plt horizontal

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PRODUCTION LOGGING

INTRODUCTION New Tools and Techniques for More

Accurate Logging in Horizontal and Deviated Wells

Center-Sampling Tools Misdiagnose Horizontal Wells

In vertical wells oil gas and water remain uniormly distributed

across the wellbore However when wells deviate more than

20 degrees rom vertical fluids begin to separate into their own

streams and move at different rates Lighter fluids move along the

high side o the well heavier fluids along the low side

Analyzing Flow Rates Volumes Fluid EntryExit Points

In these conditions standard center-sampling devices cannotaccurately quantiy distributions and velocities Tey produce

incorrect volume estimates and misdiagnose fluid entry or exit

points Tis makes it difficult to optimize production

Te problem becomes worse as wells approach horizontal and

their paths begin to undulate Finding the source o water

production with center-sampling tools in these conditions can be

difficult or impossible Due to the toolrsquos location in the wellbore

the sensor may not fi nd the fluid in the zone that is producing it

Multisensor Tools Sample All Phases of

Production Accurately

o remedy this problem a new generation o tools senses fluids

and flow rates across the wellbore Multiple sensors in

Halliburtonrsquos new Capacitance and Spinner Array ools accurately

log the entire cross section o horizontal and deviated wells over

the entire zone ndash even i the orientation o the tool varies

In multizone wells Halliburtonrsquos new tools can identiy the flow

rates and volumes o each fluid at each stage Tis makes it

possible to quickly determine the source o water production and

take remedial actions that increase production o oil and gas and

extend the lie o the well

Need for Specialized Logging Software amp Expertise

Because these tools are so new ew people know how to interpret

logs they produce Accordingly Halliburton offers interpretation

as a service using specialized proprietary sofware Tis sofware

integrates data provided by traditional sensors with the newer

arrays then outputs the results into Kapparsquos industry-leading

Emeraudereg package resulting in a comprehensive analysis in an

easy-to-read log ormat Tis allows engineers to easily develop

intervention programs that truly address production issues

Production Array Log InterpretationComplete Customized Interpretation Supports Better Intervention

H A L 3 0 3 2 3

Avoiding Costly Mistakes

Tis horizontal well was producing 600 barrels o hydrocarbons and 15000

barrels o water per day Our log clearly showed all hydrocarbons werecoming rom the zone at the ar right raditional center-sampling tools

could not see where oil and gas were coming rom

Te clientrsquos reservoir model suggested that oil should have been coming rom

Zone 2 Afer setting a bridge plug to block off Zone 1 the well started producing 1500 barrels o oil and 600 barrels o water per day Te higher pressure rom

Zone 1 had not been allowing the hydro-carbons to enter rom Zone 2

Production Array Log Interpretation

Compared to traditional tools with a single centered sensor

Halliburtonrsquos multisensor Capacitance Array ool (CA) and

Spinner Array ool (SA) offer several eatures that provide

important benefits

Features

bull Multiple sensors along with tool rotation and relative bearing

measurements increase wellbore coverage

bull Processed data easily shared between Halliburton and clientsusing Emeraudereg eatures

bull Interpretation options based on data availability and quality

bull Linked with Kappa Emeraude to provide seamless processing

bull Horizontal and vertical displays showing phase segregation

bull Allows three dimensional imaging with Halliburton sofware



PRODUCTION LOGGING

Benefits

bull Accurate holdup and velocity measurements at any inclination

bull Downhole flow rates determined independently o slip velocity

bull VD displays allow visualization o wellbore undulations and

effects on holdups and velocity bull Links with Emeraude to provide complete interpretation

including phase flow rates both downhole and at surace

bull Customized interpretation based on available data CASA

alone or with other sensors

Advantages of Array Tools Over Center-Sampling

Devices In Deviated Wells

Diagnose multizone multiphase wells better

Deviated wellbores with multiple completions are very difficult to

evaluate especially when fluids become segregated (see example

above) Zone D shows very high water holdup while Zone C shows

increasing oil holdup and the beginning o fluid stratification As

oil holdup increases lighter hydrocarbons segregate to the high

side o the hole while water congregates on the low side

Te interace between oil and water may be well defined or

irregular depending upon the velocity o the flow Defining the

holdups o each phase is extremely difficult with a center-sampling device Only tools with multiple sensors that measure

the entire wellbore can provide reliable measurements a single

centered sensor may not measure each o the respective phases

Identify fluid fallback and thief zones

Individual reservoir pressures and parameters along with wellbore

pressure determine the velocity o fluids in the wellbore Depending

on the reservoir there may or may not be water allback I there is

allback influence on the spinner may be severe and provide less

than adequate inormation regarding fluid and phase velocity

H A L 3 0 3 2 7

In deviated wells 1047298uid 1047298ow segregates into different phases Lighter

1047298uids move to high side and heavy 1047298uids to low Sensors in our new

generation of array production logging tools provide continuous cross-

sectional measurements of water holdup (dark blue) and 1047298uid

velocities in any wellbore

H A L 3 0 6 7 0

Stand-Alone Capacitance Analysis

rack 1 shows gamma ray temperature and pressure along with the

wellbore deviation and relative bearing o Sensor 1

rack 2 shows the average o 12 CA sensors with fluid density Right sideo track shows water lef shows hydrocarbons

