Plants: Structure and Function

Objectives: F3.11. Describe the general structure of vascular plants2. Describe the structures of the various types of tissues

in vascular plants.3. Homework: Explain the mechanisms by which

materials are transported throughout the plant

What do you already know...

• Name the process that occurs within the mitochondria of living cells.

• What is the equation for this process?• Name the process that occurs within the leaves of

green plants.• Why do plants carry out this process?• What two substances do plants make, during

photosynthesis, that animals need?• What substance do animals make, during respiration,

that plants need?

Classifying Plants

• Kingdom Plantae can be classified into two major divisions:

1. Vascular Plants (ie: Ferns, Trees)2. Nonvascular Plants (ie: Mosses)

In this unit we will be learning about vascular plants: their structure and

how they function.

A Typical Vascular Plant

Major Plant Parts and Functions

Explain what (general) function each of these plant parts carry out.

• Roots:

• Stem:

• Leaves:

• Flowers:

The "Typical" Plant BodyThe Shoot System (Leaves, Stem, Flowers)• Above ground (usually) • Elevates the plant above the soil • Many functions including:

– photosynthesis – reproduction & dispersal – food and water transportation in ________ and

___________

The Root System (Roots)• Underground (usually) • Anchors the plant in the soil • Absorb water and nutrients • Transports water and nutrients to the

_________• Food Storage

Plant Tissues...

• The tissues of a plant are organized into three tissue systems:

1) the dermal tissue system2) the ground tissue system3) the vascular tissue system

Work Sheet Activity

The tissues of a plant are organized into three tissue systems: the dermal tissue system, the ground tissue system, and the vascular tissue system.Use information from the table to answer the questions below it.

                                               

AnswersPlant Tissue Structure Function Location

Dermal Tissue

•Generally a single layer of cells •The "skin" of the plant ‘Epidermis’

• protection• prevention of water loss (waxy cuticle)

Outermost cell layer

Ground Tissue

•Makes up the bulk of the plant •Made up of -Parenchyma cells - Collenchyma cells-Schlerenchyma cells •In roots it is called pith

• photosynthesis• food storage• regeneration • support• protection

Middle cell layer

Vascular Tissue

Made up of •Xylem cells•Phloem cells•Parenchyma cells•Schlerenchyma cells

•Transport of water, ions, minerals, and food •Secondary role in support

Innermost cell layer

Dermal Tissue:

Vascular Tissue: Xylem Phloem

Tracheids Vessel members

Cell Types in the Plant Body...

Parenchyma: Consist of living cells that make up plant body.

• Involved in photosynthesis and nutrient and water storage

• Functions in healing and regeneration of plant parts

Collenchyma: Consist of living cells/Just below the epidermis

• Help strengthen the plant• Thicker, flexible cell walls (flexible plant parts)

Sclerenchyma: Usually dead at maturity.

• Secondary cell wall made of cellulose– Provides strength and rigidness to cell

More Plant Cells...

Xylem: Vascular tissue• Carries water and dissolved minerals up from the

roots to other plant parts

Phloem: Vascular tissue• Transports sugars, synthesized in the leaves

throughout the plant and down to the roots for storage.

Plenary...

1. Name 3 plant tissues.2. Name the specific type of tissue or cell

that performs each of the following functions:a) Provides a waterproof layerb) Transports sugars throughout the plantc) Transports water and minerals up the plantd) Stores carbohydratese) Forms a hard shell and provides support