plant classes and parts basic plant science afnr-bas-13: explain and demonstrate basic plant science...

Plant Classes and PartsPlant Classes and PartsBasic Plant ScienceBasic Plant Science

AFNR-BAS-13: Explain and demonstrate basic plant science principles including plant health, growth and reproduction.

Uses of PlantsUses of Plants

Plants provide for the three basic human needs:1. food: fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, etc.

2. clothing: cotton, linen, wool, leather (plants feed the animals that grow the wool and leather)

3. shelter: lumber and other wood products

www.OneLessThing.net 2


direct source: the plant or plant products are used by humans fruits, nuts, vegetables, cotton

indirect source: humans use the animal and animal products that feed on plants and plant products beef, leather, chicken, wool



Plants are also used by humans for ornamental and aesthetic reasons to provide comfort or beauty. landscaping (flowers, shrubs, trees, turf) ornamental horticulture and floral design

(house plants, cut flowers forestry and outdoor recreation (wildlife

habitat, hiking, hunting)


Major Groups of PlantsMajor Groups of Plants

gymnosperms: means “naked seed” in Greek plants that produce seeds not protected by fruit examples: pines, firs, spruces, redwoods,

ginkgo



angiosperms: in Greek means “covered seed” or “enclosed

seed” plants that flower and produce seeds protected

by fruit or pods examples: apples, peaches, pecans, soybeans



There are two classes of angiosperms with distinct characteristics.

cotyledon: an embryonic leaf which become the seed leaf monocotyledons (a.k.a. monocots); “mono-” -

means “one” dicotyledons (a.k.a. dicots); “di-” means “two”



monocotyledons (a.k.a. monocots) seeds have one cotyledon therefore the seedlings

have one seed leaf the vascular bundles are scattered the leaves have parallel veins flower parts are in multiples of three



dicotyledons (a.k.a. dicots) seeds have two cotyledons therefore the

seedlings have two seed leaves the vascular bundles are arranged in a circle the leaves have netted veins flower parts are in multiples of four or five


Taxonomy (Naming Taxonomy (Naming Plants)Plants)

scientific names are in Latin and printed in italics

common names can be confusing because different areas call plants by different names

binomial nomenclature two-name system first name is the genus second name is the species species can be further subdivided into varieties


Plant Life CyclesPlant Life Cycles

Annuals: plants that complete their life cycle in one year (or one season)

examples: marigolds, pansies, petunias, melons, beans, squash (and many other flowers, crops, and weeds)



Biennials: plants that complete their life cycle in two growing seasons

grows vegetative structures (roots, stems, leaves) in the first year and then after a period of dormancy during cold months, it will produce flowers and seeds before dying

examples: carrot, parsley, onion, cabbage, hollyhock, Black-eyed Susan



Perennials: plants that produce for more than two years or growing seasons

may die back during the winter months and then return from their rootstock

examples: azalea, alfalfa, pine trees, maple trees, fruit and nut trees, blueberries

There are two classes of perennials. herbaceous: plants that have soft stems that are

killed by frost woody: plants with hardy stems that can survive

winter frost


Plant ProcessesPlant Processes

photosynthesis: the chemical process converting sunlight into energy and food for the plant

respiration: the process of plants using stored energy

transpiration: the movement and loss of water through evaporation


Plant PartsPlant Parts

Roots: anchor the plant absorb water and minerals store manufactured food

primary root: the single main root secondary roots: small roots that branch off the

main root root hairs: many tiny roots that increase the

surface area of the root for absorption root cap: protects the growing tip of roots



Types of Roots: tap root: root system with one thick main root fibrous roots: system with many small roots adventitious roots: grow from the stem or leaf

of a plant example: corn has roots above ground to prop up

the stalk



Stems: support the leaves, flowers, and fruit conduct water, minerals, and food store food and water produce new stem tissues



Two types of conductive tissues in the stem: xylem: transports water and minerals from the

roots phloem: transports food from the leaves both are created by the cambium which

becomes growth rings in trees the xylem and phloem are arranged in a ring in

dicots and scattered in moncots



Leaves: produce food for the plant through photosynthesis epidermis: protective layer of cells cuticle: waxy coating that prevents water loss stomata: pore-like openings on the underside of the

leaf that allow gas exchange guard cells: control the opening and closing of the

stomata mesophyll: where photosynthesis takes place; made

up of palisade layer and the spongy layer veins: contain xylem and phloem and transport

water and nutrientswww.OneLessThing.net 19


Flowers: purpose of flowers is to reproduce through the

production of seeds sepals: the outermost part of a flower (usually

green) that protects the unopened flower and supports the petals when it blooms

as a whole all the sepals are called the calyx petals: attract insects and birds for pollination;

usually conspicuously colored



Flowers: stamen: the male part of the flower

anther: produces the pollen which contains the male sex cells

filament: supports the anther pistil: the female part of the flower

stigma: provides a sticky surface to catch pollen style: supports the stigma ovary: produces the female sex cells and

becomes the fruit


Flower AnatomyFlower Anatomy



Flowers: complete flowers: flowers that have all the parts

(sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil) incomplete flowers: flowers that lack one of the

four main parts - petals, sepals, pistil, or stamen male flowers will not have a pistil and female

flowers will lack stamen monoecious: plants that have male and female

flowers on the same plant dioecious: plants that have male and female

flowers on separate plants



Fruit: a mature (fertilized) ovary containing the seed

or seeds may be fleshy or dried

fleshy fruit are soft and may be consumed by humans or animals as food which helps to disperse the seeds; examples include pumpkin, apple, tomato

dry fruits have hard seeds


Thank you for learning Thank you for learning with One Less Thing!with One Less Thing!““We make teaching Ag easier.”We make teaching Ag easier.”

plant classes and parts basic plant science afnr-bas-13: explain and demonstrate basic plant science...

Documents

plant classes

leather plants

plant health

plant productsbeef

seed leafmonocotyledons

naked seed

groups of plantsgymnosperms

groups of plantsdicotyledons