UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURTFACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SIWES TECHNICAL REPORT

Presented By

ANYAMAOBI NWANKWO PIUSMAT. NUMBER: U2007/3025224

ATTACHED AT

SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING WORKSHOPUNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT

FEBRUARY, 2012.

DEDICATION

I dedicate this industry training report to the Supreme Being

God, the Father Almighty, who kept me alive throughout the

duration of these six months of industrial training period.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I remain sincerely grateful to my supervisor Mr. Israel Anyanwu,

I also thank the head of Mechanical Engineering Department Dr

J.C. Ofudu, and senior staffs of Mechanical Engineering

Department Prof. D.P.S Abam, Prof John .U. Okoli, Prof C.O.C

Oko, Dr Harold .U. Nwosu, Dr O.M.O Etebu and all other staff of

Mechanical Engineering Department.

My heart goes to my director Dr Evbuomwan, B.O. who

confirmed my appointment and also gave me professional

advice.

I cannot afford to put aside the Chief Technician Mr. F.O.

Ochimba and all other technician and staffs at the workshop

who have actually, an instrument in impacting this knowledge

in me.

Above all I thank my parents and siblings who gave me both

financial and moral support.

ABSTRACT

Metal cutting or “Machining” is the process of using machine

tool and cutting tool in combination to reduce the shape of a

material to some desired and specific shape and size

(dimension).

During my industrial wok experience scheme at Science and

Engineering Workshop (SEW) work, fabricated and welding

operations Which include the production of floor mop, metal

stool, production of nuts and bolts, bearing sitter, solar fish

drier etc.

Most of these processes involve the use of machine tools such

as lathe machine, drilling, shaping, guillotine, true fold

machine, welding machine etc. Some of the jobs done were for

industrial use, fixing up of some spoilt machine

parts/production of intricate part of machine and for some the

final year student projects etc.

CHAPTER ONE

THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING WORKSHOP (SEW)

1.1 INTRODUCTION

My SIWES training was with Science and Engineering

Workshop in the University of Port Harcourt Choba

(UNIPORT). In this period my work in workshop was mainly

on machining operations. The training experience exposed

me to the effective use of machine tools as well as cutting

tools for proper production processes.

My areas of training was on the use of lathe, drilling

machine, shaping machine, hack saw, grinding machine,

bench vice, guillotine, folding/true fold machine etc.

Furthermore, the various problems encountered during

the period of my SIWES training and the relevance of the

SIWES program to us as undergraduate is also highlighted

in this report.

Conclusively, this report underscores the various ways of

improving the SIWES programme in order to ensure

successful training of subsequent students who undergo

the SIWES training.

1.2 HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

WORKSHOP (SEW)

The faculty of Engineering had not come into existence in

the 1980’s when the Science and Engineering Workshop

was initially established. It was formally called the Physic

Workshop under the directorship of Prof .A.O Avwaraye

and Mr. Frederick Onoshorkpo as the chief technologist. In

1983 after the establishment of the faculty of Engineering,

it became necessary to expand the workshop so as to

accommodate the faculty. Under the directorship of Dr

Nkpadi and Mr. Frederick as chief technologist, the

workshop acquired its current site and changed to Science

and Engineering Workshop 1988.

Currently under the directorship of Dr Benson .W. Oriji and

Mr. F.O.Ochimba as the chief technologist, the Science

and Engineering Workshop has helped to facility some

project for final year undergraduate in fabrication, as well

as to provide technical support for research activities in

the form of project construction and instrumentation for

academic staff and graduate research students.

1.2.1Organization Chart Of The Science and Engineering

Workshop(SEW)

1.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING WORKSHOP (SEW).

The Science and Engineering Workshop (SEW) comprise of

the following departments:

1.3.1Welding/Machining Department

These departments are controlled by the chief

technologist alongside with other technicians.

Basically, this is the largest department in the

Science and Engineering Workshop (SEW). It comprises of

several other parts like lathe, drilling, milling, shaping,

grinding, and welding sections.

These department primary objectives are in the design

and fabrication of mechanical components and products

like nuts and bolts, pulleys, gears, threads, chamfering

etc. This was the department where I was attached during

my six months industrial training experience.

