please fill out the following 1. name 2. what are you good at? 3. what are you not so good at? 4....

PLEASE FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING1. NAME2. WHAT ARE YOU GOOD AT?3. WHAT ARE YOU NOT SO GOOD

AT?4. WHAT TYPES OF CLASSES DO

YOU ENJOY?5. 3 INTERESTING THINGS ABOUT

YOU6. WHERE DO YOU SEE YOURSELF

IN 1 YEAR 5 YEARS 10YEARS

Rules without a relationship leads to rebellion.

Chapter 1, Section 1

GovernmentDefine and give an example of each:a. Government –b. Public policies –

c. What powers does a government have?

Powers of Government

Each government has and exercises these 3 powers

Legislative PowerExecutive PowerJudicial PowerCan a government be affective

without having one of these powers?

Is Government Necessary?

a. Would our society be better or worse off if there were no government?

c. Explain why.b. Note three positive reasons for government

Who Has These Powers?

Democracy- when responsibility for the exercise of the powers of government rests with a majority of the people.

Dictatorship- One person or small group of people is responsible for exercising the powers of government.

Which are we?

"Democracy is the most demanding of all forms of government in terms of the energy, imagination and public spirit required of the individual.“

Write 1 page detailing, what you believe, is an Americans civic duty.

Should free riders be required to pay more taxes since they are not contributing in other ways?

Should those that participate in democracy receive extra benefits?

The State

State- a body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically, with the power to make and enforce laws.

4 characteristics every state must have. Population Territory Sovereignty- has supreme and absolute

power within its own territory Government

Which are “States”? (Circle)

Population Territory Sovereignty Government

Marshall Schools

City of Marshall

Minnesota

US

8

a. read each of the four theories of the origin of the “State”: Force, Evolutionary, Divine Right, & Social Contract.

b. Choose the one that makes the most sense to you. Explain why.

Unit 1: Principles of Government

ReviewGovernment- The institution through which

a society makes and enforces its public policies.

Three Powers of Government 1. Legislative2. Executive 3. Judicial


Governments can be classified by three different standards:

(1) The geographic distribution of the governmental power within the state(Nation).

(2) The relationship between the legislative (lawmaking) and the executive (law-executing) branches of the government

(3) Who can participate in the governing process. Who has the power?

PO

WE

R

Unitary FederalConfederacy0

All

•Put an “X” on the line representing how much

power the central government holds in each. •Put a “0” for how much power the local or

regional government have.

7. Government Distribution of Power

•Unitary

•Central Gov has • all gov power

Unitary Government

• A unitary government has all powers held by a

single, central agency.

• Local or Regional Gov have very little power

PO

WE

R


All X

O




Confederate Government• A confederation is an alliance of independent states.

•Central Government has little power

Local or Regional Governments have most all

the power.

PO

WE

R


All




X

O

O

X

Federal Government

•A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided

between a central government and several

local governments.

• An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this

division of power on a geographic basis.

• Central has •some powers

•Local/Regional Regional/Local Governments have some powers

PO

WE

R


All




X

O

O

X

OX

Who Can Participate in Government?

Democracy1. Representative Democracy- a small group

of persons, chosen by the people to act as their representatives, expresses the popular will

2. Direct Democracy- The will of the people is translated into public policy directly, by the people themselves, in mass meetings.

Which do we use most often in the United States? Why?

Who Can Participate in Government?

Dictatorship1. Autocracy- single person holds unlimited

political power2. Oligarchy- power to rule is held by a small

self appointed elite

Forms of Government


Marshall Schools?

Foundations of Democracy

The American concept of democracy rests on these basic notions.

1. Worth of the individual Each individual, no matter what his or her station in

life, is a separate and distinct being. At various times, the welfare of one or a few

individuals is subordinated to the interests of the many in a democracy. Come up with 3 examples of this from our democracy.


Equality of all Persons What does this mean?1. Equality of opportunity2. Equality before the lawHave we met this standard in our democracy?


Majority Rule, Minority Rights Democracy argues that a majority of people will be

right, more often than they will be wrong, and that the majority will also be right more often than will any one person or small group. Do you agree with this premise?

What are the rights of the minority? Why is it important to maintain minority rights?


Necessity of Compromise Why is compromise essential in a functioning,

effective democracy?Individual Freedom

How much individual freedom can a democracy have(Where should the line be drawn?

