phywe-tess-phy-lex-advoptik-en
DESCRIPTION
ADVANCED OPTICS AND LASER PHYSICSTRANSCRIPT
ADVANCED OPTICSAND LASER PHYSICS
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About Phywe
Founded in Göttingen, Germany in 1913 by Dr. Gotthelf Leimbach, Phywe Systeme GmbH & Co. KG quickly advanced
to one of the leading manufacturers of scientific equipment.
Over this period of more than 90 years Phywe has been putting quality and innovation into its products as a
fundamental requirement.
As a well known international supplier in the fields of science and engineering we have made a significant impact on
the market through high quality equipment.
Phywe products are made in Germany and in use throughout the world in the fields of education und research, from
primary schools right through to university level.
Up-to-date educational systems, planning and commissioning of scientific and engineering laboratories to meet
specific requirements are our daily business.
As a supplier of complete, fully developed and established systems, Phywe provides teaching and learning systems
for students as well as teacher demonstration experiments. The system ranges from simple, easy to operate
equipment intended for student use up to coverage of highly sophisticated and specialised university equipment
demands.
Phywe Systeme GmbH & Co. KG has achieved a very high standard based on research and technology and through
exchange of experiences with universities and high schools as well as with professors and teachers.
As experienced and competent manufacturer, we would gladly assist you in the
selection of the "right" experiments for your particular curricula.
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Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Page
Laser Physics
Helium-Neon-laser (P2260700) 6
CO2-laser (P2260400) 7
Nd-YAG-laser (P2260900) 8
Advanced Optics
Diffraction of light through a double slit or by a grid (P1216800) 9
Diffraction of lightthrough a slit and stripes, Babinet’s theorem (P1216900) 10
Michelson interferometer (P1217100) 11
Newton’s rings (P1217200) 12
Polarisation through �/4 plates (P1217400) 13
Kerr effect (P1217600) 14
Faraday effect (P1217700) 15
Determination of the index of refractionof CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer (P1218000) 16
Michelson interferometer – High Resolution (P1306700) 17
Doppler effect with the Michelson interferometer (P1307000) 18
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometer (P1307100) 19
Determination of the refraction indexof air with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (P1307500) 20
Fabry-Perot interferometer – Determination of the laser light’s wavelength (P1307700) 21
Fabry-Perot interferometer – optical resonator modes (P1307800) 22
Fourier optics – optical filtration – 4f Arrangement (P2261200) 23
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry (P1308000) 24
White light hologram with expansion system (P1290200) 25
Transmission hologram with expansion system (P1290400) 26
Transfer hologram from a master hologram (P1290500) 27
Real time procedure I (bending of a plate) (P1290900) 28
Student System “Advanced Optics” and Laser Physics 29
Equipment Holders 30
Optical Components 31
Further equipment and components 32
Lasers and Accessories 34
Index 35
How to order 36
Order form 37
ContentsThe Experimental Conceptin a short overview:
The customersThe Phywe Educational System for “AdvancedOptics and Laser Physics” is intended for physicslaboratory courses at universities, colleges andsimilar institutions and also for advancedcourses in highschools.
The specific fieldsThe experimental system allows many importantexperiments in:
1. Geometrical optics
2. Wave optics
3. Holography
4. Interferometry
5. Fourier optics
6. Applied optics
7. Laser Physics
The equipment systemTo investigate these experimental topics weoffer a large didactical equipment set with:
1. high-quality light sources (different types of lasers)
2. easy and stable placeable magnetic opticalequipment
Furthermore three didactic Laser Systems areavailable to investigate the fundamentalworking principles and characteristics of lasers
The experimental literatureWe support your experimentation with 3 hand-books containing 45 accurately described experi-ments incl. theoretical backround information,drawings, safety and maintenance remarks.
