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Pichvnari, Ajarian AR, Georgia 2001

Michael Vickers and Amiran Kakhidze

(fromAnatolian Archaeology 7 [2001] 13-14)

he fo!r"h season of "he #oin" $ri"ish-%eor&ian 'ichnari *+edi"ion, or&anised on "he%eor&ian side from "he $a"!mi Archaeolo&ical M!se!m and "he $a"!mi esearch .ns"i"!"e,

and on "he $ri"ish from "he Ashmolean M!se!m, /*ford "ook +lace d!rin& "he mon"h ofA!&!s" 2001 $rief re+or"s on "he "hree +reio!s seasons ork a++eared in Anatolian

Archaeology 1, 15 (and cf "he informal acco!n" in The Ashmolean 36 [1] 3-5),Anatolian Archaeology1, 11-12, andAnatolian Archaeology2000, 13-14 A lon&er ar"icleon "he 1 season has a++eared inAnatolian Studies2001, and A Kakhidze, M Vickers and. .ashili, 8iler coins of $lack 8ea coas"al ci"ies from "he fif"h cen"!r9 $: necro+olis a"'ichnari;,Numismatic Chronicle2000 is in +ress 'ichnari (hich means 'ine rees; in%eor&ian officers o!ld ini"e !s "o im+rom+"! +icnics $!" "he9lef" as s!ddenl9 as "he9 came, af"er onl9 a fe da9s

'ichnari as a ma#or se""lemen" from "he $ronze A&e, =!" =ecame more o=io!sl9eal"h9 d!rin& "he +eriod of %reek coloniza"ion, "o hich i" as a la"e-comer An area

=e"een "he :holoki and "he sea as !sed for =!rials =9 "he na"ie :olchian +o+!la"ion andimmi&ran" %reeks> a" firs" Cr %ia aamaishili as Ce+!"9 Cirec"or, and o"her %eor&ian +ar"ici+an"sincl!ded Cr .rakli .ashili> (n!misma"is"), Cr .rakli :haleishili, Cr Manana /disheli, Cr

Fineli Vashakidze, Fino Czneladze (archaeolo&is"s), Anzor Gaelidze (archi"ec" and s!re9or),Vladimir As"akho (+ho"o&ra+her) and easi Mikeladze (dra!&h"sman) he folloin&s"!den"s +ar"ici+a"ed Hasha Arslanishili and Far&izi 8!rmanidze ($a"!mi Dniersi"9), Ana

eisin&er (8omerille :olle&e, /*ford), dard !&man (rini"9 :olle&e, /*ford), Fa"aliaMakharadze and Hika 8ekhniashili (=ilisi Dniersi"9), Games Iilkes (Fe :olle&e, /*ford),

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Kenne"h Mor&an (8" ?!&hss :olle&e, /*ford), heoen %ilmo!r (:lare :olle&e,:am=rid&e), Marie Anne $r! (Dniersi"9 of %hen"), and J!ra= Varshanidze ('ol9"echnical.ns"i"!"e, $a"!mi) Fa#i Mam!ladze and 8andro 8ekhniashili +roided inal!a=le hel+%!liko siskaradze

once more e*celled herself in "he ki"chen and +roided an e*em+lar9%eor&ian "a=le, and %!ram 8anidze, o!r drier and mechanic, ens!red "ha" o!r larder andcellar ere ala9s f!ll he 2001 season as s!++or"ed financiall9 =9 "he $ri"ish .ns"i"!"e ofArchaeolo&9 a" Ankara, "he /*ford :raen :ommi""ee, "he $ri"ish Academ9, "he Mar#or9

Iardro+ @!nd, and "he Ce+ar"men" of An"iE!i"ies a" "he Ashmolean> a s!=en"ion as alsoreceied from "he $a"!mi Archaeolo&ical M!se!m Visi"ors incl!ded 'rofessor and Mrs Gohn:aldell (of Ges!s :olle&e, /*ford), 'rofessor and Mrs ?ors" 8!nd (Kons"anz Dniersi"9),Mr Gohn Fi++ers (of $aril %eor&ia), 8ho"a Mam!ladze (of "he %onio *+edi"ion), Cr Ca"oHomi"ashili, Cr Fick Armo!r and .an :olin (of "he =ilisi Ganashia M!se!m-:am=rid&eDniersi"9 Fokalakei *+edi"ion), and Cr Medea Fioradze (Cmanisi *+edi"ion) Ie erein"erieed for A#arian "eleision, %eor&ian radio and "he Ciscoer9 :hannel 8"!den"s ere"aken on e*c!rsions "o Keda, Vani, Fokalakei and Vardzia