“The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins” Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

Vocabulary Assignment

Definition Sentence Picture on the backside Unitary government Federal government Confederate government Parliamentary government Presidential government Representative Democracy Direct democracy Dictatorship Autocracy oligarchy

What Would You Rather Have?

Dictatorship or Democracy?Who was Plato?"The penalty good men pay

for indifference to public affairs,is to be ruled by evil men."

Plato challenged the idea that a democracy is the best form of government. He wrote about an ideal state with an ideal form of government. He called this imaginary place utopia.

What is utopia?

“It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.” Winston Churchhill

Do you agree with Winston Churchhill? Why or why not?

Democracy and the Free Enterprise System

Free Enterprise System (Free Market, Capitalism)- Goods are owned by individuals rather than government. Prices are decided by the law of supply and demand.

How does supply and demand work?Are a democracy and a free market system

the same? Do they have to go together?Does America have a free market system?

Government and the Free Enterprise System

Mixed Economy- economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and “promotion”.

Journal-What are some examples of government involvement in the economy? Come up with 15 of them

Government’s participation in the economy serves a two fold purpose Protect the public Preserve private enterprise

Happiest Country in the World

Why are people in Denmark so much happier than we are?

What is the cost of all of the government benefits they receive?

Write at least a half page explaining why you believe our government does too much, not enough, or just the right amount for its citizens.

2-1 pg. 14

Describe how power is distributed in the following systems

a. Unitary –b. Confederate Government –c. Federal -

8. Relationship between Executive and Legislative Branch. (p. 16)

a. What are the two basic forms of governments under this classification?b. Explain their major differences.

Gerald Ford (14 July 1913 – 26 December 2006) , the 38th President of the United States."A government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take from you everything you have.

http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/626591

Our Political Beginnings

English Settlers Basic Concepts of Government

Ordered Government- They created local governments, based on those they had known in England

Limited Government- Colonists brought with them the idea that government is not all powerful. Government is restricted in what it may do, and each

individual has certain rights that government cannot take away.

Representative Government- Idea that government should serve the will of the people.

These three ideas can be traced back to the following landmark documents in English history.

Landmark English Documents

The Magna Carta- Signed by King John in 1215

Included fundamental rights such as trial by jury and due process of law, and protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty and property.

The Magna Carta established the principle that the power of the monarchy was not absolute.


The Magna Carta was respected by some monarchs and ignored by others for 400 years.

Petition of Right- (1628)signed by King Charles I, the petition of rights limited the Kings power in several ways.

Document demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person except by the lawful judgment of their peers, or by the law of the land.

No martial law (rule by military) in time of peace. Homeowners no longer required to shelter king’s

troops without their consent.

English Landmark Documents

English Bill of Rights- 1688 Stated that King and Queen could not

suspend law or execute law without consenting parliament.

Could not spend money for use of the crown without the consent of parliament.

It also states such rights as right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment.


What influence might these documents have had on the founding fathers?

What else may have influenced their decisions when forming our government?

The Founding Indian Fathers List all prominent colonists who had significant contact with

the Iroquois League. How were they influenced by the Iroquois?

Record how the Iroquois government worked. How were the powers of government delegated in the Iroquois form of government?

Your textbooks do not feature any information, regarding the impact of Native Americans, on our American Government. What are some possible reasons why?

A New NationDeclaration of Independence

Articles of ConfederationPhiladelphia Convention

The Declaration announces the independence of the United States,

Lists the “repeated injuries and usurpations” that led the colonists to revolt.

States that “all men are created equal” and that all men have the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

That government exists to secure these rights. That government gains their power through the

consent of the governed. When government fails to do this it is the right of

the people to abolish it and institute new government.

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence has no legal relevance.

Articles of Confederation was the first attempt to establish a lasting government for the new nation

Articles of Confederation

Congress was the sole body created. Unicameral (1 house)- made up of

delegates chosen yearly by the states in whatever way their legislatures might direct.

Each state had one vote in congress no matter its population or wealth.

No executive or judicial branch Congress could make war and peace, send

and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, establish military, settle disputes among the states.

Articles of Confederation

Article of Confederation had critical weaknesses

Congress did not have the power to tax Congress did not have the power to

regulate trade between the states. Congress lacked power to make states

obey the Articles of Confederation or the laws it made. Congress needed consent of 9 of the 13 states to exercise powers.

Articles could be amended only with the approval of all 13 state legislatures.

Glaring Omissions

55 delegates met from all the states but Rhode Island.