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4 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Experimental Literature
Laser Physics I – Experiments with coherent light 01179.02
Please ask for a complete equipmentlist Ref. No. 227021 Diffraction of lightLP 1.1 (12166)Diffraction of light through a slit and atan edge.LP 1.2 (12167)Diffraction through a slit andHeisenberg’s uncertainty principle.LP 1.3* (12168)Diffraction of light through a double slitor by a grid. LP 1.4* (12169)Diffraction of light through a slit andstripes, Babinet’s theorem
2 Interference of lightLP 2.1 (12170)Fresnel mirror and biprismLP 2.2* (12171)Michelson interferometerLP 2.3* (12172)Newton’s rings
3 Polarisation of lightLP 3.1 (12173)Fresnel’s law, theory of reflectionLP 3.2* (12174)Polarisation through λ/4 platesLP 3.3 (12175)Half shadow polarimeter, rotation of pola-risation through an optically active mediumLP 3.4* (12176)Kerr effectLP 3.5* (12177)Faraday effect
4 Refraction of lightLP 4.1 (12178)Index of refraction n of a flint glassprismLP 4.2 (12179)Determination of the index of refractionof air with Michelson’s interferometerLP 4.3* (12180)Determination of the index of refractionof CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer
5 Law of radiationLP 5.1 (12181)Lambert’s law of radiation
Laser Physics IIHolography 01400.02
Please ask for a complete equipmentlist Ref. No. 22703LH 1 (12900)Fresnel zone plate
LH 2 (12901)White light hologram
LH 3* (12902)White light hologram with expansion system
LH 4 (12903)Transmission hologram
LH 5* (12904)Transmission hologram with expansion system
LH 6* (12905)Transfer hologram from a master hologram.
LH 7 (12906)Double exposure procedure
LH 8 (12907)Time-averaging procedure I (with tuning fork).
LH 9 (12908)Time-averaging procedure II (with loudspeaker).
LH 10* (12909)Real time procedure I (bending of a plate).
LH 11 (12910)Real time procedure II (oscillating plate).
Laser Physics IIIInterferometry 01401.02
Please ask for a complete equipmentlist Ref. No. 22704LI 1 (13066)Michelson interferometerLI 2* (13067)Michelson interferometer – high resolutionLI 3 (13068)Mach - Zehnder interferometerLI 4 (13069)Sagnac interferometerLI 5* (13070)Doppler-Effect with Michelson interferom.LI 6* (13071)Magnetostriction with Michelson interferometerLI 7 (13072)Thermal expansion of solids with Michelson interferometerLI 8 (13073)Refraction index of CO2-gas withMichelson interferometerLI 9 (13074)Refraction index of air with Michelson interferometerLI 10* (13075)Refraction index of air with Mach-Zehnder interferometerLI 11 (13076)Refraction index of of CO2-gas withMach-Zehnder interferometerLI 12* (13077)Fabry - Perot interferometer – determi-nation of the wavelength of laserlightLI 13* (13078)Fabry - Perot interferometer – optical resonator modesLI 14 (22611)Fourier optics –2 f arrangementLI 15* (22612)Fourier optics – 4 f arrangement, filteringand reconstructionLI 16 (13079)Optical determination of the velocity ofultrasound in liquids – phasemodulationof laserlight by ultrasonic wavesLI 17* (13080)LDA – Laser Doppler AnemometryLI 18 (13081)Twyman-Green interferometer
Laboratory ExperimentsPhysics 16502.12
230 experiments in the field of:
1. Mechanics64 experiments
2. Optics34 experiments
incl. the three didactical laser
experiments with:
1. He-Ne laser*2. Nd-YAG laser*3. CO2 laser*
3. Thermodynamics21 experiments
4. Electricity45 experiments
5. Physical Stucture of Matter66 experiments
incl. 20 experiments for the
Phywe X-Ray Unit
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS
PHYSICS
1650
2.12
Laboratory Experiments
Klaus Hermbecker
Ludolf von Alvensleben
Regina Butt
Andreas Grünemaier
Robin Sandvoß
This volume which has been developed by Phywe presents an assortment of 23 experiments in “Advanced Optics and Laser Physics”. In this brochure these experiments are shown in a short form.
The three Laser Physics manuals below-mentioned include extensive descriptions of 45 experiments. In addition, they provide safetyinformation concerning the use of lasers as well as information on handling and maintaining optical components.
In our Laboratory Experiments Physics manual you can find experiments related to our three didactic laser systems and a wide rangeof other highly interesting experiments on other subjects.
*These experimentsare shown
in a short form inthis brochure
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5PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Equipment List guarantee time-savingand easy conducting of the experiment.
Set-up and procedure with a lot ofinformation for an easy, quick andcomfortable experimental set-up.
All experiments are uniformly built-up and contain references such asRelated terms, Principle and Objectiveto introduce the subject.