1.3.2Electrical/Electronics Department

This department is headed by Mr. Oribi Johnson. They are

concerned with electrical works like rewinding of

generators, and motors, repairs of electronics, phones and

the design of electrical boards. They also ensure that the

machines in the workshop are electrically viable.

1.3.3 Woodwork Department

In this is the department where various kinds of wood

works are done. They are involved in making of office

chairs and tables, engineering drawing boards for year

one students, class room chairs and desk, notice board,

and so many other wood works for the university.

1.3.4 Glass-Blowing Department

This department is head by Mr. George the department is

involved in manufacture, construction, maintenance and

repair of the university laboratory equipments. The

apparatus produced here are; burette, pipette, glass

manometer, conical flask etc.

1.3.5Administrative Department

This department is headed by a director which is fully in

charge of the workshop and other staff like senior

executive officer, higher executive officer, senior clerical

officer, computer operator, caretaker and cleaner.

This department takes charge of staff welfare and

remuneration with the day to day running of the

workshop.

CHAPTER TWO

INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

2.1 Workshop work experience

During my six (6) months of industrial training, all works

were done in the Science and Engineering workshop in

this period, I was able to make use of lathe machine; to

taper turn, the drilling machine: to drill and to chain drill,

hacksaw, shaping machine: to produce keyways, slots and

large number of things as regards to engineering practice

and workshop practices.

2.2 MAJOR PROJECT EXECUTED DURING SIWES PERIOD

In the machining section where I was attached, we were

made to apply theoretical principles we acquired in the

class room alongside the practical knowledge we gained in

the workshop to execute series of projects, some of which

includes:

i. Production Floor Mop

ii. Production of Metal Stool

iii. Production of Nuts and Bolts

iv. Production of Bearing Sitter

v. Building of a Solar Fish Drier.

i. Production of Floor Mop

This device is used for cleaning of floors. It was built with a

remote control which enhanced its operational use. This

device is an assembly of a 125X150X225mm rectangular

tank, a cylindrical metal tank (drum with foam piece), a

metal tray, a rear wheel, a front wheel, an electrical

motor, scrapper, battery, brain box, pulleys, belt and

improvised remote which was used in the control and was

connected to the housing by the means of an electrical

cable.

The operations carried out on this project are; marking out

of specified dimensions, cutting into shapes, folding the

cylindrical tank (drum foam), welding of the various

components to the base and joining of the wheels to the

base with screws. The device is shown in appendix A.

ii. Production of a Metal Stool

Metal stool is used in most of the engineering laboratories.

Materials used: square iron (metal), angular iron (metal),

screws, polished wood.

Machine/tools used: true fold machine, hack saw, screw

fastener, bench vice and harmer. The process include: The

cutting of square iron (metals) into four (4) desired length

of each 800mm, which was used for the legs. Cutting and

folding of an angular iron (metal) to square sides of

250x250mm (the housing for the bed/top sit also known

as squared trays for the bed /top sit). Shaping and

planning of the polished wood (bed/top sit) would help to

fit in the squared tray.

Assembly of the legs and tray was done by welding

process to make the chassis. Lastly, fitting of the bed into

the chassis of the metal stool by the use of a screw and a

screw fastener completed the process.

The major operations: cutting operations, shaping

planning operation, folding operation, and lastly joining

process (temporarily and permanently).

The diagram of the metal stool is shown in appendix B.

iii. Production of Nuts and Bolts.

The bolts and nuts are components used for temporarily

joining machine parts. The nut is produced by machining a

mild steel rod with a six sides of diameter of 40mm was

measured and cut to a 2inch size. This was taken to the

lathe machine to be faced taking cognizance of

dimensions. The nuts we produced were 12mm nuts

hence we with a 10.5mm drill bit was drilled, with

10.5mm drill bit before tapping with 12mm tap and

wrench to thread it internally. And this was done for the

nut.

The for the bolt, a rod was cut a length of 50mm and then

threaded on the lathe externally, whose thread pitch

coincide with that of the nut, the threading was done by

setting of the gears on the lathe and the thread pitch on

the lathe.

Material/machines used: mild steel, the lathe, drilling

machine, file and a venire caliper.