Convention was originally to revise the articles of confederation.

It was later decided that “that a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive and Judiciary.”

Philadelphia Convention (Constitutional Convention)

Calls for a new government with three separate branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

The Legislature (Congress) would be bicameral (two houses). Representation in each house was to be determined based

upon each State’s population or upon the amount of money it gave for the support of the central government.

The members of the lower house (house of representatives) would be elected by the people. Members of the upper house (senate) would be elected by the house from a list of people chosen by the state’s legislature.

Congress would have all the powers it had under the articles of confederation, with the addition of the power to legislate in all cases the separate states are incompetent to act, and to veto any state law in conflict with a national law.

The Virginia Plan

Congress could use force if necessary to make a state obey national law.

Congress would choose a “National Executive” and a “National Judiciary”. Together these two branches would form a “Council of revision”.

These two branches could veto acts passed by Congress, but a veto could be overridden by the two houses.

The Executive would have “a general authority to execute the National laws”.

The Judiciary would consist of one or more supreme courts and of inferior courts.

The Virginia Plan then, would create a new constitution

The Virginia Plan

Unicameral (one house) legislature Each state will be equally represented Along with the powers Congress already

had, they would be given the powers to tax and regulate trade between states.

Called for Federal Executive and a Federal Judiciary (court)

New Jersey Plan

1 house or 2 houses in the legislature (congress)

Should representation be based on population or financial contributions like in the Virginia plan, or should representation be equal among the states like in the New Jersey Plan?

Differences between the plans

Both wanted Congress with more power◦ Power to tax◦ Regulate trade between states

Both wanted Central Gov with three branches◦ Executive◦ Legislative◦ Judicial

Similarities between two plans

Connecticut Compromise Huge conflict over representation Conflict settled by creating two houses One house with representation equal in

each state (senate) Second house with representation

determined by population (house of representatives)

This settled the conventions most serious dispute, and was pivotal to the writing of the Constitution.

Often referred to as “Great Compromise”

List each of the types of government based on geographic distribution of power. Tell me where the power is located in each. (3pts)

Explain the philosophical influence/impact the Landmark English Documents had on the people who created our government. (2pts)

List 2 differences and 1 similarity between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. (3pts) Explain how the two sides compromised in order to come up with an agreed upon plan. (2pts)

Give 2 major problems with the Articles of Confederation we talked about in class. (2pts)

Quiz

Popular Sovereignty- In the US, all political power resides in the people. The people are sovereign. Government can govern only with the consent of the governed.

Limited Government- Government power has limits. Government must act in a “constitutional way”. It must obey the law. Government must obey the Rule of Law, which states that the government is subject to, never above, the law.

Basic Principles of The Constitution

Separation of Powers- The Constitution of the United States distributes power among Congress (Legislative Branch), The President (Executive Branch), and the courts (Judicial Branch).

Checks and Balances- Three branches are not completely independent of one another. Each branches power is constrained by constitutional checks by the other branches.

Judicial Review- essential part of checks and balances. Power of courts to determine whether what the government does is constitutional.

Basic Principles of the Constitution

Federalism- The division of power amongst the central government and several local governments.

Central Government- Federal Government (Washington DC)

Local Governments- State Governments The constitution divides the powers among the

two. Colonists fight to gain freedom from a strong

central government, yet Articles of Confederation featured a weak central government. The Constitution was a compromise.

Basic Principles of the Constitution

Limited Government Representative Government Bicameral Unicameral House of Representatives Senate Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Popular Sovereignty

Vocabulary Assignment

You will be split into one of the three branches

Each branch will have a role in the simulation

Checks and Balances Simulation

Each representative must write a bill proposal.

The final bill must include:◦ Opening paragraph establishing the purpose of the

bill◦ Bullet points laying out what will be censored◦ A paragraph explaining how it should be censored

(made illegal, censoring agency etc……?)◦ Final Paragraph summarizing why this bill is good

for the American People.◦ Once the bill is finalized it must be voted on.

Legislative Branch

Must provide suggestions regarding What should be censored How it should be censored Must be ready to veto the final version of

the bill or pass it. Must prepare a press release on decision

and read it in class

Executive Branch

Must research the constitution and its amendments in order to determine if the bill may be constitutional.

10 questions that might help determine the constitutionality of the bill

Judicial Branch

Review the law making process- ◦ Was it efficient? Why or why not?◦ Explain how checks and balances impacted the

law making process (examples of checks and balances during the law making process. How does checks and balances influence congress’ decision making?)

