with AS 2118.5, Automatic fire sprinklers systems—Home fire sprinkler systems.

Name of householder .............................................................................................

Address of protected premises ...............................................................................

Commissioning test completed and satisfactory YES/NO .......................................

If NO, insert the verified flow results

Date of placing sprinklers in full commission..... / ......... / .........

Water Supply

The following water supplies have been provided:

Water main size .......................................................................................................

Supply pipe size .......................................................................................................

Tank:

Construction...................................................................................................

Capacity............................................................................................... litres.

Pump:

Power source ................................................................................................

Capacity.............................................................................................. L/min.

Pressure ........................................................................................................

Remarks: .................................................................................................................

Signature:............................................................................ Date: ..... / ...... / ..........

WATER SUPPLY TEST

(Attached water supply authority information as applicable)

Date Time Test location Test equipment Results



Appendix C

Maintenance

General

Routine checks should be carried out to ensure the system will perform as required. These may be carried out by a specialist contractor or the householder. If the routine checks indicate conditions may impact on the reliability of the system, specialist advice should be sought.

It is also important to check whether any building alterations or changes to the water supply will require changes to the sprinkler system in order to maintain performance.

Monthly Checks

The following checks should be carried out monthly:

(a) Check pumps, if applicable, start correctly (b) Where pumps are used, clean the filter and check the pressure vessel (c) Ensure all isolation valves that affect system water supplies are fully open (d) Open the valve at the test assembly to ensure water is present

Annual Checks

The following checks should be carried out annually:

(a) Connect a test assembly to the remote test point valve (see Figure 6.1) (b) Check the sprinkler water supply pressure gauge to ensure the ‘static’ pressure has not

deteriorated below the minimum required water supply pressure (c) Open the test valve and record the ‘residual’ (flowing) pressure. If either of these

pressure readings are less than the pressure recorded at commissioning, specialised advice should be sought

(d) Inspect the sprinkler system to ensure sprinklers have not been damaged, painted or unduly obstructed

(e) Backflow prevention device should be tested in accordance with AS/NZS2845.3

NOTE:

AS1851 also contains provisions for the maintenance of fire sprinkler systems



Appendix D

Installer Warnings for handling sprinklers



Worksheet

Name:……………………………………………………………

CPCPWT3030A – Install home fire sprinkler systems

The student is to complete this worksheet before doing the practical installation.

The worksheet will form part of the assessment and must be checked and signed off by your trainer or supervisor.

1. What is the prime objective of a home fire sprinkler system?

2. Which Australian standards is a home fire sprinkler system to be installed to?

3. There are TWO (2) types of piping systems used in a home fire sprinkler systems, what are their names and uses?

a)

b)

4. For a home fire sprinkler system to be effective in detecting and controlling fires, what must also be installed with it?

5. Home fire sprinkler systems are installed as a wet system, what is a wet system?

6. What is the maximum length of a branch pipe terminating at a sprinkler?



7. The available water supply needs to be sufficient to provide a minimum design flow of L/min at the required pressure for a duration of not less than min.

8. What size inlet thread does a sprinkler have?

9. If you need to install home sprinkler in a ceiling space with a temperature greater than 38°C and less than 68°C, what type of sprinkler would need to be installed?

10. Companies have a policy for assuring quality to the customer, what are these policies designed to control?

11. A pressure switch is installed at the control valve station, what is its function?

12. Pipe supports shall be spaced in accordance with AS/NZS 3500 and located within mm each side of sprinklers

13. Name the standard that covers pressure testing of a combined domestic water system and a home fire sprinkler systems.

14. How would you minimise water damage when testing a large home fire sprinkler system?

15. Give THREE (3) examples of areas needing to be checked monthly on a home fire sprinkler system.

(a)

(b)

(c)

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