The diagram is shown in appendix C.

iv. Production of a Bearing Sitter/Dice Holder

The bearing sitter is a circular material made of mild

carbon steel. There are bearings are fitted before they

could be attached to a device.

Process: It’s a round circular material whose diameter

almost equal to that of a bearing with a thickness of about

3.5mm is gotten, and machined until it conforms to the

diameter and size of the bearing.

Afterwards the material is drilled to a diameter of about

12.5mm; one side was then machine to fit the bearing into

the material. We made several of the bearing sitters as

well as the dice holder, which share similar process.

The machining tools used were boring tool and a drill bit of

12.5mm. These are used to make a hollow to the size of

the bearing fitted.

The diagram is shown in Appendix D.

v. Building of a Solar Fish Drier.

A solar fish drier is a fish drying device that uses the heat

(solar energy) from the sun for its operation. The solar fish

drier was made in the form of a house.

Process: To make the solar fish drier, a frame was made,

with some numerous of plywood’s to a given

measurement, the plywood’s were cut into various shapes

and sizes and nailed to form the skeleton of the housing of

the solar fish drier.

Afterward they are filled with saw – dust and top bond, to

cover every opening between them. Four angled metal

were cut to the size to fit in the house, which served as a

base for the gauze tray, which was made with help of the

true fold.

The tray fit into the entrance of the house. A flat PVC

material was bought and cut to the size of the house; this

was used to cover the frame of the house.

But the solar fish drier hard an entrance where the tray

get suit, a door was created with the PVC material open

and close the fish drier and a black sheet of material is

plastered to the inside walls of the solar fish drier.

Summary materials used: woods, nails, polyvinylchloride

(PVC), screws, gauze tray metal sheet, a transparent

glass, a black sheet of material.

Note that the transparent glass helps to trap sun light and

it’s been absorbed by the black body inside the solar fish

which is the power source of the device. The diagram is

shown in Appendix E.

2.3 UNITS OF WORKSHOP TOOLS AND MACHINES

2.3.1Workshop Measuring Tool

Measurement was a very vital part in machining process

which looks minute but very important. I was really taught

how to make use of various measuring instruments such

as meter rule, measuring tape, venire caliper, micrometer

screw gauge and the various conversions and accuracy.

i. Venire Caliper

This is the most common measuring derive used more

often in the workshop. These instruments are capable

measuring of external, internal, step and depth of a shaft

etc. Measurements are available in a range of measuring

capacities form 150mm to 1000mm.

The venire calipers can be said to have a reading accuracy

of 0.01cm or 0.1mm.

ii. Micrometer

This is used to measure diameters of a very thin piece of

a wire or object. It has a higher reading accuracy than the

venire caliper. The micrometer can be said to have a

reading accuracy of 0.001cm or 0.01mm.

iii. Measuring Tape

It is a very vital tool used in the workshop in a situation

where works to be done are very lengthy.

It is divided into metric and imperial reading. The meter

reading involves; the meter and millimeter measurement

while the imperial reading involves; the inch and foot

measurement.

Conversion:

16 gradient = 1 inch = 25.4mm=2.54cm=0.0254m.

12inch = 304.8mm = 30.48cm = 0.3048m

Also note that 2 feet 3 inch could be represented as 21311

iv. Filler Gauge

The filler gauge is a measuring tool that is used in a

compartment where the venire caliper cannot measure.

That is filler gauge goes into such a compartment, gets

the gauge of that compartment then the venires caliper

take the measurement from the gauge.

v. Thread Gauge

This is a measuring tool that has two (2) sides the metric

and the imperial side. They are used to determine the

pitch thread.

2.3.2 Hand Tool

Hand tools are used for the removal of small quantity of

material usually from small areas of a work piece. This

may be done because no machine is available, the work

piece is too large to go on a machine, the shape is too

intricate or simply that it would be too expensive to set up

a machine to do the work.

They include:

i. A File

Files are used to perform variety of task, from simple

removal of sharp edges, roughening down, squaring,

finishing surface to produce intricate shapes where the

use of a machine is impracticable.

