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OBSERVATIONS MATERIAL COLOR OF FLAME SPEED OF BURNING SLOW ≤ 3 INCHES FAST > 3 PER MIN. ODOR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS FEP BURNT HAIR ACETIC ACID YES DRIPS DRIPS NO FLAMES CONTINUES TO BURN BURN A SMALL CORNER OF THE SAMPLE DROP A SMALL SAMPLE IN WATER PRESS A SOLDERING IRON OR A HOT ROD (500 F) AGAINST THE SAMPLE PTFE CTFE PVF FEP ABS, ACRYLICS ACETALS CELLULOSE ACETATE CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE CELLULOSE PROPIONATE CELLULOSE NITRATE POLYSTYRENE POLYURETHANE POLYESTER CTFE OBSERVATIONS MATERIAL COLOR OF FLAME SPEED OF BURNING SLOW ≤ 3 INCHES FAST > 3 PER MIN. ODOR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OBSERVATIONS MATERIAL COLOR OF FLAME ODOR OTHER CHARACTERISTICS PE PARAFFIN ACRID OR DIESEL FUMES BLUE WITH YELLOW TIP BLUE WITH YELLOW TIP FAST MELTS & DRIPS SLOW PP THERMOPLASTICS PLASTIC MATERIALS PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS IDENTIFICATION CHART PTFE BURNT HAIR ACIDIC NO YES PVF ABS ACRID SLOW SLOW BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT NO SMOKE FROTHS AND CRACKLES BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT SOME SMOKE WITH SOOT SOME BLACK SMOKE FAST SLOW SLOW FAST FORMALDE- HYDE FRUITY/ FLORAL RANCID BUTTER BURNT SUGAR YELLOW YELLOW WITH BLUE TIP YELLOW WITH SPARKS BLUE WITH YELLOW TIP BLUE WITH YELLOW EDGES BLUE VINEGAR ACETAL ACRYLICS CELLULOSE ACETATE CELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATE CELLULOSE PROPIONATE FLOATS SINKS ALL OTHERS SOFTENS PP, PE DRIPS BURN A SMALL CORNER OF THE SAMPLE SELF-EXTINGUISHING CONTINUES TO BURN YELLOW FAINT ODOR OF PHENOL BLACK SMOKE YELLOW WITH BLUE TIP FISH LIKE SWELLS AND CRACKS MAY OR MAY NOT BE SELF-EXTING. PHENOL YELLOW YELLOW WITH GREENISH BLUE EDGE FORMALDEHYDE SWELLS AND CRACKS DAP MELAMINE FORMALDE- HYDE PHENOL FORMALDE- HYDE UREA FORMALDE- HYDE NO NO YES YELLOW YELLOW WITH BLUE EDGES PALE YELLOW YELLOW BLUE WITH YELLOW TIP ORANGE ORANGE OR YELLOW YELLOWISH ORANGE YELLOW- ORANGE YELLOW WITH GREEN EDGES PHENOL SLOW DIFFICULT TO IGNITE SMOKE METALLIC SOUND WHEN DROPPED WHITE SMOKE SLOW SLOW FAINT ROTTEN EGGS HYDRO- CHLORIC ACID PHENOL SLOW FAST SLOW FROTHS BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT BURNT WOOL OR HAIR ODOR OF SULFUR CAMPHOR FAINT APPLE FAST FAST ILLUMINATING GAS OR MARIGOLD BURNING RUBBER FAST DENSE SMOKE WITH SOOT BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT SAMPLE BURNS COMPLETELY SLIGHT BLACK SMOKE FAST POLY- STYRENE POLYESTER CELLULOSE NITRATE NYLON PPO PPS PVC POLY- SULFONE POLY- CARBONATE POLY- URETHANE THERMOSETS YELLOW WITH BLUE EDGES SOUR CINNAMON BLACK SMOKE WITH SOOT BRIGHT YELLOW NONE CONTINUES TO BURN BLACK SMOKE SELF-EXTINGUISHING NYLON POLYCARBONATE PPO POLYSULFONE PVC PUNGENT AMINE YELLOW POLYESTER SILICONE EPOXY TPV Blue Base Large Yellow Tip Burning Rubber Fast Black Smoke TPO TPV TPO Floats Blue with Yellow Tip Silicone Self-Extinguishing Drop a small sample in water Sinks ELASTOMERS Burn a small corner of the sample Continues to burn URETHANE POLYETHER TYPE POLYESTER TYPE STYRENIC POLYESTER POLYAMIDE YELLOW YELLOW ORANGE BLUE WHITE SMALL YELLOW TIP BURNING RUBBER SWEET BURNT WOOL OR HAIR YELLOW FAINT APPLE FAST SLOW FAST SLOW SLOW GRAY/BLACK SMOKE BUBBLES AND SPUTTERS BLACK SMOKE SOOTY SMOKE NO SMOKE YELLOW ORANGE Yellow Sample Glows None Slow White Smoke, Burned Part Turns White Paraffin Wax Slow Melts & Drips © Vishu Shah, Consultek, LLC, 460-D West Lambert Road, Brea, CA 92821, 714-674-1981 The Plastics identification technique is laid out in flowchart for eash step-by-step identification by process of elimination. This is shown in the plastics Identification Chart. There are some basic guidelines one must follow in order to simplify the procedure. The first step is to determine whether the material is thermoplastic or thermoset. This distinction is made by simply probing the sample with a soldering iron or a hot rod heated to approximately 500°F. If the sample softens, the material is thermoplastic. If not, it is thermoset. The next step is to conduct a flame test. It is desirable to use a colorless Bunsen burner. A matchstick can also be used in place of a Bunsen burner. However, care must be taken to distinguish between the odor of the materials used in the match and the odor given off by burning plastic materials. Before commencing the burning test, it is advisable to be prepared to write down the following observations: 1.Does the material burn? 2.color of flame 3.Odor 4.Does the material drip while burning 5.Nature of smoke and color of smoke. 6. The presence of soot in the air. 7. Self-extinguishes or continues to burn. 8. Speed of burning--fast or slow To identify the material, compare the actual observations with the ones listed in the flowchart. The accuracy of the test can be greatly improved by performing similar tests on a known sample. While performing the identification tests, one must not overlook safety factors. The drippings from the burning plastic may be very hot and sticky. After extinguishing the flame, inhale the smoke very carefully. Certain plastics like acetals give off a toxic formaldehyde gas that may cause a severe burning sensation in the nose and chest.

