pills final conference · pills final conference 19th / 20th september 2012 conclusions of the...

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen Umwelt

PILLS Final Conference19th / 20th September 2012

Conclusions of the PILLS project

Dr. Nafo Folie 1

Conclusions of the PILLS projectDr. Issa Nafo, Emschergenossenschaft

Dr. Alex Cornelissen, CRTE Henri Tudor

(on behalf of the PILLS partners)


Aspects of the topics of PILLS

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0,5

0,75

1

Risks for the environment

Risks of spreading antibiotic resistant

bacteria

Environmental impacts waste

Operation experiences and

Local aspects

Dr. Nafo Folie 2

0 impacts waste water treatment

Efficiency of the waste water

treatment process

Energy consumption of the

waste water treatment process

Costs of waste water treatment

process

experiences and responsibilities


Clarithromycin

Sulfamethoxazole

Erythromycin

Diatrizoate

Iopamidol

Iopromide

Cyclophosphamide

Ifosfamide

Hospital is a hot spot for pharmaceutical emission

Hospital contribution to pharmaceutical loads in investigated catchment areas (%)

Dr. Nafo Folie 3

Diclofenac

Naproxen

Carbamazepine

Atenolol

Bezafibrate

Lidocaine

Amoxicillin

Ciprofloxacin

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160%

6.1 to 14.1 beds per 1,000 inhabitants

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltRaw hospital waste water has a higher ecotoxicity potential compared to municipal waste water

Endpoints Raw municipal

waste water

Effluent of municipal

waste water treatment

plant

Raw hospital

waste water

Viability of cells

Estrogen effects (EE2 equivalent) 19.7 ng/L 43 ng/L

Mutagenic effects

Antibiotic effects

Dr. Nafo Folie 4

Antibiotic effects

Inhibition of bacteria

luminescence (concentration factor

EC50)

0.72 – 1.26 fold 33.85 fold 0.26 – 0.84 fold

Inhibition of algae photosynthesis

(concentration factor EC50) 12.07 fold 1.97 fold

Inhibition of algae growth rate 34 % 64-88 %

Mortality of scuds 100% 100% > 50%

no negative effects weak or moderate effects strong negative effects

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltRaw hospital is a hot spot for antibiotic resistant bacteria

Dr. Nafo Folie 5

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in the investigated hospital waste water and municipal waste water

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltRisk of spreading pathogens and antibioticresistant bacteria into receiving waters?

Municipal waste

water treatment plant

Household

Production

Dr. Nafo Folie 6

Hospital

River

Combined sewer

overflow


Local aspects are important to decide on any treatment implemented

Dr. Nafo Folie 7

-CHEM Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg -RVH Belfast, Northern Ireland


Good effluent quality of MBR (COD, N, P)Efficient removal of some compoundsHalf of the analyzed compounds removed to < 50%

Clarithromycin

Sulfamethaxozole

Erythromycin

Diatrizoate

Iopamidol

Iopromide

Cyclosphosphamide

Ifosfamide

Dr. Nafo Folie 8

Diclofenac

Naproxen

Carbamazepine

Atenolol

Bezafibrate

Lidocaine

Ciprofloxacin

Clarithromycin

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Removal efficiency in MBR in %


Efficient removal of resistantIntegrons by MBR

GAC

Dr. Nafo Folie 9


Naproxen

Carbamazepine

Atenolol

Bezafibrate

Lidocaine

Ciprofloxacin

Clarithromycin

Sulfamethaxozole

Erythromycin

Diatrizoate

Iopamidol

Iopromide

Cyclosphosphamide

Ifosfamide

0.45 - 1.28 g Ozone/g DOC

Removal efficiencies of ozone and activated carbon are mostly similar

Dr. Nafo Folie 10

Diclofenac

Naproxen

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Diclofenac

Naproxen

Carbamazepine

Bezafibrate

Atenolol

Lidocaine

Ciprofloxacin

Clarithromycin

Sulfamethaxozole

Erythromycin

Diatrizoate

Iopamidol

Iopromide

Cyclosphosphamide

Ifosfamide

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Removal efficiency in %

fresh GAC or 20 - 23 mg PAC/ Litre


Evidence of increased toxicity after ozonation,more research needed on this topic