Files come in various shapes and sizes for the purpose of

filling various shapes and compartment. Types of files

include: flat file, square file, round file, three square, half-

round file, knife file, dread naught file, and needle file are

name according to their shapes and functions.

ii. Knurling Tool

This is a tool used on the lathe machine. It is used to

roughen the surface of a metal cylinder in order to

enhance grip of the material. The knurling tool is a

machine tool that has to two roughed rollers on it, that

actually makes in roughened surface on the cylinder.

iii. Spanners

This is used in loosening and tightening of nuts and bolts.

They vary in sizes depending on the size of the nut or bolt,

the also have different shapes in order to be able to

loosen nuts in various compartments e.g. The socket

spanner, flat spanners etc.

iv. Hammers

In the workshop we use hammers for various operations

which include:

Centre punching a work piece, straightening of flat metal

sheets, shaping of metal sheet and even bending sheet.

v. Hack Saws

These are used in cutting metal bars, pipes and also steel

metals etc for required lengths. Their frames are made

adjustable to enable them take blade of different lengths.

The blades are made of high speed steel (HSS) and

specific by length and pitch.

vi. Chisels

Chisels are used for cutting metal. They are made from

high-carbon steel, hardened and tempered at the cutting

end. In the workshop, the chisels are mostly used in

shaping thin metal steels by use of hammer on its head.

vii. Dies

Dies are used to cut external threads and are available in

size up to approximately 36mm thread diameter. The

common type, for use by hand, is the circular split die,

made from high-speed steel hardened and tempered.

viii. Tri-Square

The tri-square is a measuring device and also is derive to

made accurate lines before cutting. The tri-square is like

our T-square we use it to draws lines for making lines on

our metal sheet before cutting for accuracy.

ix. Taps

Tapping is the operation of cutting an internal thread by

means of a cutting tool known as a tap. These are made

from hardened high-speed steel and are supplied in set of

three.

x. Screw Drivers

The screw driver is one of the most common tools, and is

also the one most misused. Its main purpose is for only to

tighten or loosen screws.

xi Pipe Wrench

This is used mainly for turning pipes and round bars,

clamping around them.

2.3.3Workshop Machining Tool

Machine tools are a power driven machine for making

articles of a given shape, size and accuracy by removing

metal from work piece in the form of chips.

During my industrials training activities we made used of

some machines at the workshop, they include: the lathe

machine, Guillotine, shaping machine, folding/true fold

machine, Drilling machine, welding machine, Bench vice,

steady rest.

i. The Lathe

This is a multipurpose machine tool used for performing a

great variety of machining operation on a wide range of

work piece. This is why it is called a “universe lathe” it is

one of the most widely used in the workshop in almost

every thing.

The work to be machine is rotated (turned) and cutting

tool is moved relative to the job. That is why; the lathes

are also called as “turning machines”. The tool moves

parallel to the axis of rotation of the work piece, cylindrical

surface is produced, if it works perpendicular to the axis, it

produces a flat surface. But many other operations can

also be performed on lathe, they are: facing, parting,

necking, knurling, taper turning, thread cutting, formed,

reaming and drilling, boring, milling, grinding.

Diagram of

lathe machine

Parts of the lathe

The main parts of a centre lathe are: Bed, Head stock, Tail

stoic, carriage and electric drive.

1. Bed

The bed is base or foundation of the lathe. It is a massive

(heavy) and rigid casting made in one piece to resist

deflection and vibration. It holds or supports all other parts

that is, head stock, tail stock and carriage etc.

2. Head Stock

The head stock assembly is permanently fattened to the

left hand end of the lathe. It serves in support the first

operation unit of the lathe, that is, the spindle. The spindle

revolves in bearing, one at each end of the head stock.

3. Tail Stock

Tail stock is on the other end of the bed from the head

stock. Its chief function is to hold the dead centre so that

long work pieces can be supported between centers. It can

be moved along the bed and clamped to the bed at the

various desired location to suit the length of the work

piece.

4. Carriage

In between the headstock and the tail stock is the

carriage. It is movable on the bed ways and its purpose to

hold the cutting tool and to impact to it’s either

longitudinal or cross feed. It has fire major parts:

(a) Saddle- the base of the carriage is the saddle which slides

along the ways of the lathe bed.

