PLANTSAre eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic.They must obtain water and nutrients, retain water, transport materials throughout their body, have support for their body and reproduce.

- Non vascular plants: don’t have true vascular tissue for support or transport. (Ex: mosses)- Vascular plants: have true vascular tissue for moving materials quickly and efficiently throughout the plant’s body. (Ex: seedless plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms)

PLANTS Life Cycle:

1. Zygote is produced from the fertilization process.2. Zygote develops into a sporophyte, where spores

are produced. This spores develop into a gametophyte.

3. The gametophyte produces sex cells: sperm and egg cells.

4. The sperm cells fertilize the egg cells, and a zygote is formed and the cycle starts again.

VASCULAR PLANTSVASCULAR TISSUE

PHLOEM: food moves through this tissue. Food is made in leaves, then enters the phloem and travels to other parts of the plant.

XYLEM: water and minerals travel trough this tissue. Roots absorb water and minerals and they enter the xylem and move upward into the stem and leaves.

VASCULAR PLANTSSEEDLESS PLANTS: ferns and horse tails.• Instead of seeds, they reproduce by spores. • Need to grow in moist places, because the spores are released in their surroundings, where they grow into gametophytes. The sperm cells (produced by the gametophyte) swim through the water toward the egg cells• Have true stems, roots and leaves.

VASCULAR PLANTSSEED PLANTS:•The part that you see is the sporophyte.

Gametophyte is microscopic. • Use pollen and seeds to reproduce.Pollen: tiny structure that will become spermSeed: structure that contains a young plant in

a protective covering.

VASCULAR PLANTSSEED PLANTS• Structure of a seed: embryo, store food, seed coat- In all seeds, the embryo has one or more seed

leaves: the cotyledons, that provides food for the embryo.

• Roots: absorb water and minerals. There are 2 types of root systems: fibrous root system and taproot system.• Stems: carries substances and gives support. 2 types of stems: woody or herbaceous.

VASCULAR PLANTSGYMNOSPERMS: cycads, conifers, ginkgoes and gnetophytes•Seed plant that produces “naked seeds”. •Have needle-like leaves•Oldest type of seed plant.•Reproductive structures called cones female

and male cones.

VASCULAR PLANTSANGIOSPERMS: flowering plantsAre divides in two main groups: 1. Monocots: have only one seed leaf. Have long,

slender leaves with parallel veins. Examples: grasses, lilies, tulips.

2. Dicots: have 2 seed leaves. Flowers have 4 -5 petals (or multiples of these numbers); the leaves are wide with branching veins. Examples: roses, sunflowers, apples.

VASCULAR PLANTSANGIOSPERMS

VASCULAR PLANTS: Angiosperms

PLANTS: Workshop in groups of 3(only 6A)

1. What are the two different types of cones and what role does each cone play in gymnosperm reproduction?

2. Describe the life cycle of Gymnosperms3. Describe the role of a flower’s sepals, petals,

stamens and pistil.4. Describe the life cycle of Angiosperms.

References• Jenner, J et. al. 2011. Science Explorer From

Bacteria to Plants. Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall• Purves, et al. 2003. Vida, la Ciencia de la

Biología.