Bioassays Endpoints Effluent of

MBR

MBR + O3 MBR + O3

+ SF

MBR +

PAC/SF

A-YES test (AQUA 1.0)Estrogenicity (EE2

equivalent)0.235 ng/L 0.261 ng/L 0.176 ng/L 0.079 ng/L

Ames test (Salmonella

thyphimurium, strain YG7108)

Mutagenicity (No. of histidine

revertants)↑ ↘

Dr. Nafo Folie 11

Bacteria test (Vibrio fischeri)Inhibition of luminescence

(concentration factor EC50)↓ ↓ ↘ ↓

Algae growth test (72hr)

growth rate inhibition,

average for dilutions 80%

and 50% wastewater

↓ ↗

no negative effects weak or moderate effects strong negative effects


Life Cycle Assessment methodologies have beenmuch improved

-Impact of pharmaceuticals is negligible using current data

-Ozone and activated carbon better than UV (1,2,3)

-Upgraded WWTPs better

-0,01

0

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

O3min AC O3min-AC

EF

I (m

PE

)

0,03

0,04

EF

I (m

PE

)

0

0,04

0,08

0,12

0,16

CC UC CC-UC

EF

I (m

PE

)

0,1

0,15

EF

I (m

PE

)

1 4

Comparison of Eco-Efficiency Indicators (EFI)

Dr. Nafo Folie 12

-Upgraded WWTPs better than conventional WWTPs (4)

-Upgraded WWTPs better than treatment at hospital (5)

-But treatment at hospital versus WWTP inconclusive (6)

0

0,01

0,02

O3max AC O3max-AC

EF

I (m

PE

)

-0,01

0

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

O3max UVmin O3max-UVmin

EF

I (m

PE

)

-0,05

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

CC C+Dmin CC-(C+Dmin)

EF

I (m

PE

)

-0,1

-0,05

0

0,05

UC C+Dmin UC-(C+Dmin)

EF

I (m

PE

)

2

3 6

5

Arzneirückstände in der aquatischen UmweltDifferent requirement for a hospital plant: Odourand noise protection incur high energy consumption and large costs

Dr. Nafo Folie 13

Exhaust air

treatment

Exhaust air

collection

system


Energy consumption can vary significantly

AC

UV

Air treatment **

Dr. Nafo Folie 14

* Including all components except the advanced treatment processes and air treatment** max value: exhaust air treatment by Photoionisation incl. air collection system and heating

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

MBR*

O3

Kwh/m³


Costs are dominated by components which arenecessary for the biological treatment

Variable costs

MBR*

+GAC

+O3

+UV/H2O2

Dr. Nafo Folie 15

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

Investment costs

€/m³

* Including all components except the advanced treatment processes


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0,5

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1

Risks for the environment

Risks of spreading antibiotic resistant

bacteria

Environmental impacts waste

Operation experiences and

Local aspects

Aspects of the topics of PILLS

Dr. Nafo Folie 16

0 impacts waste water treatment

Efficiency of the waste water

treatment process

Energy consumption of the

waste water treatment process

Costs of waste water treatment

process

experiences and responsibilities


Reducing load of pharmaceuticals

Spreading of antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Improvement pharmaceutical removal

Investigation necessity

Improving footprint of treatment plant

Future Work and Research Needs

Dr. Nafo Folie 17

pharmaceutical removal technologies

Reducing energy consumption

Eliminating uncertainties in LCA

Reducing costs

Investigation necessity of air treatment


Thank to all the supporters of the PILLS project

www.pills-project.eu

Dr. Jochen Stemplewski and Dr. Emanuel Grün, Kirsten Adamczak, Can Aksüt, Klaus Baumers, Eva Böhling, Carsten Bräuer, Bernhard Hehn, Dirk Hellmich, Eberhard

Holtmeier, Till Möller, Issa Nafo, Ekkehard Pfeiffer, Ulrike Raasch, Prof. Burkhard Teichgräber, Michael Walkstein, Ingo Werner, Daniel Wischniewski, Peter Weingarten and