Experimental literatureHandbook Laserphysics 1“Experiments with Coherent Light” 01179.02
Handbook Laserphysics 2“Holography” 01400.02
Handbook Laserphysics 3“Interferometry, Fourier-Optics, etc.” 01401.02
The experiments in the PHYWE Publication Series “Advanced Optics and Laser Physics” are intended for
physics laboratory courses at universities, colleges and similar institutions and also for advanced courses in
high schools.
Drawing for an easy, quick andsafe experimental set-up.
Theoretical backround information and remarks onsafety and maintenance oflaser, equipment and opticalcomponents.
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6 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LEP
P2260700 Helium-Neon-laser
Principle:The difference between spontaneousand stimulated emission of light isdemonstrated. The beam propagationwithin the resonator cavity of a He-Ne-laser and its divergence aredetermined, its stability criterion ischecked and the relative outputpower of the laser is measured as afunction of the tube’s position insidethe resonator and of the tube current.
The following items can be realizedwith advanced set 08656.02.By means of a birefringent tuner anda Littrow prism different wave-lengths can be selected and quanti-tatively determined if a monochro-mator is available.
Finally you can demonstrate the ex-istence of longitudinal modes andthe gain profile of the He-Ne-laserprovided an analysing Fabry Perotsystem is at your disposal.
Tasks:1. Set up the He-Ne-laser. Adjust the
resonator mirrors by use of the pilotlaser. (left mirror: VIS, HR, plane;right mirror: VIS, HR, R = 700 mm)
2. Check on the stability condition ofa hemispherical resonator.
Relative output power as a function of mirror spacing.
3. Measure the integral relative out-put power as a function of thelaser tube’s position within thehemispherical resonator.
4. Measure the beam diameter with-in the hemispherical resonatorright and left of the laser tube.
5. Determine the divergence of thelaser beam.
6. Measure the integral relative out-put power as a function of thetube current.
The He-Ne-laser can be tuned usinga BFT or a LTP. Longitudinal modescan be observed by use of a FabryPerot Etalon of low finesse. Remark:These points can only be coveredquantitatively if a monochromatorand an analysing Fabry Perot systemare available.
Experiment set He-Ne-laser, basic set 08656.01 1
Optical bench on carrier rail 08599.01 1
Diaphragm for adjustment of laser 08608.00 2
Photoelement, silicon 08734.00 1
Digital multimeter 07134.00 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
Danger sign -LASER- 06542.00 1
Barrel base –PASS- 02006.55 1
Vernier caliper 03010.00 1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1
Protective glasses for the He-Ne-laser 08581.10 1
Cleaning set for laser 08582.00 1
Option:
Experiment set He-Ne-laser, advanced set 08656.02 1
consisting of:
• Birefringent tuner (Lyot Plate, BFT) with holder and rider (08656.10) •Littrow prism with x/y-holder and rider (08656.20) • Fabry Perot Etalon inx/y-holder and rider (08656.30)
What you need:
Helium-Neon-laser, basic set P2260701
What you can learn about
� Spontaneous and stimulatedlight emission
� Inversion� Collision of second type� Gas discharge tube� Resonator cavity� Transverse and longitudinal
resonator modes� Birefraction� Brewster angle� Littrow prism� Fabry Perot
Helium-Neon-laser, advanced set P2260705
Class 3B Laser
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7PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LEP Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Nd-YAG-laser P2260900
25
20
15
10
5
50 100 150
PNd-YAGmW
Pump powermW
From graphic:Threshold power = 57 mW
From graphic:Slope efficiency: 30%
Principle:The rate equation model for an opti-cally pumped four-level laser systemis determined. As lasing medium, aNd-YAG (Neodymium-Yttrium Alu-minium Garnet) rod has been select-ed which is pumped by means of asemiconductor diode laser.
The IR-power output of the Nd-YAGlaser is measured as a function of theoptical power input and the slope ef-ficiency as well as the thresholdpower are determined.
Finally, a KTP-crystal is inserted intothe laser cavity and frequency dou-bling is demonstrated. The quadraticrelationship between the power ofthe fundamental wave and the beampower for the second harmonic isthen evident.
Nd-YAG laser power output as a function of the pump power l = 808.4 nm.
Tasks:1. Set up the Nd-YAG laser and opti-
mize its power output.
2. The IR-power output of the Nd-YAG laser is to be measured as afunction of the pump power. Theslope efficiency and the thresholdpower are to be determined.
3. Verify the quadratic relationshipbetween the power of the funda-mental wave, with l = 1064 nm,and the beam power of the secondharmonic with l = 532 nm.