Reflection (homework)

The Political Spectrum

Where do you stand?

What is a Continuum? A person’s views on the issues help

determine where they fall on the political spectrum.

The labels used on the spectrum are not pure categories, but they make up a continuum, or value line, and citizens and politicians fall somewhere on that line depending on what they believe.

Factors That Determine Placement Two major factors shape political views. The first is how much change a person is

willing to have within their society and government.

The second deals with how much government involvement in the economy a person calls for.

Political Labels To see where you stand, you would have

to figure out where you stand on a number of social (people-related), economic (money-related), and political (governmental) issues.

First you need definitions of the terms radical, liberal, conservative, and reactionary. Some authors include the terms authoritarian and libertarian.

What is a Radical?

Seen as being on the far left of the political spectrum, radicals call for wide-sweeping rapid change in the basic structure of the political, social, or economic system.

They may be willing to resort to extreme methods to bring about change, including the use of violence and revolution.

V.I. Lenin: Mastermind of the

Russian Revolution and Father of the Soviet Union

What is a Liberal? Liberals believe that

the government should be actively involved in the promotion of social welfare of a nation’s citizens.

They usually call for peaceful, gradual change within the existing political system.

They reject violent revolution as a way of changing the way things are, often called the status quo.

Former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-

California)

http://people.famouswhy.com/images/nancy_pelosi_photo.jpg

What is a Moderate? Moderates may share

viewpoints with both liberals and conservatives.

They are seen as tolerant of other people’s views, and they do not hold extreme views of their own.

They advocate a “go-slow” or “wait-and-see” approach to social or political change. Sen. Joe Lieberman (D-CT)

is generally seen as a moderate.

What is a Conservative? People who hold conservative

ideals favor keeping things the way they are or maintaining the status quo.

Conservatives are usually hesitant or cautious about adopting new policies, especially if they involve government activism in some way.

They feel that the less government there is, the better.

They agree with Jefferson’s view that “the best government governs least.”

John Boehner (R-Ohio) New Speaker of the House (House

majority leader.

What is a Reactionary? Sitting on the far right of

the ideological spectrum, reactionaries want to go back to the way things were—the “good ol’ days.” Often reactionaries are willing to use extreme methods, such as repressive use of government power, to achieve their goals.

The term “reactionary is generally negative. A positive way to say the same thing is “arch-conservative.” Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a typical

reactionary manifesto

Burning Rage Why do they choose the tactics shown in

the video? What do these groups want?

Why do they feel their actions are justified?

Would these groups be radical or reactionary? Explain why.

Where would you place yourself on the spectrum? Which political topics are most important to

you?

How did you develop your opinions?◦ What factors have shaped your opinions?

Factors that influence public opinion Family

◦ Lays the foundations The school

◦ How does a school impact people? Mass Media

◦ Which type of media do you choose to get information from?

Peer Groups Opinion Leaders

◦ Examples? Historic Events

◦ How can historic events change public opinion?

Section 3 Chapter 8The Mass Media What is the role of mass media in our

society? Are all media sources created equal?

◦ Explain What makes a source of media more

credible than others?◦ Which sources of media are the best? Explain

What are the limits of media’s influence?

Media Bias What is media bias? to cause partiality or favoritism in; influence

unfairly◦ a particular tendency or inclination, esp. one that

prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice.

Do we have bias in our political media?◦ Examples?

What Is a Political Party? A political party is a group of citizens who

agree on major issues facing the nation. These groups work to create public policies that reflect their views.

Parties choose, or nominate, people they want to elect to public office. These candidates campaign to get elected.

Parties in the US Any American citizen

may join a political party regardless of age, but most members are eighteen or older.

The United States has a two-party system. The Republicans emerged as a major party in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln. The Democratic Party formed under Andrew Jackson twenty years earlier.

What do political parties do?

Nominating Candidates Informing and Activating Supporters

1. Each party works to inform and inspire voters2. They campaign for their candidates , take

stands on issues, and criticize the candidates of the opposition party

3. Each party tries to inform people as it thinks they should be informed- to its own advantage

What do political parties do? Bonding agent function

1. Ensures the good performance of its candidates2. If it fails to do this it will suffer the

consequences in future elections.

What do political parties do? Acting as Watchdog

1. This is especially true of the party not in power2. Give some examples of the Republican party

playing watchdog. Governing

1. Partisan vs. bipartisan

Major Parties Write down everything you know about

◦ Republicans ◦ Democrats

Where would you place them on the spectrum?

