pku3105 factors affecting language learning aquisition

8/3/2019 PKU3105 Factors Affecting Language Learning Aquisition

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PREPARED BY :

NURHAJAR BT JAYA

PISMP PK BM/PJ

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

METHODOLOGY

(FACTORS AFFECTING LANGUAGELEARNING/ACQUISITION-COGNITIVE)


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What is cognitive processes?

The way the students processes

language cognitively affects theway of their own languagedevelops.

How often the students hearstheir parents, friends and othersspeak affects their cognitive

processes in learning language.

Children who are exposed to anunusually high proportion ofexamples of a language form

learn at a faster rate than thosewho are not.


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What is cognitive factors?

something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) thatcontributes to producing a result

Studentslanguages(primarylanguages) areusually welldevelopedbeforethey enterschool. Butforallchildren,

thelanguageusedinschoolsisdifferentfromthelanguagethey know fromhome. Languageisusedinexpanded waysat

schooltocreatemeaningfrom print,toanalyzeandcompareinformation,etc. Alloftheseactivitiesinvolve

cognitivefactors. Studentslearninmanydifferent waysusingavarietyofstrategiesandstyles.


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Cognitive Factors

Rate of learning is affected by frequency.

- Children whoareexposed withunusualhighproportionofexamplesfromalanguage form will develop betterlanguageskillsthanthoseof children

whoreceivecommoninput.

Adjustment among different fields of language.

- Thismayoccur whenthe childrenhaslessmentalresourcestowardthetotaltargetedsentence.

Delays in the development of maturity and intellectual functions.

- Willingnesstolearnandtheabilitytoreceiveeducationforchildren withlearningdisabilitiesisnotthesameasnormalchildrenbecausetheyhavelow

memory,observationskillsandconceptualandcreativeabilities.

- Forexample,theycanonlylearn whattheyarelearning whattheyhavelearnedbynormalchildrenaged 6 attheageof 8 yearsormore.


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StagesofDevelopment

(Kreshen andTerrel)

Comprehensionstage

- alsocalledthesilentperiodorpreproductionstage.

- Thelearnersimpleneedstoabsorbthesoundsandrhythmsofthenew language,becomes

familiar with words,etc.

Earlyproductionstage.

- The studentsfeelsmoreconfidentandattemptto

say wordsandphrases.

Extendingproductionorspeechemergence.

- Thestudentproduceslonger

andmore

complex

utterances,

beginstorecognizeandcorrecthis/herownerrorsandbecomes

morecomfortableatinitiatingorsustainingconversation.


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REFERENCESREFERENCES

1)Factors That Influence Language DevelopmenteHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6018235_factors-influence-language-development.html#ixzz1FAexVlKM

2)http://speechtherapy.ygoy.com/factors-that-influence-language-development-cognitive-processes-conceptual-and-linguistic/

3)http://www.stanford.edu/~hakuta/www/research/

publications/(1999)%20-%20CONFOUNDED%20AGE%20LINGUISTIC%20AND%20COGNITIVE%20FACTORS%20IN%20.pdf


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FACTORSAFFECTING LANGUAGEFACTORSAFFECTING LANGUAGE

LEARNING /ACQUISITION :LEARNING /ACQUISITION :ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

BY NURAZINIE BINTIABD HALIM

PISMP PK BM/PJ

SEMESTER3


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Definition of LanguageDefinition of Language

LLearning /Acquisitionearning /Acquisition

y Language acquisition is the process by which

humans acquire the capacity to perceive,produce and use words to understand andcommunicate.

y Language acquisition usually refers to first

language acquisition, which studies infants'acquisition of their native language, ratherthan second language acquisition, whichdeals with acquisition (in both children andadults) of additional languages.


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FACTORSAFFECTINGLANGUAGELEARNING /ACQUISITION

1)Age

2) Motivation

3)Teacher

4)

Attitudes

5)Family


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Example : Fathman (1973), found that inthe first year of study, 11-to-15-year-olds

were significantly bettter at acquiringEnglish as a second language than 6-to-10-year-olds in pronunciation, morphology,

and syntax.

Older childrenacquire faster

than youngerchildren.

Example : It was found thatafter 9 months of instruction in

French, 7-to-9-year-oldsperformed better than 4-to-6-

year-olds did in comprehension, imitation, and conversation.A

GE


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MOTIVATION

Is a kind ofdesire forlearning.

It is a very difficultto teach a second

language in alearning

environment if thelearner does not

have a desire tolearn a language.

A less able students who ishighly motivated can achieve

greater success than themore intelligent students

who is not well motivated.

Depends on thesocial interaction

between theteacher and the

learner.

Stronginterpersonal andsocial interaction

can create aneffective learning

environment.


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Maintain and maximize motivation of the students.

Shulman (1986), expresses that students learning isfacilitated most effectively when students aremotivated.

Encouraging and supporting students at all times butespecially when they are struggling or lackingconfidences in certain areas.

Creating atmosphere in which students are not afraidto make mistakes and are encouraged them to take

risks.

Providing opportunities for interaction in the targetlanguage in and outside the language environmentthrough spontaneous activities.

TEACHER


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ATTITUDES


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ReferencesReferences

y http://pdfcast.org/pdf/the-effects-of-age-

and-motivation-factors-on-second-

language-acquisition

y http://ezinearticles.com/?Language-

Acquisition-vs-Language-

Learning&id=137148

y http://www.englishraven.com/trmethodologyGen.html

pku3105 factors affecting language learning aquisition

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