Basic set optical pumping 08590.93 1
Sensor for measurement of beam power 08595.00 1
Nd-YAG laser cavity mirror/holder 08591.01 1
Laser cavity mirror frequency doubling 08591.02 1
Frequency doubling crystal in holder 08593.00 1
Filter plate, short pass type 08594.00 1
Digital multimeter 07134.00 1
Oscilloscope, 30 MHZ, 2 channels 11459.95 1
Screened cable, BNC, l 750 mm 07542.11 3
Protective glasses for the Nd-YAG-Laser 08581.20 1
Cleaning set for laser 08582.00 1
Optional equipment for setup and storage:
Optical base plate in experiment case 08700.01 1
What you need:
Nd-YAG-laser P2260900
What you can learn about
� Optical pumping� Spontaeous emission� Induced emission� Inversion� Relaxation� Optical resonator� Resonator modes� Polarization� Frequency doubling
4. Determine the power output ofthe semiconductor laser as a func-tion of the injection current.
5. Trace the fluorescent spectrum ofthe Nd:YAG rod pumped by thediode laser and verify the mainabsorption lines of neodymium.
6. Measure the mean life time of the4F3/2-level of the Nd-atoms.
7. Extend laser cavity by KTP-crystalfor frequency doubling. Finalizealignment testimate output powerof second harmonic line.
Class 4 Laser
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8 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P2260400 CO2-laser
Principle:Among molecular lasers, the CO2-laser is of greatest practical impor-tance. The high level of efficiencywith which laser radiation can begenerated in continuous wave (cw)and pulse operation is its most fasci-nating feature.
The experimental equipment set isan open CO2-didactic laser system oftyp. 5 W power output. All compo-nents of the system can be handledindividually and the influence ofeach procedure on the output powercan be studied. One target in learn-ing is the alignment of the CO2-laser.
Tasks:1. Align the CO2-laser and optimize
its power output.
2. Check the influence of the Brew-ster windows position on thepower output.
3. Determine the power output as afunction of the electric powerinput and gasflow.
4. Evaluate the efficiency as a func-tion of the electric power input.
Laser power as a function of the angle of inclination of the brewster windownormal N.
5. If the gas-mixing unit is suppliedthe influence of the differentcomponents of the laser gas (CO2,He, N2) to the output efficiency ofthe CO2-laser are analyzed.
6. Measurement of temperaturesdifferences for the laser gas(input/output) for study of con-version efficiency.
CO2-laser tube, detachable, typ 5 W 08596.00 1Module box for CO2-laser tube 08597.00 1Set of laser mirrors, ZnSe and Si with x/y holder/rider 08598.00 1Optical bench on steel rail l = 1.3 m 08599.00 1HV-power supply 5 kV/50 mA DC 08600.93 1Ballast resistor unit incl. 3 HV cables 08601.00 1Cooling water unit, portable 08602.93 1Vacuum pump, two-stage 02751.93 1Gas filter/buffer unit 08605.00 1He-Ne-laser/adjusting device 08607.93 1Diaphragm for adjusting CO2-laser 08608.00 2Screen translucent, 250�250 mm 08064.00 1Right angle clamp –PASS- 02040.55 1Powermeter 30 mW/10 Watt 08579.93 1Support for power probe 08580.00 1Protecting glasses, 10.6 micro-m 08581.00 1Cleaning set for laser 08582.00 1ZnSe biconvex lens, d = 24 mm, f = 150 mm 08609.00 1Digital thermometer, 2 channels, NiCr-Ni 08583.00 1HV-isolated temperature probe 08584.00 1Control panel with support, 1 gas* 08606.00 1Pressure control valve 200/3bar* 08604.00 1Laser gas in bottle, 50 l/200 bar* 08603.00 1
*Alternative:Laser gas mixing unit, 3 gases (see picture) 08606.88 1He-, N2- and CO2-gas
Option:Experiment set for laser beam analysis 08610.10 1
1. estimation of wavelength by diffraction grating and2. distribution of power by diaphragm
IR conversion plate for observation of CO2-laserinfrared radiation 08611.10 1
What you need:
CO2-laser P2260400
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LEP
What you can learn about
� Molecular vibration, excitation� Electric discharge� Vibration/Rotation niveau� Inversion/
Optical amplification� Induced/Spontaneous emission� Spectrum of emission� Polarization� Brewster angle� Optical resonator
Class 4 Laser
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9PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 1.3 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Diffraction of light through a double slit or by a grid P1216800
Principle:The coherent monochromatic light of a laser is directed to a diaphragmwith a varying number of slits. Theresulting interference patterns arestudied using a photoelement.