rack 3 displays cross-sectional o six CA sensors Blue indicates relative

bearing o Arm 1 Length o gray arms indicates type o fluid each arm is

measuring ndash short or water longer or hydrocarbons

rack 4 is a map oriented rom high side to low side back to high sideLighter fluids should be on high side while water should be in center o track

rack 5 is the vertical presentation o CA data and is oriented so low side

is on lef and high on right Te white line indicates wellbore center where

center-reading tool strings would be Heavier water segregates on low sideo casing while lighter hydrocarbons flow on high side

rack 6 shows holdups calculated by using vertical segregation o fluids as

a percentage o pipe area to provide a more accurate holdup reading

rack 7 shows holdups calculated using the equivalent weight method thus

providing average holdup

Halliburtonrsquos array sensors are well suited or any deviated well

analysis Tey can identiy and quantiy fluid allback Tis

improves understanding o the contributions o individual zones

to the total flow It also helps identiy thie zones where valuable

fluids may be escaping beore reaching the surace

Revealing the Precise Sources of Oil Gas and

Water Production



PRODUCTION LOGGING

Providing Accurate Velocity Information

Six Spinners Cover Entire Wellbore Cross Section

Halliburtonrsquos Spinner Array ool (SA) provides six radial spinner

measurements that create a velocity profile o the entire wellbore

Te log above shows the standard processed interpretation

Halliburton can customize this based on your needs

What This Log Shows

CA and SA displays are similar allowing easy comparisons o

both the holdups and velocities in the wellbore

Te sensor display shows the relative velocity o the six SA

spinners At Depth A we see downflow o fluid on the low side o

the casing while positive fluid movement is occurring on the high

side Immediately above this depth there are areas o increasing

fluid velocity ollowed by a slowing velocity Te CA log shows

corresponding changes in holdups at this depth

Providing Accurate Flow Information on Each Phase

Combined CATSAT Eliminating the problem of

slip velocity between phases

Correlating holdup and velocity inormation shows you actual flow

rates and flow directions o each phase or the first time ogether

these logs eliminate the problem o estimating slip velocity between

phases Tis is a radical step orward in log analysis

H A L 3 0 3 2 6

H A L 3 0 3 2 5

What Tis Log Shows

Zone A is an example o fluid allback as seen by the SA Correlating

capacitance and velocity analyses allows determination o the total flow

without relying on slip analysis

Tis combination provides the best solutions or horizontal deviated and multiphase flows including upflow downflow and possible circulation flow

In this well most o the production is rom the perorations at B Tis

processing simplifies visualization o complicated flows as seen by thesegregation o the fluids in both the CA and SA vertical displays in Zone

C Tis improved interpretation will result in better understanding o thebehavior o downhole fluids It will also result in applying the correct

intervention program or each specific situation

Stand-Alone Velocity Analysis



rack 2 shows the average velocity (AVE VA) o six SA spinners Fromthese we calculate the velocity near the center o the wellbore (CENER

VA) Tis calculated velocity closely ollows the inline spinner VA in

segregated flow

rack 3 shows arm position and relative velocity o six SA spinnersLonger arms indicate higher velocities shorter arms indicate slower

velocities (including negative velocity) Tis shows the highest velocity on

the high side o the wellbore with some downflow occurring on the low side

rack 4 presents minimum average and maximum VA o six SA spinners

rack 5 shows the image created rom the six separate SA velocities Teblack (-63) to white (0) indicate negative velocity while yellow (0) to dark

brown (225) indicate positive VAs in eetmin Te center o the track shows

the low side while the lef and right edges show the high side o the wellbore Notice that the highest downflow is on the low side around X082

rack 6 shows a cross-sectional view o SA VAs with low side on lef and

high side on right Te SA sees fluid flowing downhole on the low sidewith positive values on the high side



PRODUCTION LOGGING

wwwhalliburtoncom

copy 2009 Halliburton All rights reserved Sales of Halliburton products and services will be in accord solely with the terms and conditions contained in thecontract between Halliburton and the customer that is applicable to the sale H06505 409