.n 2001, fie +rinci+al areas ere ines"i&a"ed +ar" of "he :olchian ceme"er9 onFa+!rala hill as e*amined ("o "he es" of an area e looked a" in 1)> a "rench in "he

earlier classical %reek ceme"er9 "ha" as o+ened !+ in 2000 as e*"ended "o "he so!"h> "henor"hern end of a "rench in "he middle of "he ?ellenis"ic ceme"er9 also =e&!n in 2000 ascom+le"ed> so!ndin&s made "o "he es" indica"ed "ha" "he ?ellenis"ic ceme"er9 s"re"ched oera m!ch ider area "han hi"her"o e*+ec"ed> and "he "rench =e&!n in "he se""lemen" in 1, andcon"in!ed in 2000, as dee+ened "o $ronze A&e leels !n"il "he hea9 rains hichoccasionall9 =ese" !s +!" a s"o+ "o o!r ac"ii"ies in "his area

30 =!rials ere ines"i&a"ed in "he :olchian ceme"er9 he9 la9 a me"re or so =elo"he no red!ndan" "ea =!shes hich no coer m!ch of "he si"e of 'ichnari he9 ere d!&in"o hard-+acked =!" fria=le sand9 ear"h> no or&anic remains s!ried A "9+ical =!rial mi&h"con"ain a :olchian #!& near "he head, a :olchian siler coin (:harons o=ol;, =!" in fac" a

"rio=ol) in "he mo!"h, siler, =ronze or iron =racele"s a" "he ris"s, and earrin&s and &lass oram=er =eads in omens =!rials /f +ar"ic!lar in"eres" "his 9ear ere a +air of &old +enann!larearrin&s, one i"h s"9lised lion-head finials, "he o"her i"h snakes heads (cf se"skhladze, opcit#, fi&s 532, 54-6) he finds of im+or"ed A""ic +o""er9 ere es+eciall9 rich he9 incl!ded ared-fi&!re 8" Valen"in :lass kantharos, a =lack-&loss heneia c!+ =earin& "he &raffi"oPhoin[$,a =lack-&loss =olsal inscri=ed%yrn[$, and a :as"!lo c!+ Amon& "he :olchian +o""er9, a #!&i"h "hree circ!lar deices in relief on "he sho!lder as no"a=le .n one of "he &raes, a silerdrachm of 8ino+e of c40-425 $: (o&v head of ea&le dol+hin =elo> rev inc!se sE!are)as !sed in lie! of "he more common kolkhidki(cf "he s+ecimen fo!nd in $!rial 70 in 167)

.n 1, a "rench * 16 me"res had =een =e&!n in "he area of "he se""lemen" i"self?ellenis"ic leels ere reached =efore ork as s!s+ended on acco!n" of "he ea"her Iork

in 2000 and 2001 as similarl9 c!r"ailed (hen i" rains in A#aria d!rin& "he s!mmer, i" can =e"orren"ial) en so, ?ellenis"ic, classical, arl9 .ron A&e, Ha"e and Middle $ronze A&ehorizons ere no"ed he ho!se fo!nda"ions; firs" !ncoered in 2000 "!rned o!" "o =e aooden fence of "he arl9 .ron A&e

'os"-e*caa"ion research has incl!ded "he +re+ara"ion for +!=lica"ion of "he res!l"s of"he "hird season 'rofessor Kakhidze and Cr aamaishili isi"ed /*ford for "o eeks inMarch 2001 !nder "he $ri"ish Academ9-%eor&ian Academ9 of 8ciences *chan&e 8cheme,and i"h "he aid of a &ran" from "he $.AA Cr .rakli .ashili s+en" a mon"h a" "he ?e=erden:oin oom a" "he Ashmolean M!se!m, also i"h "he s!++or" of "he $ri"ish Academ9, orkin&on "he coina&e of "he $lack 8ea in &eneral, and "he coins fo!nd a" 'ichnari in +ar"ic!lar