Qualitative intensity distribution of diffraction through 2 and 4 slits, thedistance x being normalised to �/s. The intensity distribution of the simpleslit has been represented with exaggerated height to give a clearer view.
� Fraunhofer diffraction� Huygens’ principle� Interference� Coherence
Tasks:The intensity distribution of diffrac-tion patterns formed by multiple slitsis measured using a photoelement.The dependence of this distributionfrom the slit widths the number ofslits and the grid constant is investi-gated. The obtained curves are com-pared to the theoretical values.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 3
Diaphragm holder for optical base plate 08724.00 1
Diaphragm, 4 double slits 08523.00 1
Diaphragm, 4 multiple slits 08526.00 1
Photoelement for optical base plate** 08734.00 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
Universal measuring amplifier** 13626.93 1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC 07035.00 1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red** 07361.01 2
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
**Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00 1
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair 07542.27 1
What you need:
Diffraction of light through a double slit or by a grid P1216800
What you can learn about
Intensity distribution of the corresponding simple slit
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10 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1216900 Diffraction of light through a slit and stripes, Babinet’s theorem
Principle:Babinet's Principle states that thediffraction pattern for an aperture isthe same as the pattern for anopaque object of the same shape il-luminated in the same manner. Thatis the pattern produced by a diffract-ing opening of arbitrary shape is thesame as a conjugate of the openingwould produce.
Principle of set up for diffraction through a slit and qualitative distribution onintensities � (�) �0 in the detector plane LD.
Tasks:Babinet’s theorem is verified by thediffraction pattern of monochromat-ic light directed through a slit and anopaque stripe complementary to thelatter. The experiment is also per-formed with a circular aperture andan opaque obstacle conjugate to thisopening.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�mm 08711.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 3
Diaphragm holder for optical base plate 08724.00 1
Screen, with diffracting elements 08577.02 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
Photoelement for optical base plate** 08734.00 1
Universal measuring amplifier** 13626.93 1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC 07035.00 1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red** 07361.01 2
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
**Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00 1
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair 07542.27 1
What you need:
Diffraction of light through a slit and stripes,Babinet’s theorem P1216900
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LP 1.4
What you can learn about
� Fraunhofer interference� Huygens’ principle� Multiple beam interference� Babinet’s theorem� Coherence
LD
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11PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 2.2 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Michelson interferometer P1217100
Principle:In a Michelson interferometer, a lightbeam is split into two partial beamsby a semi transparent glass plate(amplitude splitting). These beamsare reflected by two mirrors andbrought to interference after theypassed through the glass plate asecond time.
Formation of interference rings.
Tasks:The wavelength of the used laserlight is determined through the ob-servation of the change in the inter-ference pattern upon changing thelength of one of the interferometerarms.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 4
Michelson interferometer 08557.00 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pinhole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
What you need:
Michelson interferometerP1217100
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Refraction index� Light velocity� Phase� Virtual light source� Coherence
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12 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1217200 Newton’s rings
Principle:The air wedge formed between aslightly convex lens and a plane glassplate (Newton's colour glass) is usedto cause interference of monochro-matic light. The wavelength is deter-mined from the radii of the interfer-ence rings.
Generation of Newton’s rings.
Tasks:The diameters of interference ringsproduced by Newton’s colour glassare measured and these are used to:
1. determine the wavelength for agiven radius of curvature of thelens,
2. determine the radius of curvaturefor a given wavelength.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pinhole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 5
Newton colourglass for optical base plate 08730.02 1
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Lens, mounted, f = +50 mm 08020.01 1
Screen, transparent with holder for optical base plate 08732.00 1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
What you need:
Newton’s ringsP1217200
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LP 2.3
What you can learn about
� Coherent light� Phase relation� Path difference� Interference at thin layers� Newton's colour glass
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13PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 3.2 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Polarisation through �/4 plates P1217400
Principle:Monochromatic light impinges on amica plate, perpendicularly to its op-tical axis. If the thickness of theplate is adequate (l/4 plate), a phaseshift of 90° occurs between the ordi-nary and the extraordinary beamwhen the latter leaves the crystal.The polarisation of exiting light isexamined for different angles be-tween the optical axis of the l/4plate and the direction of polarisa-tion of incident light.