How This Analysis

Saved an Expensive

Intervention

Water production in this well

caused the owner to considerremedial action Te owner

ordered CA and SA logs to

determine the waterrsquos source

Tese logs showed that upper

perorations were not providing

any appreciable fluid entry

Higher pressure at B was orcing

water down to A which was

acting as a thie zone Setting a

bridge plug below these

perorations could have actually

increased water production and

decreased oil production Te

well was already acting as a

downhole separator

Te logging operation saved the

cost o a remedy that would

have most likely been

counterproductive

The Value of Combined

CATSAT Interpretation

Halliburtonrsquos CA and SA tools

are now available together ndash with

an interpretation service ndash orthe first time Tis service can

tell you precisely where fluids are

flowing in your well and at what

rates No longer do you have to

rely on estimates produced by

slip analysis Now you can have

direct measurements

Te inormation provided can

help improve your reservoir

model or fi x a production

problem in your well Tis

inormation helps avoid costly

interventions that may be

counter-productive and helps

design precise interventions that

produce positive results by

addressing real issues

Ultimately this inormation

assists in optimizing production

and extending the producing lie

o your well

H A L 3 0 3 2 8

H A L 3 0 3 3 0

CA and SA developed in part through cooperation with Sondex

Capacitance Array Tool

(CAT)

Spinner Array Tool

(SAT)



PRODUCTION LOGGING

Benefits

bull Accurate holdup and velocity measurements at any inclination

bull Downhole flow rates determined independently o slip velocity

bull VD displays allow visualization o wellbore undulations and

effects on holdups and velocity bull Links with Emeraude to provide complete interpretation

including phase flow rates both downhole and at surace

bull Customized interpretation based on available data CASA

alone or with other sensors

Advantages of Array Tools Over Center-Sampling

Devices In Deviated Wells

Diagnose multizone multiphase wells better

Deviated wellbores with multiple completions are very difficult to

evaluate especially when fluids become segregated (see example

above) Zone D shows very high water holdup while Zone C shows

increasing oil holdup and the beginning o fluid stratification As

oil holdup increases lighter hydrocarbons segregate to the high

side o the hole while water congregates on the low side

Te interace between oil and water may be well defined or

irregular depending upon the velocity o the flow Defining the

holdups o each phase is extremely difficult with a center-sampling device Only tools with multiple sensors that measure

the entire wellbore can provide reliable measurements a single

centered sensor may not measure each o the respective phases

Identify fluid fallback and thief zones

Individual reservoir pressures and parameters along with wellbore

pressure determine the velocity o fluids in the wellbore Depending

on the reservoir there may or may not be water allback I there is

allback influence on the spinner may be severe and provide less

than adequate inormation regarding fluid and phase velocity

H A L 3 0 3 2 7

In deviated wells 1047298uid 1047298ow segregates into different phases Lighter

1047298uids move to high side and heavy 1047298uids to low Sensors in our new

generation of array production logging tools provide continuous cross-

sectional measurements of water holdup (dark blue) and 1047298uid

velocities in any wellbore

H A L 3 0 6 7 0

Stand-Alone Capacitance Analysis



rack 2 shows the average o 12 CA sensors with fluid density Right sideo track shows water lef shows hydrocarbons

rack 3 displays cross-sectional o six CA sensors Blue indicates relative

bearing o Arm 1 Length o gray arms indicates type o fluid each arm is

measuring ndash short or water longer or hydrocarbons

rack 4 is a map oriented rom high side to low side back to high sideLighter fluids should be on high side while water should be in center o track

rack 5 is the vertical presentation o CA data and is oriented so low side

is on lef and high on right Te white line indicates wellbore center where

center-reading tool strings would be Heavier water segregates on low sideo casing while lighter hydrocarbons flow on high side

rack 6 shows holdups calculated by using vertical segregation o fluids as

a percentage o pipe area to provide a more accurate holdup reading

rack 7 shows holdups calculated using the equivalent weight method thus

providing average holdup

Halliburtonrsquos array sensors are well suited or any deviated well

analysis Tey can identiy and quantiy fluid allback Tis

improves understanding o the contributions o individual zones

to the total flow It also helps identiy thie zones where valuable

fluids may be escaping beore reaching the surace

Revealing the Precise Sources of Oil Gas and

Water Production



PRODUCTION LOGGING







What This Log Shows
















H A L 3 0 3 2 6

H A L 3 0 3 2 5

What Tis Log Shows














segregated flow












PRODUCTION LOGGING

wwwhalliburtoncom


How This Analysis

Saved an Expensive

Intervention
















downhole separator




counterproductive











direct measurements














o your well

H A L 3 0 3 2 8

H A L 3 0 3 3 0



(CAT)

Spinner Array Tool

(SAT)



PRODUCTION LOGGING







What This Log Shows
















H A L 3 0 3 2 6

H A L 3 0 3 2 5

What Tis Log Shows














segregated flow












PRODUCTION LOGGING

wwwhalliburtoncom


How This Analysis

Saved an Expensive

Intervention
















downhole separator




counterproductive











direct measurements














o your well

H A L 3 0 3 2 8

H A L 3 0 3 3 0



(CAT)

Spinner Array Tool

(SAT)



PRODUCTION LOGGING

wwwhalliburtoncom


How This Analysis

Saved an Expensive

Intervention
















downhole separator




counterproductive











direct measurements














o your well

H A L 3 0 3 2 8

H A L 3 0 3 3 0



(CAT)

Spinner Array Tool

(SAT)

plt horizontal

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