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Page 1: Plastic and Elastomer

OBSERVATIONS

MATERIAL

COLOR OF FLAME

SPEED OF BURNINGSLOW ≤ 3 INCHESFAST > 3 PER MIN.

ODOR

OTHERCHARACTERISTICS

FEP

BURNTHAIR

ACETICACID

YES

DRIPS

DRIPS

NO FLAMES CONTINUES TO BURN

BURN A SMALL CORNER OF THE SAMPLE

DROP A SMALLSAMPLE INWATER

PRESS A SOLDERING IRONOR A HOT ROD (500 F)AGAINST THE SAMPLE

PTFECTFEPVFFEP

ABS, ACRYLICSACETALSCELLULOSE ACETATECELLULOSE ACETATE BUTYRATECELLULOSE PROPIONATECELLULOSE NITRATEPOLYSTYRENEPOLYURETHANEPOLYESTER

CTFE

OBSERVATIONS

MATERIAL

COLOR OF FLAME

SPEED OF BURNINGSLOW ≤ 3 INCHESFAST > 3 PER MIN.

ODOR

OTHERCHARACTERISTICS

OBSERVATIONS

MATERIAL

COLOR OF FLAME

ODOR

OTHERCHARACTERISTICS

PE

PARAFFINACRID ORDIESELFUMES

BLUE WITHYELLOWTIP

BLUE WITHYELLOWTIP

FAST

MELTS&DRIPS

SLOW

PP

THERMOPLASTICS

PLASTIC MATERIALS

PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS IDENTIFICATION CHART

PTFE

BURNTHAIR

ACIDIC

NO YES

PVF ABS

ACRID

SLOW SLOW

BLACKSMOKEWITH SOOT

NOSMOKE

FROTHSANDCRACKLES

BLACKSMOKEWITH SOOT

SOMESMOKEWITH SOOT

SOMEBLACKSMOKE

FAST SLOW SLOW FAST

FORMALDE-HYDE

FRUITY/FLORAL

RANCIDBUTTER

BURNTSUGAR

YELLOWYELLOWWITH BLUETIP

YELLOWWITHSPARKS

BLUEWITH YELLOWTIP

BLUEWITH YELLOWEDGES

BLUE

VINEGAR

ACETAL ACRYLICS CELLULOSEACETATE

CELLULOSEACETATE

BUTYRATE

CELLULOSEPROPIONATE

FLOATS SINKS

ALL OTHERS

SOFTENS

PP, PE

DRIPS

BURN A SMALL CORNER OF THE SAMPLE

SELF-EXTINGUISHING CONTINUES TO BURN

YELLOW

FAINTODOR OFPHENOL

BLACKSMOKE

YELLOWWITHBLUE TIP

FISHLIKE

SWELLSANDCRACKS

MAY OR MAYNOT BESELF-EXTING.

