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VADODARA INSTITUTE

OF ENGINEERING

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BEFINAL YEAR PROJET

DEPARTMENT:

ELECTRICAL ENGGINEERING

8TH SEM&

4TH YEAR

PROJECT GUIDE :Prof. SHRUTI KHATRI

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PROJECTOF

PLC BASEDELEVATOR CONTROL SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY: NAME: ENROLLMENT NO: 1) KRUPAL R BHOI------------------------ 110800109041

2) PRIYANK R PATEL----------------------120803109002

3) DHAVAL S SUKHANANDI-------------120803109003

4) AVADHESH YADAV---------------------110800109049

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ABSTRACT :

In our project Elevator is controlled by PLC . We can made the hardware model of the three floor Elevator . This elevator is operate by using of dc motor.

PLC is gives the command to the relay. Relay is operate the dc motor in forward direction and reverse direction. Based on this relay operation elevator is move up and down.

BCD to seven segment circuit is used for to show the current position of elevator.

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CIRCUIT :

• In our project we are completed the circuit of the BCD to seven-segment display and control circuit .The circuit of the BCD to seven segment display is below:

BCD TO SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY:

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RELAY CONTROL CIRCUIT:

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• CONTROL CIRCUIT is controlling the elevator in upward and

Downward direction. It is also control the door close and open of the elevator • It is a control by the electro-magnet relay

• when the two relays are energized lift is moving upward and other two relays are energized lift is moving downward.

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• Here this figure is shows that if the two relays are energized than gate is open and if the other two relays are energized than door is close of the elevator.

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LIST OF COMPONENTS: COMPONENTS:

1. DC MOTOR 2. ELECTROMAGNET RELAY 3. OPTOCOUPLER(PHOTO TRANSISTOR)4. IC 74475. PUSH BUTTTON SWITCH

6. COMMON RESISTOR ANODE DISPLAY7. BC547 TRANSISTOR8. LM358 COMPARATOR IC

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

• BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY:

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FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS:1. DC MOTOR: The dc motor works on the principle of fleming’s left hand rule . when current carrying conductor is kept in the magnetic field a force is produced on the conductor in a Definite direction.24vdc motor is used.

2. COMMON ANODE DISPLAY: common anode display circuit All anodes are short .in it input is 1 than LED on.

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3. OPTOCOUPLER: OPTCOUPLER is combination of light source and light detector. It is also called as optoisolator . It provide a complete electrical isolation between a low power control circuit and high power output circuit to protect control circuit. PHOTO TRANSISTOR OPTOCOUPLER: In this infrared LED act as light source and photo transistor act as a detector when pulse input goes high LED turn on light emitted by LED is focus on collector base junction of photo transistor collector current of photo transistor start flowing the pulse input reduce to zero LED off collector current zero merits:• Small size, light weight• Control circuit is protect due to electric isolation• Unidirectional signal transfer• Logic circuit is easy. demerits:• Slow speed Application:• Ac to dc converter use for dc motor speed control• High power chopper• High power inverter

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4. ELECTROMAGNET RELAY: Electromagnet type of relay that can handle the high powerrequired to directly drive an electric motor is called a contactor. Solid-state relayscontrol power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device toperform switching.

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5.IC 7447: IC 7447 is a one type of BCD to seven segment decoder IC . It accepts binary coded decimal as input and convert into drive seven segment for displaying digits 0 to 9. BCD is an encoding in which each digit of number is represented by its own binary sequence.

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6. BC547 TRANSISTOR :

It is a NPN transistor. It can be used as the active component for switches and amplifiers. To make use of a transistor as an audio pre Amplifier, a direct current is needed such as a 24V Power supply in a common emitter configuration. The negative side of the power supply is ac coupled to the emitter via capacitor. There is a also small resistance Connecting the power supply to the emitter.

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7.LM358 comparator IC: It is a one type of operational amplifier. It consist of two independent, high gainOperational amplifier in one package.This IC can be operated on wide range Of power supply from 3V to 32V for Single power supply. positive pin is use for positiveFeedback and negative pin is use for Negative feedback. when voltage at pin2Is more than voltage at pin3 it will raise the Output towards the positive maximum voltage and a slight Increase at negative pin compare to positive pin will lower theOutput towards the negative maximum.

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SENSOR CONTROL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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DELTA PLC INPUT & OUTPUT CIRCUIT: It have a 8 inputs and 6 outputs.

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LADDER DIAGRAM:

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Description of Ladder Diagram:

In this PLC design of I/O-pin obtain as X0-X7 are 8-input pins and Y0-Y5 are output pins. 

Input pins: - Output pins: - X0 – IR sensor 1 Y0 – Door Open outputX1 – IR sensor 2 Y1 – Door Close outputX2 – IR sensor 3 Y2 – Lift UpX3 – Switch – floor 1 Y3 – Lift DownX4 – Switch – floor 2 Y4 – BCD 0X5 – Switch – floor 3 Y5 – BCD 7X6 – Door Open inputX7 – Door Close input

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  TIMER: - FUNCTION: - T0 Command for door open T1 Command Run for door open T2 Command for door close T3 Command Run for door close T4 Task completed and Rejected

From the ladder diagram whole project or hardware model of elevator operation or working procedure listed below:

Here X0, X1 and X2 are input of IR sensors.M0, M1 and M2 are temporary memory of this input pins. This memory are stored the temporary data which is given by IR sensors.

The one switch is pushed than it is check the status of elevator and take the output from PLC. Now it is move to position is given by PLC or it is reach at pushed switch floor. Based on this procedure all floor operations are worked with PLC.Here timers are used to provide delay .T0-T4 timers are used with its respectively function.

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For First Floor Operation:

Initially X1,X2,X3 are NO(Normally open) When floor 1 switch is pushed than X1,X2 are NC(Normally close)and X3 is NO. Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at first floor .Display shows the 1.

Here, elevator is come at first floor from any floor in downward directionFor Second Floor Operation:

When second floor switch pushed than it is check two condition that where the elevator and third floor or first floor.

If elevator is on third floor than initially X4 and X1 are NO. Now second floor switch pushed at time X1 is NC and X4 is NO. Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at Second floor .Display shows the 2.

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When elevator is on third floor than initially X4 and X0 are NO. Now second floor switch pushed at time X0 is NC and X4 is NO. Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at Second floor .Display shows the 2.

Here, at second floor operation elevator come at second floor from two conditions first is from third floor to second floor in downward direction and another is first floor to second floor in upward direction.

For Third Floor Operation:

Initially X0, X1, X5 are NO (Normally open). When floor 3 switch is pushed than X1, X0 are NC (Normally close) and X5 is NO. Means PLC output to relay to drive motor and elevator is move at third floor .Display shows the 3.

Here, elevator is come at Third floor from any floor in upward direction

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HARDWARE MODEL OF ELEVATOR:

Here Photo shows that our three floor hardware model built from acrylic material.

For all operation Delta PLC is used.

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THANK YOU…