(b) Cross-side

The cross stick is mounted on the saddle.

It provides cutting tool motion which is perpendicular to

the centre line of the lathe itself. The cross-feed

movement may be controlled by manual or by power feed.

(c) Compound Rest (Top slide or compound slide)

It is mounted on top of the cross-slide. The compound rest

has a graduated base and can be swiveled around a

vertical axis. The range of compound rest is only limited

and is used for obtaining angular cuts and short tapers, as

well as convenient positioning of the tool to the work.

(d) Tool Post

The tool post is mounted on the compound rest slide in a

T-shot. Cutting tool/tool holder is firmly held in it.

(e) Apron

The apron of secured underneath the saddle and hangs

over from of the bed. It contains the gears, clutches, and

levers for operating the carriage by hand and common

lathe operation.

Diagram from the text page 44g.

Common lathe operation

Lathe Operations

A large variety of operations can be performed on an

engine lathe which includes:

1. Turning (skinning operation).

Turning is the operation to remove material from the

outside diameter of a work piece to obtain a finished

surfaced. The finished surface may be of continuous

diameter, stepped, tapered or contoured. Feed of the tool

for turning operation is along the axis of the lathe i.e. the

position of the cutting boil is parallel to the work piece

(longitudinal/horizontal operation).

2. Facing

Pricing is the operation of machining the end of a work

piece to make the end square with its own axis and that of

the lathe. The tool moves perpendicular to the axis of the

lathe i.e. the positioning of the cutting is perpendicular to

the work piece (transverse operation).

3. Reaming and Drilling

Drilling is the operation of making hole in a work piece

when non-previously existed. Reaming is the operation of

finishing the drilled hole. These operations are done on

lathe by holding the drills and reamers in the tail stock

quill, and the job is held in a chuck and the tools an fed to

the revolving work piece by the rotating the tailstock

handle.

4. Boring

Boring is the operation of enlarging the drilled hole. The

work piece is held in a chuck in the lathe spindle and

boring bar is mounted in the tool post. Boring is done by

moving the carriage towards the head stack.

5. Knurling

It is the operation of plastically displacing metal into a

particular pattern for the purpose of creating a hand grip

or roughed surface on a work piece. The knurling tool is

held in the tool post and is period against surface of the

work piece by cross feed.

6. Milling

For the milling operation, small milling cutters are held in

the head stock and revolved while the work is clamped in

a vice mounted over the top of the compound rest,

instead of the tool post. Used for only small work.

7. Grinding

Cylindrical and intend grinding can be done on a lathe,

with a tool-post grinder.

8. Taper Turning

It is a turning operation that involves two unequal cross

sectional diameter making use of the compound rest

(compound side).

The formula:

Tan α = D-d

2l

Where:

α = Half tape angle,

D = larger diameter,

d= smaller diameter required

l = length of the taper.

After swiveling the compound rest to this angle about the

vertical axis, it is clamped in position. The paper is turned

by hand wheel by rotating the handle.

This was the method we employed in the workshop during

my course. The method can be employed for turning short

internal and external tapers with a large angle of taper,

the work piece commonly held in a chuck.

9. Parting

A parting tool is deeper and narrower than a turning tool.

It is designed for making narrow groves and for cutting off

parts. The parting tool is held in the tool post while

feeding is done by the spindle on cross slide as the case

may be to the rotating work piece on the chuck..

ii. Shaping machine

We used the shaping machine for shaping internal and

external key ways, contoured surfaces, stools, groves,

other recesses etc. The cutting process in a shaping

machine is intermittent, since cutting is done in one

direction (i.e. its turned stroke). Its return stroke is idle

stroke and is faster than the cutting stroke.

Diagram of shaping machine

iii. The Drilling Machine

The drilling machine is also one of the important machines

used at the workshop. The drilling machine was used to

accomplish the purpose of drilling boring or making of

round hole using drill bit of various diameters which

ranges from 5mm-12mm.It accomplishes this by the rule

of rotary and axial feed motions of the cutting tool or

work, it drills in vertical axis.

I was fortunate to use this machine to perform operations

like drilling, chain drilling, reaming counter-bung and

counter sinking.