Major Party Research Assignment You must choose a topic to research.

◦ I am giving you one topic because I want you to research each party’s views thoroughly. You will need a good amount of detail in your answers if you want to receive full credit.

You must provide summaries of both party’s views.

You must place the parties on the spectrum according to their views on your topic.◦ You must provide an explanation of why they belong

where you put them.

American Politics Today Democrats usually feel that the federal

government has a responsibility to help the poor through government intervention.

Democrats are generally seen as leaning to the left on the spectrum.

Republicans hold the view that leaving the economy alone will allow for growth, giving people greater ability to help themselves. They believe in less regulation.

Republicans are viewed as leaning to the right on the political spectrum.

Major Parties and You

Where would you put the two major parties overall? Explain why you put them where you did?

Which Party is a greater reflection of your political views? Explain why.

In what ways do you not feel represented by the party of your choice?◦ Why is it that your personal views are

sometimes not represented by the party of your choice??

Parties Move Towards The Center

A platform is astatement that puts forth the party's positions on issues. Each individual issue is called a plank.

Both parties want votes. As a result, parties become more moderate in their platforms, moving away fromextreme positions.

The American people generally agree about many issues. This unity forces the two parties toward the center of

the political spectrum.

Minor Parties- parties that exist in a one or two party system but are not a major party.

Minor Parties in the United States The United States has countless minor

parties. Some have existed for decades and some

are short lived 4 distinct types of minor parties can be

identified.

Ideological Parties Ideological Parties are political parties based on

a particular set of beliefs- a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters.

Ideological parties want to change society in major ways.

The Socialist and Communist Parties want to nationalize major industries. The Green Party calls for companies to respect the environment.

These seldom get many votes. Why might this be the case?

Usually on the fringe of the spectrum

Single Issue Parties Focus only on matters of public policy Names usually indicate primary concern These parties tend to be short lived. What are possible reasons for this? Examples

◦ Right to life party◦ United States Marijuana Party

Economic Protest Parties No consistent agenda Voice displeasure with government. Want better times

Splinter Parties

Major Political party candidates split off and form their own party.

Usually fade away when candidate fades away.

Theodore Roosevelt- Bull Moose Party

It was nicknamed the “Bull Moose Party” because TR said he was “fit as a Bull Moose”.

TR split the 1912 Republican vote, allowing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to defeat President William H. Taft

Why are minor parties important? How can minor parties make an impact?

◦ No third party has ever gained control of the White House. Sometimes, third parties win seats in Congress or gain office in lower levels of government.

◦ When these smaller groups challenge the two major parties, they can change the outcome of elections.

◦ Their most important role is to influence policy on one or more issues.

What prevents third parties and their candidates from having more success?

Familiarity Campaign Funds On the fringe Afraid of “wasted vote”

Political Parties Look at page 137

◦ List questions you believe you will be answering. Read pages 137-142

◦ What did you learn?

Vocabulary Assignment Liberal Ideological party Conservative Economic Protest party Moderate Single Issue Party Reactionary Splinter Party Radical Libertarian Authoritarian theocracy Minor party

Party Systems in other Countries

Most democracies have multi-party systems. One party rarely wins the number of seats in

the Parliament needed to control the government. This instability forces several parties to cooperate in running the government. When parties work together to pass laws, a coalition has been formed.

If a small party pulls its support, the government can collapse and new elections must be held. This process occurs in nations with a parliamentary system of government.

The US has a presidential system and a Congress rather than a prime minister and a parliament.

Following The Party Line A one-party system cannot

exist in a democracy. There is no choice of candidates in the elections.

Opposition parties are usually banned.

Communist China, Cuba, and North Korea operate under one-party systems. One-party systems may be based on other ideologies such as religion.

Iran's Islamic Republican Party has established a Muslim state.

This type of religion-based government is called a theocracy.

Communist Party Congress, China

Political Parties Look at page 137

◦ List questions you believe you will be answering. Read pages 137-142

◦ What did you learn?

Vocabulary Assignment Liberal Ideological party Conservative Economic Protest party Moderate Single Issue Party Reactionary Splinter Party Radical Libertarian Authoritarian theocracy Minor party

please fill out the following 1. name 2. what are you good at? 3. what are you not so good at? 4....

Documents

world government

powers of government

forms of government

government necessary

public policies

certain powers

public policy

public spirit