Tasks:1. Measurement of the intensity of
linearly polarised light as a func-tion of the analyser’s position(Malus’ law)
2. Measurement of the light intensi-ty behind the analyser as a func-
Intensity distribution of polarised light for different angles of the �/4 plate,as a function of the analyser position.
tion of the angle between the op-tical axis of the l/4 plate and theanalyser.
3. Carrying out experiment (2) withtwo successive l/4 plates.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 7
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1
Diaphragm holder for optical base plate 08724.00 2
Polarizing filter for optical base plate 08730.00 2
Polarization specimen, mica 08664.00 2
Photoelement for optical base plate** 08734.00 1
Universal measuring amplifier** 13626.93 1
Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC 07035.00 1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red** 07361.01 2
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
**Alternative:
Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00 1
Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1
Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1
Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair 07542.27 1
What you need:
Polarisation through l/4 platesP1217400
What you can learn about
� Linearly, circularly andelliptically polarised light
� Polarizer� Analyser� Plane of polarisation� Malus' law� Double refraction� Optical axis� Ordinary and extraordinary
beam
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 13
14 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1217600 Kerr effect
Principle:Monochromatic light, which is po-larised vertical impinges on a PLZTelement (lead-lanthanum-zirconi-um-titanium preparation) rotated inits support by 45° against the verti-cal.
An electric field is applied to thePLZT element (Kerr cell) and causesthe latter to become double refract-ing. The phase difference betweenthe ordinary and the extraordinarybeams after the PLZT element isrecorded as a function of the appliedvoltage. It is shown that the differ-ence of phase is proportional to thesquare of the electric field intensity,due to the applied voltage.
Tasks:1. The phase difference between the
ordinary and the extraordinarylight beam is recorded for diffe-rent voltages applied to the PLZTelement, that is, for different fieldintensities. The half wavelengthvoltages U(l/2) must be deter-mined.
2. By plotting the square of the ap-plied voltage against the phasedifference between the ordinaryand the extraordinary beam, it isshown that the relation betweenboth magnitudes is approximatelylinear. The Kerr constant is calcu-lated from the slope of thestraight line.
Relative light intensity I/I0 after analyser A as a function of the voltage Uapplied to the Kerr cell and of phase shift � between the ordinary and theextraordinary beams.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 5Kerr cell PLTZ for optical base plate 08731.00 1High voltage supply unit, 0–10 kV 13670.93 1Loudspeaker, 8 �/5 k� 13765.00 1Polarizing filter for optical base plate 08730.00 2Photoelement for optical base plate*** 08734.00 1Universal measuring amplifier*** 13626.93 1Voltmeter, 0.3-300 VDC, 10-300 VAC 07035.00 1Digital multimeter 07134.00 1Flat cell battery, 9 V 07496.10 1Power frequency generator 1MHz** 13650.93 1Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1Adapter, BNC-socket/4 mm plug pair 07542.27 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, yellow 07361.02 1Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, red*** 07362.01 3Connecting cord, l = 750 mm, blue 07362.04 3
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1orDiodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
**Alternative:Radio and adapter plug 1
***Alternative:Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00 1Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair 07542.27 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm red 07362.01 1
What you need:
Kerr effect P1217600
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LP 3.4
What you can learn about
� Polarisation of light� Double refraction� Optical anisotropy� Modulation of light� Electro-optical modulator
3. Superimposing an alternate volt-age to the constant electric HVfield, the PLZT element is trans-formed to an electro optical mod-ulator. Its function is demonstrat-ed by means of alternate voltagesof variable frequency in the audi-ble range.
Phase shift
Voltage for peaksand minima
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 14
15PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LP 3.5 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Faraday effect P1217700
Principle:The angle of rotation of the plane ofpolarisation of a linearly polarisedlight wave in a rod of flint glass ap-pears to be a linear function of theaverage magnetic flow density andof the length of optical mediumtravelled through by the wave. Thefactor of proportionality is a mediumspecific constant and is calledVerdet’s constant.
