pku3105 languange awareness

8/3/2019 PKU3105 Languange Awareness

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ISLISL

ELT METHODOLOGYELT METHODOLOGYBy:

FAIQAH BINTI MOHAMMAD FAUZIPISMP SEM 3 (PK BM/KS/PJ)


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LANGUANGELANGUANGEAWARENESSAWARENESS

SENTENCE TYPE(SIMPLE, COMPOUND & COMPLEX

SENTENCES)WRITING SKILL


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SIMPLE SENTENCESIMPLE SENTENCE

y simplesentence, alsocalled an

independentclause, contains a subjectand a verb, anditexpresses a completethought.


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Simple sentences , subject inSimple sentences , subject inyellow, and a verbs are in greenyellow, and a verbs are in green

A. Somestudents like tostudy in

themornings.

B.Juan andArturo play football

every afternoon.

C. Alicia goestothelibrary andstudiesevery day.


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y Thethreeexamples are allsimple

sentences.y Notethatsentence B contains acompoundsubject

y Sentence C contains a compound verb.

y Simplesentences, therefore, contain asubject and verb andexpress a completethought, butthey can alsocontain acompoundsubjectsor verbs.


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COMPOUND SENTENCECOMPOUND SENTENCE

y A compoundsentencecontainstwoindependentclauses joined by acoordinator.

y Thecoordinators are as follows: for, and,nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpfulhint: Thefirstletterofeachofthecoordinators

spellsFANBOYS.)y Except for very shortsentences,coordinators are alwayspreceded by acomma.


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Compound sentencesCompound sentences, subject, subject are inare in yellowyellow,,verbverb are inare in greengreen and theand the coordinatorcoordinator andand

commascommas that precede them are inthat precede them are in redred

I tried tospeak Spanish, and my friendtried tospeak English.

I tried tospeak Spanish, and my friendtried tospeak English.

Adam played football, soMarlina wentshopping.Adam played football, soMarlina wentshopping.

Adamplayedfootball, forMarlina wentshoppingAdamplayedfootball, forMarlina wentshopping


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y The abovethreesentences arecompoundsentences. Eachsentencecontainstwoindependent

clauses, andthey are joined by a coordinatorwith acomma preceding it.y Notehowtheconscious useofcoordinatorscanchangetherelationship betweentheclauses.

y Sentences B and C, forexample, areidenticalexceptforthecoordinators.

Insentence B, which actionoccurred first? Obviously,"Adamplayed football" first, and as a consequence, "Mariawentshopping.

Insentence C, "Marlina wentshopping" first. Insentence C,"Adamplayed football" because, possibly, hedidn'thaveanything elsetodo, fororbecause "Marlina wentshopping."

Howcanthe useofothercoordinatorschangetherelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses? Whatimplicationswouldthe useof "yet" or "but" haveonthemeaning ofthesentence?


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COMPLEX SENTENCESCOMPLEX SENTENCES

y A complexsentencehas anindependentclause joined by oneormoredependentclauses. A complexsentence alwayshas asubordinatorsuch asbecause, since,after, although, or when or a relativepronounsuch asthat, who, or which. In

the following complexsentences, subjectsarein yellow, verbs arein green, andthesubordinators andtheircommas (whenrequired) areinred.


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In the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, andIn the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and

the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in rthe subordinators and their commas (when required) are in reded

A)Whenhe handed inhishomework, he forgot

to forgivetheteacherthelastpage

B)Theteacher returned thehomeworkaftershenoticedtheerror

C)Thestudents arestudying because

they havea testtomorrow


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In the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, andIn the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and

the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in rthe subordinators and their commas (when required) are in reded

D)After they finishedstudying,Johnand Lisa wenttothemovies.

E)John and Lisa went tomovies afterthey finished studying.


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y When a complexsentence beginswith a

subordinatorsuch assentences A and D, acomma isrequired attheendofthedependentclause.

y Whentheindependentclause beginsthe

sentencewithsubordinatorsinthemiddleasinsentences B, C, and E, nocomma isrequired. If a comma isplaced beforethesubordinatorsinsentences B, C, and E, it

iswrong.


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y Notethatsentences D and E arethesameexceptsentence D beginswiththedependentclausewhichis followed by acomma, andsentence E beginswiththeindependentclausewhichcontainsnocomma.

y Thecomma afterthedependentclauseinsentence D isrequired, andexperiencedlisteners of Englishwilloftenheara slight

pausethere. Insentence E, however,therewill benopausewhentheindependentclause beginsthesentence.


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COMPLEX SENTENCES /COMPLEX SENTENCES /ADJECTIVE CLAUSESADJECTIVE CLAUSES

y Finally, sentencescontaining adjective

clauses (ordependentclauses) are alsocomplex becausethey contain anindependentclause and a dependentclause. Thesubjects, verbs, and

subordinators aremarkedthesame asintheprevioussentences, andinthesesentences, theindependentclauses arealso underlined.


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In the following complex sentences, subjects are inIn the following complex sentences, subjects are inyellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators andyellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators and

their commas (when required) are in red.their commas (when required) are in red.

A.Thewoman who(m) my momtalkedtosells cosmetics.

B. The book that Jonathan readison

theshelf.

C. Thehouse whichAbraham Lincoln

was bornin isstillstanding.


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y Adjective Clauses arestudiedinthissite

separately, but fornowitisimportanttoknowthatsentencescontaining adjectiveclauses arecomplex.


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ReferencesReferences

y Nesamalar Chitravelu & Saratha

Sithamparam(2005), ELT Methodology:Principles and Practice (2nd Edition), FajarBakti Sdn. Bhd. : Selangor

y http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm

y http://www.kidsgen.com/short_stories/two_frogs.htm

y http://www.youtube.com

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