Plants!Plants!

An introductionAn introduction

PlantsPlants All plants are multi-cellular,autotrophic All plants are multi-cellular,autotrophic

eukaryotes. eukaryotes. Lots of cells. Lots of cells. Produces its own food using chlorophyll. Produces its own food using chlorophyll. Has a Nucleus .Has a Nucleus .

PlantsPlants The plant kingdom is one of the largest groups The plant kingdom is one of the largest groups

of living things with more than half a million of living things with more than half a million different species. different species. Examples include: multi-cellular algae, moss, Examples include: multi-cellular algae, moss,

ferns, flowering plants, and trees. ferns, flowering plants, and trees.

PlantsPlants Plants are not able to independently move Plants are not able to independently move

from one place to another. from one place to another. Plants have dedicated tissuesPlants have dedicated tissues

Groups of cells to perform specific functions.Groups of cells to perform specific functions. All plants require male and female parts to All plants require male and female parts to

reproduce. reproduce.

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications There are only 4 distinct types of plants.There are only 4 distinct types of plants.

Non-vascular seedless plantsNon-vascular seedless plants Vascular seedlessVascular seedless Vascular non-flowering (like pine cones)Vascular non-flowering (like pine cones) Vascular floweringVascular flowering

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Non-Vascular SeedlessNon-Vascular Seedless

Plants that do not use a system of vessels to Plants that do not use a system of vessels to transport water and nutrients between different transport water and nutrients between different parts of the plant.parts of the plant.

Non-vascular plants are the simplest of all land Non-vascular plants are the simplest of all land dwelling plants.dwelling plants.

All are low-growing.All are low-growing. First plants on land.First plants on land.

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Non-Vascular SeedlessNon-Vascular Seedless

MossesMosses

http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/plants-gardening/plants/moss/examples-mosses.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Non-Vascular SeedlessNon-Vascular Seedless

LiverwortsLiverworts

http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/content/1/c6/05/24/91/liverworts-close-up-web.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Non-Vascular SeedlessNon-Vascular Seedless

HornwortsHornworts

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/hornwortyoung.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Seedless, VascularSeedless, Vascular

The plants in this group have a true vascular The plants in this group have a true vascular transport system for the movement of water and transport system for the movement of water and nutrients nutrients

They are "seedless" because they reproduce by They are "seedless" because they reproduce by means of spores. means of spores.

SporeSpore a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal.a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal.

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Seedless, VascularSeedless, Vascular

FernsFerns

http://kmacphoto.net/ferns.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Seedless, VascularSeedless, Vascular

HorsetailsHorsetails

http://www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/hrstail/6-29-19.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Seedless, VascularSeedless, Vascular

Whisk FernsWhisk Ferns

http://www.palaeos.com/Plants/Images/Psilotum.jpg

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Flowering, Vascular with SeedsFlowering, Vascular with Seeds

AngiospermsAngiosperms

http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Anthoph/floweringplant

Angiosperm Life CycleAngiosperm Life Cycle

tutorvista.com

Angiosperm Life CycleAngiosperm Life Cycle Parts of a seed.Parts of a seed.

http://extension.missouri.edu/p/MG3

Plant ClassificationsPlant Classifications Non-Flowering, Vascular with SeedsNon-Flowering, Vascular with Seeds

GymnospermsGymnosperms

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/graphics/taxonomy/plants/spermatophyta/Gymnosperms/

Gymnosperm Life CycleGymnosperm Life Cycle

tutorvista.com

Gymnosperm Life CycleGymnosperm Life Cycle Parts of a cone.Parts of a cone.

Parts of a Plant Parts of a Plant LEAFLEAF

Absorbs sunlight for plant to convert to energy.Absorbs sunlight for plant to convert to energy. Stores chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. Stores chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis. Contain StomaContain Stoma

a pore, found in the leaf and stem of plants that is used for gas a pore, found in the leaf and stem of plants that is used for gas exchangeexchange

Can be wide and flat (as in a maple leaf) or long and thin Can be wide and flat (as in a maple leaf) or long and thin (as in a cactus spine) (as in a cactus spine)

Covered with a water proof layer called the cuticleCovered with a water proof layer called the cuticle

Parts of a Plant Parts of a Plant LEAFLEAF

http://www.woodlands.co.uk/images/tree-identification/leafdiagram.jpg

Parts of a Plant Parts of a Plant LEAFLEAF

http://www.molecularexpressions.com/cells/

leaftissue/images/leafstructurelargefigure1.jpg

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant STEMSTEM

supports leaves and flowers.supports leaves and flowers. carries water, minerals, and food up and down between the carries water, minerals, and food up and down between the

plant’s leaves and roots.plant’s leaves and roots. can be small and thin (as in a flower) or tall and thick (as in can be small and thin (as in a flower) or tall and thick (as in

a tree).a tree). helps plant grow in a direction toward energy sources.helps plant grow in a direction toward energy sources. has light-sensitive tips to ensure growth toward light. has light-sensitive tips to ensure growth toward light.

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant STEMSTEM

http://paintthelight.net/BotanyProject/Activities/images/2004_gallery_stem_diagram.jpg

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant ROOTROOT

Grows down into the soil or water.Grows down into the soil or water. Anchors plant to the earth.Anchors plant to the earth. Absorbs water and minerals needed for growth.Absorbs water and minerals needed for growth. Includes varieties, based on structure:Includes varieties, based on structure:

Taproots: single large root with a few smaller, Taproots: single large root with a few smaller, branching roots.branching roots.

Fibrous roots: many small roots branching off in Fibrous roots: many small roots branching off in different directions. different directions.

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant TaprootTaproot

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Plant_taproots.jpg

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant

Fibrous rootsFibrous roots

http://www.croplangenetics.com/stellent/groups/public/documents/web_content/ecmd0014867.jpg

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant Vascular SystemVascular System

XylemXylem Used for water and mineral transportUsed for water and mineral transport

PhloemPhloem Used for sugar/food transportUsed for sugar/food transport

Parts of a PlantParts of a Plant Vascular SystemVascular System

http://www.treeboss.net/images/bark_cross_section.jpg

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants Photosynthesis is the process by which plants

take energy from the sun and combine carbon take energy from the sun and combine carbon dioxide and water to produce food. dioxide and water to produce food.

Water + Carbon Dioxide + Light ---> Sugar + OxygenWater + Carbon Dioxide + Light ---> Sugar + Oxygen