Diagram show a

drilling machine.

iv. Grinding Machine

The grinding machine is an electro machine which makes

use of a rotary abrasive tool, called “grinding wheel” for

cutting and for removing and smoothing of excess

material from casting forging and weldments, filling and

sometimes shaping a work piece.

The grinding wheels machine was given a fix support on a

metal steel table; that enables it to withstand vibration of

slacking when on. Its primary function is for finishing on

the work piece.

Diagram of grinding machine

v. Folding / True Fold Machine

These are very heavy industrial machine used for folding

galvanize sheets, mild steels and stainless steel sheets to

various shapes or angles desired. The fold and the true

fold machines shapes are two different machines used

folding metal sheet but in different angles.

The folding machine folds sheets in an angle of 3600;

whereas, the true fold and bends sheet metal at angle 450,

900, 1200.

I was opportune to use the folding device to fold metals

into cylindrical shape of different diameter, folding into

cuboids shape of varying dimensions.

vi. Guillotine/Cutting Machine

The guillotine machine is a cutting machine that uses a

straight blade and is mainly used for cutting or shearing

metal sheets whose thickness must not exceed 2mm. The

guillotine is a foot operation machine, which requires

enough force to pull its pedal down wards in other for it to

give a good cut; how ever the work piece is fully

supported with a clamp before cutting.

vii. The Welding Machine

The welding machine is an electrical machine with a

primary and secondary winding and has a very high

wattage; it also has plate for the adjustment of current

range. In the department where I operation, we did

welding operation mainly on electric are welding in which

an electrode is brought in contact with the work at the

point when the welding is to be stated, after connecting

the work to the welding circuit.

We used the welding machine in tacking (temporary

welding) and welding (permanent joining process) During

this period of my training we were taught that, that

welded structures are assemble by five basic types of

joint, bult, lap, corner, T and Edge Joints as shown.

viii. Bench Vice

The bench vice was used in holding work piece of various

sizes and shapes, is usually fixed in a metal steel table or

bench.

More also, we have a machine vice which is usually found

in our shaping machine and also a hand vice which was

movable and was used in holding work piece considered

to be too small.

ix. Steady Rest

The steady rest is a vice which holds very long work piece.

When ever a very big work piece (L/D>10 or 12) or longer

slender work piece of low rigidity are machine between

centers, steady rest are used to additionally support the

work piece and prevent if from bending due to pressure

of cut. Their two types of steady rest are: fixed steady rest

follower or travelling steady spent.

The followers travelling steady rest: This steady is

mounted on the saddle and moves together with the tool.

CHAPTER THREE

PROBLEMS AND RELEVANCE OF THE SEWES

PROGRAMME

3.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SEWES

PROGRAMME

The industrial training was quite interesting and vigorous

irrespective of the knowledge gained within the duration.

In the workshop, I encountered several setbacks/problem

and some challenges, with out the training would have

been incomplete. They include:

i. Accuracy in measurement of work piece

The ability to measure a work piece accurately before,

while machining and after machining was not an easy

task, during my first few week in the workshop. But soon

after, I was able to take accurate measurement.

ii. Setting of work piece on a machine tool

Though look simple but not as easy as it was seen. That

was another area of difficult; like in the case of holding the

centre of a work piece by using and tool maker’s buttons,

which I was able to do after my first few weeks.

iii. Operation of machine tool

The operation of some of machine like the lathe, grinding,

drilling machine required some techniques operate

properly ,also posed me some problem when I initially

started my training but due to frequent instruction and

carefully observation from my instructor I was able

operate most of the machines effectively.

iv. Restriction to the use working tool

Tools in the Science and Engineering Workshop were

owned by individuals. There were no working tools

available at our disposal. We only touch and use tool if our

instructor was present and also permit it.

v. Inadequate/out dated (Epileptic) machine tool

In the work shop we had no enough machine tool and the

machine tools available are so old and thus are not

effective in doing works.

vi. Personal protective Equipments

With regards the nature of the operations in the workshop

and it’s equipment, it is vital for the staff/ and industrial

trainees to be equipped with their personal protective

equipments such as safety boot, ear muffs, nose makes

eye goggles, hand gloves, cover-all etc for proper handling

of works, which was not provided for staffs or industrial

trainees in the work shop, hence led to some accidents. In

fact safety measures were never part of the workshop.

vii. Erratic power supply

In the workshop, we also experience incessant power out

break which slowed the completion time of most works

undertaken.

