plio pleistocene time map
DESCRIPTION
Plio Pleistocene time mapTRANSCRIPT
280200 240
MagneticSusceptibility
Miocene
Pliocene
Ple
isto
cene
Holocene
C3A
C3
C2A
C2
C1
Gelasian
Calabrian
Ionian
Tarantian
Santomian
Emilian
Sicilian
Tyrrhenian
N17b
N18
N20/ N21
N22
M13
M14
PL1
PL2
PL3
PL4
PL5
PL6
Pt1
b
a
b
a
b
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides
Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica
Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata
Globorotalia tumida
Globorotalia tosaensis
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac)
Dentoglobigerina altispira
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae
Globoturborotalita nepenthes
Globoquadrina dehiscens
Bolliella calida
Globorotalia flexuosa
Globorotalia hirsuta
Globorotalia crassaformis hessi
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str.
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Menardella pertenuis
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l.
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens
Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia sphericomiozea
Globorotalia margaritae
Globorotalia flexuosa
Globoquadrina pseudofoliata
Pulleniatina finalis
Globigerinoides extremus
Menardella pertenuis
Globoturborotalita decoraperta
Menardella multicamerata
Hirsutella cibaoensis
Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula
Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance)
Pulleniatina primalis
Pulleniatina spectabilis
Globigerinoides seiglei
Globorotalia lenguaensis
Globigerinoides ruber rosa
Globigerina cariacoensis
Pulleniatina finalis
Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance
Globorotalia truncatulinoides[Pacific]
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)
Globorotalia inflata
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)
Globorotalia tosaensis
Menardella exilis
Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi
Globorotalia humilis
Globigerinoides conglobatus
Globoturborotalita obliquus
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
Globoturborotalita apertura
Menardella exilis
Menardella limbata
Globoturborotalita woodi
Globoquadrina baroemoenensis
Globorotalia plesiotumida
alt
NN
11a
NN12
NN13
NN14
NN15
NN16
NN17
NN18
NN19
NN20
NN21
c
d
CN9
CN10
CN11
CN12
CN13
CN14
CN15
c
d
a
b
c
a
b
a
b
c
d
a
b
a
b
Emiliania huxleyi
medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance
(reemG event)
medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event)
Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO)
Ceratolithus rugosus
Ceratolithus acutus
Pseudoemiliania lacunosa
Discoaster brouweri
Discoaster pentaradiatus
Discoaster surculus
Discoaster tamalis
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
Discoaster tricorniculatus
Amaurolithus primus
Discoaster quinqueramus
Nicklithus amplificus
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in"
transitional" waters]
Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)
Discoaster triradiatus (acme)
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata
Helicosphaera sellii
Calcidiscus macintyrei
Discoaster triradiatus
Sphenolithus spp.
Reticulofenestra antarctica
Ceratolithus acutus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
Emiliania huxleyi (acme in Mediterreanean)
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in tropical and subtropical waters]
Gephyrocapsa sp.3 FAD; end of small Gephyrocapsa spp.
dominance
large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (blG event)
Transition of Ceratolithus acutus to C. rugosus in Atlantic
Ceratolithus larrymayeri (sp.1)
Gephyrocapsa sp.3
Reticulofenestra asanoi (LCO)
large (over 5.5 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. LAD (tlG event)& beginning of small
Gephyrocapsa spp. dominance
D20
D21
a
b
a
b
c
Spiniferites elongatus
Spiniferites pachyderma
Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus
Operculodinium tegillatum
Tectatodinium pellitum
Invertocysta tabulata
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
Barssidinium evangelinae
Selenopemphix dionaeacysta
Melitasphaeridium choanophorum
Spiniferites splendidus
NSR 10 (Bolbo. metsmacheri)
NSR 11 (Neoglob . atlantica)
NSR 12A (Glob. inflata)
NSR 12B (Cass. grossa)
NSR 13 (Cass. teretis)
Elphidium clavatum, Cassidulina teretis, Cassidulina
scaldisiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Cassidulina grossa, Ammonia beccari
Cassidulina grossa LCO, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri,
Nonion affine LCO, Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Globorotalia inflata (pl. foram)
S. North Sea: Hyalinea balthica
PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica, Globorotalia crassaformis, Globorotalia puncticulata,
Neogloboquadrina humerosa
Bolboforma metzmacheri, Cibicides telegdi; PLANK.
FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral), Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina
acostaensis
RN
9R
N10
RN
11a
RN
11b
RN
12a
RN
12b
RN
13R
N14
RN
15R
N16
RN
17
Buccinosphaera invaginata
Collosphaera tuberosa
Stylatractus universus
Anthocyrtidium angulare
Pterocanium prismatium
Anthocyrtidium jenghisi
Stichocorys peregrina
Phormostichoartus fistula
Phormostichoartus doliolum
Didymocyrtis penultima
Pterocorys hertwegii
Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum
Lamprocyrtis nigriniae
Anthocyrtidium angulare
Pterocorys zancleus
Cycladophora davisiana
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporus
Theocorythium trachelium trachelium.
Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus
Amphirhopalum ypsilon
Spongaster tetras tetras
Didymocyrtis avita
Pterocanium prismatium
Spongaster pentas
Pterocorys campanula
Anthocyrtidium nosicaae
Pterocorys campanula
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos
Anthocyrtidium michelinae
Theocorythium vetulum
Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi
Didymocyrtis avita
Anthocyrtidium pliocenica
Lychnodictyum audax
Spongaster pentas
Spongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi
Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus
Acrobotrys tritubus
Siphostichartus corona
Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa
Acrobotrys tritubus
NP
D7B
aN
PD
7Bb
NP
D7B
cN
PD
8N
PD
9N
PD
10N
PD
11N
PD
12
Neodenticula koizumii
Thalassiosira oestrupii
Proboscia curvirostris
Actinocyclus oculatus
Neodenticula koizumii
Neodenticula kamtschatica
T. insigna
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Proboscia curvirostris
Thalassiosira antiqua
Fragilariopsis doliolus
Neodenticula seminae
Actinocyclus oculatus
Thalassiosira latimarginata
Thalassiosira praeoestrupii
Thallassiosira jouseae
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Coscinodiscus pustulatus
Pyxidicula horridus
Pyxidicula pustulata
Thalassiosira convexa
Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO)
Thalassiosira marujamica
Thalassiosira jacksonii
Rouxia californica
Thalassiosira miocenica
Reuverian B
Reuverian C
Praetiglian
Tiglian
Eburonian
Waalian
Menapian
Bayelian
Cromerian Complex
Elsterian
Holsteinian
Saalian
Eemian
Weichselian
A, B, C1-3
C4c
C5-6
Bavel
Linge
Leerdam
Dorst
Waardenburg (Interglacial I)
Glacial a
Westerhoven (Interglacial II)
Glacial b
Rosmalen(Interglacial III)
Glacial c
Noordbergum (Interglacial IV)
Fuhne
Wacken / Domnitz
DrentheWarthe
Waltonian
Pre-Ludhamian
Ludhamian
Thurnian
Bramertonian / Antian
Pre-Pastonian / Baventian
Pastonian
Beestonian
Cromerian
Anglian
Hoxnian
Wolstonian
Ipswichian
Devensian
[un-named]
"Tottenhill"
Late
P
lioce
neE
ople
isto
cene
Neo
plei
stoc
ene
Verkhodon
Khapry
Tolucheevka
Krinitsa
Petropavlovian
Pokrovian
Ilynian
Donian
Muchkapian
Okian
Likhvinian
DnieperMoscovianMikulinian
Valdaian
MN
13M
N14
MN
15M
N16
MN
17un
-nam
ed
Pre-Illinoian
Illinoian
Sangamonian
Wisconsinian
K
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
Mon
tehe
rmos
anC
hapa
dmal
alan
Uqu
ian
Ens
enad
anLu
jani
an
RS
WL4
WS4
WL3
WS3
WL2
WS2
WL1
WS1
L15
S14L14S13L13S12L12S11L11S10L10S9
L9
S8L8S7L7S6
L6
S5
L5
S4
L4
S3L3
S2
L2
S1
L1
S0
Hem
phili
anB
lanc
anIr
ving
toni
anR
anch
olab
rean
Hh 3
Hh 4
Bl 1
Bl 2
Bl 3
Bl 4
Bl 5
Ir 1
Ir 2
Ir 3
Platygonus compressus
Megalonyx jeffersonii
Bison
Ondatara zibethicus