Experimental set up (* only required for 5 mW laser)
� Interaction ofelectromagnetic fields
� Electronic oscillation� Electromagnetism� Polarisation� Verdet’s constant� Malus’ law
Tasks:Qualitative investigation of the Fara-day effect through observation ofthe electro optical modulation of thepolarised laser light with frequenciesin the acoustic range.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 5Polarizing filter for optical base plate 08730.00 2Faraday modulator for optical base plate 08733.00 1Power frequency generator 1 MHz** 13650.93 1Ammeter, 1 mA - 3 A DC/AC 07036.00 1Photoelement for optical base plate*** 08734.00 1Universal measuring amplifier*** 13626.93 1Loudspeaker, 8 �/5 k� 13765.00 1Screen, transparent with holder for optical base plate 08732.00 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red 07361.01 3Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue 07361.04 2
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1orDiodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
**Alternative:Radio and adapter plug 1orLow frequency amplifier 13625.93 1Function generator 13652.93 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red 07361.01 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue 07361.04 1
*** Alternative:Si-Photodetector with amplifier 08735.00 1Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1Adapter, BNC-socket/4mm plug pair 07542.27 1
What you need:
Faraday Effect P1217700
What you can learn about
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 15
16 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1218000 Determination of the index of refraction of CO2 with Michelson’s interferometer
Principle:Light is caused to interfere by meansof a beam splitter and two mirrorsaccording to Michelson’s set up.Substituting the air in a measure-ment cuvette located in one of theinterferometer arms by CO2 gass al-lows to determine the index of re-fraction of CO2.
Michelson’s set up for interference.
Tasks:A Michelson Interferometer is set upand adjusted so that interferencerings can be observed. CO2 gas isfilled into a measurement cuvettethat was filled before with air. Fromchanges in the interference patternthe difference of the refraction indexbetween air and CO2 is determined.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 1
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 5
Michelson interferometer 08557.00 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pinhole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
Glass cell, diameter 21.5 mm 08625.00 1
Compressed gas, CO2, 21 g 41772.06 1
Pipette, with rubber bulb 64701.00 1
Universal clamp with joint 37716.00 1
Silicone tubing, d = 5 mm 39297.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
or
Diodelaser 0.2/1 mW; 635 nm 08760.99 1
What you need:
Determination of the index of refraction of CO2with Michelson’s interferometer P1218000
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LP 4.3
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Index of refraction� Light velocity� Phase� Virtual light source� Coherence
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 16
17PHYWE Systeme GmbH · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 2 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Michelson interferometer – High Resolution P1306700
Principle:With the aid of two mirrors in aMichelson arrangement, light isbrought to interference. While mov-ing one of the mirrors, the alterationin the interference pattern is ob-served and the wavelength of thelaser light determined.
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source
Experimentally determined contrast function in comparison to the theoreticalcontrast function K of a 2-mode laser.
Tasks:1. Construction of a Michelson inter-
ferometer using separate compo-nents.
2. The interferometer is used to de-termine the wavelength of thelaser light.
3. The contrast function K is quali-tatively recorded in order to deter-mine the coherence length with it.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 4
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 4
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 6
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
Interferometer plate with precision drive 08715.00 1
Photoelement for optical base plate 08734.00 1
Digital multimeter 07134.00 1
Flat cell battery, 9 V 07496.10 1
Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
What you need:
Michelson interferometer – High ResolutionP1306700
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 17
18 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1307000 Doppler effect with the Michelson interferometer
Principle:With the aid of two mirrors in aMichelson arrangement, light isbrought to interference. While mov-ing one of the mirrors, the alterationin the interference pattern is ob-served and the modulation frequen-cy is measured using the Doppler ef-fect.
Sample measurement with the y-t recorder.
Tasks:1. Construction of a Michelson inter-
ferometer using separate compo-nents.
2. Measurement of the Doppler ef-fect via uniform displacement ofone of the mirrors.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1Interferometer plate with precision drive 08715.00 1Light barrier with counter 11207.30 1Power supply 5 VDC/2.4 A 11076.99 1Support 09906.00 1Motor with gearing and cord pulley 08738.00 1Perforated disk with driving belt 08738.01 1Recorder, tY, 2 channel** 11415.95 1Perforated disk with driving belt 08738.01 1Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, red** 07361.01 2Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue** 07361.04 2Photoelement for optical base plate** 08734.00 1Power supply 0-12 V DC/6 V,12 V AC 13505.93 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 4Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 4Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 8Support rod, stainless steel, 100 mm 02030.00 1Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 1Right angle clamp -PASS- 02040.55 1Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
**Alternative:Stop watch 03071.01 1
What you need:
Doppler effect with the Michelson interferometer P1370000
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source� Temporal coherence� Special relativity theory� Lorentz transformation
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LI 5
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 18
19PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 6 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometer P1307100
Principle:With the aid of two mirrors in aMichelson arrangement, light isbrought to interference. Due to themagnetostrictive effect, one of themirrors is shifted by variation in themagnetic field applied to a sample,and the change in the interferencepattern is observed.