Viii. Poor management

The management was not concerned about the welfare of

the students under its supervision. A day a friend had a

cut by a work piece, which was on a drilling process; there

were no thing in the firs aid box of the workshop to stop

the bleeding.

Also in the part of spoilt or damaged equipment or

machine or machinery was abandoned. It would require

sometime before the machine would be fixed, this was

due to the power financial situation we had the work shop.

ix. No provision of allowance

It looks minor but posed so many distresses to me, as we

were not given any stipend to enable us transport to the

workshop, or make lunch for our selves during the day’s

activity.

3.2 RELEVANCE OF SIWES PROGRAMME

Honestly I would say that the industrial training

programme (SIWES) has exposed me to some aspect of

Mcchanical Engineering.

During my six months training, I served in the

machining/welding de department, where knowledge

acquired in courses like mechanical engineering material

was displayed in practical.The programme has provided

students an opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in

real work situations, thereby bridging the gab between

academic work and the practical work experience

demanded for the graduate engineer.

This programme provided the student opportunity of

acquiring industrial skills and experience/ practical

knowledge in /her area of specialization.

It avails the student the opportunity of acquiring

knowledge on the recent technology and innovations in

the industry. This programme helped develop a more

conscious attitude in the student.

Most of all, the scheme has exposed me as a student to

the challenges faced in industry, in the area of policy

implementation and development of their technological

know how. It made me realize the expectations of the

industry from the engineer and the responsibilities that

would be on the students as a future engineer, in a

country like ours.

Other contributions of SIWES are follows:

Exposure to a practical aspect of study

Some abilities are harnessed and develop like creating,

punctuality and initial and responsibility.

Prepare students for the work situation they are likely

to meet after graduation.

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION AND ADVICE

4.1 CONCLUSION

Due to importance and delicate nature of

machining/welding process, so vital to the mechanical

engineers, therefore mechanical engineers should liaise in

knowledge of the principles and techniques involved in

machining/welding process to make proper and effective

work; to avoid disaster and loss of life and properties.

Having an industrial training component in a degreed

programme can add enhance the employability skills of

graduate.

In order to ensure that industrial training become a

natural part of university training efforts must be

collaboratively and not individually undertaking by

institution , industry and government so that issues and

challenges students face can be addressed.

SIWES should help out in securing placement for students,

which will help tremendously, as this is a major problem

student’s face.

Finally, I advice younger collogues to put knowledge and

experience above money and all that will not make them

device the gain of the SIWES programme.

4.2 ADVICE FOR FUTURE PARTICIPANT

Intending indust.rial trainees should try to attend

institution SIWES orientation Programme before going on

attachment.

To be obedient to constituted authorities and adhere

strictly to all rules and regulations of the organization

where the students is attached. Intending industrial

training should always ensure they get their forms ready

on time from the SIWES Unit and make duplicates of the

application forms in order to apply to companies, firms

etc. with in their field of study.

Students on training should make sure they engage

fully and carry

out all duties and assignment given to them. This will in

turn give good recommendation in case of future

employment.

It pays to work hard; therefore students should be

serious and take proper records of training activities, and

other assignment in the log book.

Also students should be punctual, diligent, honest,

conscientious take pride in protection of employers

property throughout

It is important that future industrial training participants are

properly equipped with that is involved in the training. The

following advice will prove excellent for future participants.

4.3 ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGERS

SIWES managers should endeavour that students’ IT

allowance is paid during the course of the training to

enable them support themselves financially.

SIWES managers should assist students in identifying

placement opportunities.

SIWES managers should be lass harsh on students and

always be ready to accommodate their problems, as well

as prepare orientation to students.

REFERENCES

P.O. Shama (2000): Production Technology (Manufacturing

Process) Seventh Edition.

Prof. U.J. Okoli (2010): Manufacturing Technology and

Workshop Practice Manual.