Smilodon populator
Clethrionomys
Microtus paroperarius
Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus
Euceratherium
Ondatra annectens, Microtus sp.(5T)
Synaptomys
Mammuthus
Megalonyx wheateyi
Phenacomys
Paramylodon harlani
Lepus
Platygonus vetus
Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys
pliocaenicus
Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis
Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Sylvilagus
Pliolemmus
Procastoroides
Stegomastodon, Platygonus bicalcaratus
Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus,
Glyptotherium
Pliopotamys
Ogmodontomys poaphagus
Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis
Ursus
Nanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis
Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela,
Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and
Miopetaurista (flying squirrel) in Hh 4
Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius
Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx
weatleyi
Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Platygonus vetus
Stegomastodon
Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus
Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra
idahoensis
Prodipodomys
Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens,
Glossotherium chapadmalense
Procasteroides
Paenemarmota,
Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus,
Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus
Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei
Megantereon
Ogmodontomys sawrockensis Delmontian
Repettian
Venturian
Wheelerian
Hallian
Mitc
helli
anC
helte
nham
ian
Kal
imna
nY
atal
anW
errik
ooia
n
Mangapanian
Nukumaruan
Castlecliffian
Haweran
Mes
sini
an
Zanclean
Pia
cenz
ian
Gelasian
E. Pleist.
M. Pleist.
Lt. Pleist.
5.33
1.81
2.59
3.60
0.126
0.012
0.79
Mes
sini
an
Zanclean
Pia
cenz
ian
Gelasian
E. Pleist.
M. Pleist.
Lt. Pleist.LGM
MIS 6
MIS 8
MIS 12
MIS 16
MIS 22
MIS 52 (Cala 2)
MIS 58 (Cala 1)
Ge 2
Ge 1
Pia 2
Pia 1
Za 2
Za 1
Me 2
0.64
0.44
0.27
0.14
0.02
0.86
1.54
1.65
2.16
2.50
2.80
3.27
4.01
4.62
5.77
Geo-magneticPolarity Sequences
GlobalT-R
Cycles
Sequences
Epoch StagePeriod
StandardChronostratigraphy
Planktonic Foraminifers
Zonal Markers Other Foraminifers Additional ForaminifersZones Other Nannofossils Additional Nannofossils
Calcareous Nannofossils
Zonal MarkersZones ZonesNorth Atlantic
Zonal Markers Other Dinocysts
Dinoflagellate Cysts
Zonal Markers Other Radiolarians
Radiolarians Diatoms
Zonal Markers Other DiatomsZonesZones
North SeaMicrofossil Zones
North Sea EventZones
South AmericaEurope
SALMA
Mammals
North American Mammals
Regional Stages
Australia
ChineseLoess
North AmericaNew
ZealandCalifornia
Eurasian Stages
Russian PlainNW Europe Britain
Regional StageAntarctic Ice Cores
ItalyNALMAELMA
Ag
eStage
Pliocene / Pleistocene (0-6 Ma time-slice)
Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998.Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.
Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al., 2004) and The CONCISE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M., 2008)
MarineO-18
Composite(0/00 PDB) (0/00 PDB)
Ag
e
5
6
4
3
2
1
0
5
6
4
3
2
1
0
δ - Deuterium CO2(ppmv)
3 4 5 -370-390-430 -410 210 20Units
Sponsored, in part, by:ICS
CHRONOS
PrecambrianPaleozoicMesozoicCen
TimeScaLe
CreatorR
Qua
tern
ary
Neo
gene
September 2008
5.33
1.81
2.59
3.60
0.126
0.012
0.79