PHENOL

YELLOW

YELLOWWITHGREENISHBLUE EDGE

FORMALDEHYDE

SWELLSANDCRACKS

DAPMELAMINE

FORMALDE-HYDE

PHENOLFORMALDE-

HYDE

UREAFORMALDE-

HYDE

NO NOYES

YELLOWYELLOWWITH BLUEEDGES

PALEYELLOW YELLOW

BLUE WITHYELLOWTIP

ORANGEORANGEORYELLOW

YELLOWISHORANGE

YELLOW-ORANGE

YELLOWWITHGREENEDGES

PHENOL

SLOW

DIFFICULTTO IGNITESMOKE

METALLICSOUNDWHENDROPPED

WHITESMOKE

SLOW SLOW

FAINTROTTENEGGS

HYDRO-CHLORICACID

PHENOL

SLOWFASTSLOW

FROTHSBLACKSMOKEWITH SOOT

BLACKSMOKEWITH SOOT

BURNTWOOLORHAIR

ODOROFSULFUR

CAMPHOR FAINTAPPLE

FAST FAST

ILLUMINATINGGAS ORMARIGOLD

BURNINGRUBBER

FAST

DENSESMOKEWITH SOOT

BLACKSMOKEWITH SOOT

SAMPLEBURNSCOMPLETELY

SLIGHTBLACKSMOKE

FAST

POLY-STYRENE

POLYESTER CELLULOSENITRATE

NYLON PPO PPS PVCPOLY-SULFONE

POLY-CARBONATE

POLY-URETHANE

THERMOSETS

YELLOWWITHBLUEEDGES

SOURCINNAMON

BLACKSMOKEWITHSOOT

BRIGHTYELLOW

NONE

CONTINUESTOBURN

BLACKSMOKE

SELF-EXTINGUISHING

NYLONPOLYCARBONATEPPOPOLYSULFONEPVC

PUNGENTAMINE

YELLOW

POLYESTER SILICONE EPOXY

TPV

Blue BaseLarge YellowTip

Burning Rubber

Fast

Black Smoke

TPO

TPVTPO

Floats

Blue withYellow Tip Silicone

Self-Extinguishing

Drop a smallsample in water

Sinks

ELASTOMERS

Burn a small cornerof the sample

Continuesto burn

URETHANE

POLYETHERTYPE

POLYESTERTYPE

STYRENIC POLYESTER POLYAMIDE

YELLOW YELLOWORANGE

BLUE WHITESMALL YELLOW

TIP

BURNINGRUBBER SWEET

BURNTWOOL OR

HAIR

YELLOW

FAINTAPPLE

FAST SLOW FAST SLOW SLOW

GRAY/BLACK SMOKEBUBBLES AND SPUTTERS

BLACKSMOKE

SOOTYSMOKE NO SMOKE

YELLOWORANGE

YellowSampleGlows

None

Slow

WhiteSmoke,Burned PartTurns White

Paraffin Wax

Slow

Melts & Drips

© Vishu Shah, Consultek, LLC, 460-D West Lambert Road, Brea, CA 92821, 714-674-1981 The Plastics identification technique is laid out in flowchart for eash step-by-step identification by process of elimination. This is shown in the plastics Identification Chart. There are some basic guidelines one must follow in order to simplify the procedure. The first step is to determine whether the material is thermoplastic or thermoset. This distinction is made by simply probing the sample with a soldering iron or a hot rod heated to approximately 500°F. If the sample softens, the material is thermoplastic. If not, it is thermoset. The next step is to conduct a flame test. It is desirable to use a colorless Bunsen burner. A matchstick can also be used in place of a Bunsen burner. However, care must be taken to distinguish between the odor of the materials used in the match and the odor given off by burning plastic materials. Before commencing the burning test, it is advisable to be prepared to write down the following observations:1.Does the material burn? 2.color of flame 3.Odor 4.Does the material drip while burning 5.Nature of smoke and color of smoke. 6. The presence of soot in the air. 7. Self-extinguishes or continues to burn. 8. Speed of burning--fast or slowTo identify the material, compare the actual observations with the ones listed in the flowchart. The accuracy of the test can be greatly improved by performing similar tests on a known sample. While performing the identification tests, one must not overlook safety factors. The drippings from the burning plastic may be very hot and sticky. After extinguishing the flame, inhale the smoke very carefully. Certain plastics like acetals give off a toxic formaldehyde gas that may cause a severe burning sensation in the nose and chest.

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