Frank Netz (Marienhospital Gelsenkirchen) Herr Lange, Regina Di Febo, Julianne Joseph (Municipality of Gelsenkirchen, Referat Umwelt), Jörg Alda, Dietmar Loch, Andreas

Schiffers (Tutthas & Meyer Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH), Christian Högel, Susanne Zander-Hauck, Harald Jakobs, Hans-Dietrich Eschke, Joanna Will (joint laboratory of

Ruhrverband, Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband), Monika Hammers-Wirtz (gaiac at the RWTH Aachen University), Axel Magdeburg (BiK Frankfurt), Jochen Türk (IUTA

Duisburg), Prof. Elke Dopp, Jessica Richard (IWW Mülheim), Herman Evenblij, Hans Huijsman, Dirk Kievit, Jan Luijten, Warry Meuleman, Arjan de Mink, Mirabella Mulder

(Mirabella Mulder Waste Water Management), Karl Borger (Vitens), Martijn Tas (Vitens), Jacques van Paassen (Vitens), Evert-Jan van den Brandhof (RIVM), Wilko Verweij

(RIVM), Marja Woutersen (RIVM), Erik Steenbergen (RIVM), Nico Wortel (Pharmafilter) and the Isala Clinics, Waterboard Groot Salland, Innovatieprogramma KRW, Province

Dr. Nafo Folie 18

Overijssel, the Municipality Zwolle, Vitens, STOWA., Alain Arend, Martina Arenz, Emmanuel Becker, Enrico Benetto, Alex Cornelissen, Melanie Guiton, Elorri Igos, Collins Jury,

Kai Klepiszewski, Guy Kneip, Christian Köhler, Oliver O’Nagy, Paul Schosseler, Silvia Venditti, Ministry of higher Education and Research, Daniel Cardao, Henri Hinterscheid,

Marcel Klesen, André Weidenhaupt, Jean-Paul Lickes, Luc Zwank, Prof. Johannes Pinnekamp, Silvio Beier, Christopher Keysers, David Montag

Silvio Canonica, Andreas Eggmann (Hospital Baden), Jack Eugster, Cornelia Kienle (Ecotox Center, Eawag/EPFL), Lubomira Kovalova, Judit Lienert, Christa S. McArdell,

Ruedi Moser (Hunziker Betatech AG), Michael Schärer (FOEN), Hansruedi Siegrist, Michael Thomann (Holinger AG, Liestal), Urs von Gunten, Heinz Wernli (Hospital Baden),

Federal Office for the Environment, Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER)/COST Cantons AG, BE, BL, GE, SG, SH, SO, SZ, TG, VD, ZH; Prof. A. Reller,

University of Augsburg, Kantonsspital Baden, Federal Office for Spatial Development (ARE), Colin Dalglish, Karin Helwig, Colin Andrew Hunter, JiaQian Jiang, John

MacLachlan, Moyra McNaughtan, Ole Pahl, Joanne Roberts, Dainis Sudmalis, Zhengwei Zhou, Bill Dickie, Bill Glass, Philip Grieve, Hugh Hamill, Victoria Hepworth, Jed Mather,

Kevin Milne, Jenny Webb, Mark Heggie, Andrew Rawlins, Ian Ridgway, Ashley Roberts, Scottish Water, Ken Allinson, Brian Ellor, Mark Haffey, Archie Johnston, Harry Keddie,

Willie Lindsay, George O’Sullivan, Stuart Pheasant, Adam Zyndul, Olivier Barraud, Magali Casellas, Christophe Dagot, Corinne Maftah, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Thibault Stalder,

Dupuytren Hospital, the city of Limoges, Joint Technical Secretariat of the NWE Interreg programme: Daniel von Hugo, Isabelle Lecroart , Scientific Board members: Florian

Keil, Thomas Schwartz (KIT Karlsruhe), Thomas Steger-Hartmann (Bayer Health Care) and Pim de Voogt (IBED University of Amsterdam).

… and you for your attention!

pills final conference · pills final conference 19th / 20th september 2012 conclusions of the...

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