1. DNA REPAIR MECHANISM Juliana Molina Valencia Third Semester Medicine UPB Molecular Biology February 2012 http://make-family-tree.com/dnagenealogy.html

2. FOLDING

3. FOLDING

4. INTRODUCTION Given the changes in the internal or external environment the body has the ability to respond to changes. Without these skills, the cells wouldn't have the capacity to live and continue reproducing.

5. SMALLER SIBLING PROTEIN CALLS THE SHOTS IN CELL DIVISION SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 3, 2012)

• Scientists have found a smaller sibling of protein ChK1, they named ChK1-s.

6. SMALLER SIBLING PROTEIN CALLS THE SHOTS IN CELL DIVISION SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 3, 2012) Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair The protein Chk1 works as a checkpoint in cell development, this protein avoids cell division until their DNA has been fully replicated or repaired.

7. SMALLER SIBLING PROTEIN CALLS THE SHOTS IN CELL DIVISION SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 3, 2012)

• In cancer cells and in fetal tissue, the levels of shorter form is higher, both require accelerated cell division.

• Studies revealed that Chk1-S actually reduce tumor growth and prompt premature cell division and death in other cells.

8. SMALLER SIBLING PROTEIN CALLS THE SHOTS IN CELL DIVISION SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 3, 2012)

• Chk1 and Chk1-S are made by the same gene they are just spliced differently, Chk1-S is only expressed at a time when DNA is replicated or repaired antagonizing its sibling protein.

Taken from: http://biofinity.org/interest.htm

9. PERSONAL OPINION

• Advances in medicine can improve care protocols with many diseases, leading to a less traumatic treatment in the patients life and with better results, thediscoveryof this proteinallows to haveadeeper knowledgeabout the DNA repair mechanisms, the studies of thisimportant regulatorhas allowedthe use ofthe proteinin the treatment ofcancer patients,showing improvements intheir health.

10. INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PROMOTES COLORECTAL CANCER BY STIFLING PROTECTIVE GENES SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 22, 2012) The development of colorectal cancer by shutting down genes that suppress tumors and repair damaged DNA it's increase by the function of a chemical that promotes inflammation, called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

11. INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PROMOTES COLORECTAL CANCER BY STIFLING PROTECTIVE GENES SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 22, 2012)

• Levels of PGE2 correlate with levels of two methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3, in human colorectal cancer specimens.

12. INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PROMOTES COLORECTAL CANCER BY STIFLING PROTECTIVE GENES SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 22, 2012) Taken from: http://www.astronoo.com/articles/regeneracionDeLosTejidos-es.html Mice treated with azacitidine (demethylating agent) experienced a 60% reduction in tumors, and those treated with celecoxib (anti-inflammatory agent), a 77%.

13. INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PROMOTES COLORECTAL CANCER BY STIFLING PROTECTIVE GENES SCIENCEDAILY (JAN. 22, 2012)

• The most powerful response occurred when both, an anti-inflammatory drug and a demethylating agent were used together, for reduced the size and number of tumors in mice with colorectal cancer: 93%.

14. PERSONAL OPINION

• Improvethe patient's lifeis one ofthe most important objectivesin medicine, is necessaryto dostudies like this for his achievement, as the combined useof two drugsin animal experimentshas decreasedthe risk of developingcancer, it ispossible to perform clinical trials inpatients and use the results favoring society

15. MEDICAL UTILITY Adaptation is the mainstay of life and evolution, cells are adapted all the time to stay alive and be healthy.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY

• Cells has many repairmechanismsto allow the body tostay healthy, when the mechanism is not working a process of cell apoptosis starts, but when the mutated cells stay in the body, they can grow and alter the balance of the organism.

Taken from: http://elconocimientodesi.blogspot.com/2011/11/el-prejuicio-paterno-filial.html

17. MEDICAL UTILITY

• Healthpromotion and prevention: manyfactors can becontrolled to avoidmutations, basicpracticessuch as usingsunscreen,not smoking and look afterthemental and physical health, canhelp a lot.

Taken from: http://coloreardibujo.com/dibujos-sobre-la-salud-para-colorear

18. MEDICAL UTILITY

• Also some elements of DNA repair process may help to diagnose and treat cancer and other diseases related with abnormal repair mechanisms.

Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proteinviews-1tim.png

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Navjotsingh P, Zheng D. Smaller Sibling Protein Calls the Shots in Cell Division. ScienceDaily (Jan. 3, 2012). Accessed: February 23, 2012.

• DuBois R, Dianren X, Dingzhi W, Sun-Hee K, et al. Inflammatory Mediator Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Stifling Protective Genes. ScienceDaily (Jan. 22, 2012). Accessed: February 23, 2012

• Martnez Snchez LM, Vargas Grisales N, Toro Montoya AE, et al. Biologa Molecular. Libro de clase. 6.ed. Medelln: UPB. Fac. de Medicina, 2011. 81-84 pg.

20. STAND UP TO CANCER Taken from: http://tujhaml.blogspot.com/2011/11/lazos-solidarios.html