Measuring results of the magnetostriction of nickel with the relative changein length �l/l plotted against applied field strength H
Tasks:1. Construction of a Michelson inter-
ferometer using separate opticalcomponents.
2. Testing various ferromagnetic ma-terials (iron and nickel) as well asa non-ferromagnetic material,copper, with regard to their mag-netostrictive properties.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 3
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 4
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 7
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Screen, white, 150�150mm 09826.00 1
Faraday modulator for optical base plate 08733.00 1
Rods for magnetostriction, set 08733.01 1
Power supply, universal 13500.93 1
Digital multimeter 07134.00 1
Connecting cord, l = 500 mm, blue 07361.04 1
Flat cell battery, 9 V 07496.10 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
What you need:
Magnetostriction with the Michelson interferometerP1307100
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source� Ferromagnetic material� Weiss molecular magnetic
fields� Spin-orbit coupling
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 19
20 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1307500 Determination of the refraction index of air with the Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Principle:Light is brought to interference bytwo mirrors and two beam splittersin the Mach-Zehnder arrangement.By changing the pressure in a mea-suring cell located in the beam path,one can deduce the refraction indexof air.
Schematic representation of the cell with normal pressure (a) and nearlyabsolute vacuum (b)
Tasks:1. Construction of a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer using individualoptical components.
2. Measurement of the refractionindex n of air by lowering the airpressure in a measuring cell.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 10
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 4
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 4
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 2
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
Glass cell, diameter 21.5 mm 08625.00 1
Manual vacuum pump with manometer 08745.00 1
Universal clamp with joint 37716.00 1
Tubing connector, T-shape, ID 8-9 mm 47519.03 1
Tubing adaptor, ID 3-6/7-11 mm 47517.01 1
Vacuum hose, di = 6 mm 39286.00 1
Silicone tubing, di = 3mm 39292.00 1
Glass cell holder on rod 08706.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
What you need:
Determination of the refraction index of airwith the Mach-Zehnder interferometer P1307500
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LI 10
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 20
21PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 12 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Fabry-Perot interferometer – Determination of the laser light’s wavelength P1307700
Principle:Two mirrors are assembled to form aFabry-Perot interferometer. Usingthem, the multibeam interference ofa laser’s light beam is investigated.By moving one of the mirrors, thechange in the interference pattern isstudied and the wavelength of thelaser’s light determined.
Multibeam interferometer after Fabry and Perot. Illustration of the principlefor deriving the individual amplitudes.
Tasks:1. Construction of a Fabry-Perot in-
terferometer using separate opti-cal components.
2. The interferometer is used to de-termine the wavelength of thelaser light.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Interferometer plate with precision drive 08715.00 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 3
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 3
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 6
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1
Beam splitter T = 30, R = 70, with holder 08741.01 1
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:
Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
What you need:
Fabry-Perot interferometer – Determinationof the laser lights’s wavelength P1307700
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source� Multibeam interferometer
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 21
P1307800 Fabry-Perot interferometer – optical resonator modes
Principle:Two mirrors are assembled to form aFabry-Perot Interferometer. Usingthem, the multibeam interference ofa laser’s light beam is investigated.On moving one of the mirrors, thechange in the intensity distributionof the interference pattern is stud-ied. This is a qualitative experiment,to study the shape of different lasermodes and compare it with somephotos given in this description.
Intensity distribution of the Hermitian-Gaussian resonator modes.
Tasks:1. Construction of a Fabry-Perot in-
terferometer using separate opti-cal components.
2. The interferometer is used to ob-serve different resonator modeswithin the interferometer.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1
Interferometer plate with precision drive 08715.00 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 4
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2
Concave mirror OC; r = 1.4 m, T = 1.7%, mounted 08711.03 1
Plane mirror HR >99%, mounted 08711.02 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 5
Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1
Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 1
Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1
What you need:
Fabry-Perot interferometer –optical resonator modes P1307800
What you can learn about
� Interference� Wavelength� Diffraction index� Speed of light� Phase� Virtual light source� Two-beam interferometer
22 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LI 13
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 22
23PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LI 15 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Fourier optics – optical filtration – 4f Arrangement P2261200
Principle:The electric field distribution of lightin a specific plane (object plane) isFourier transformed into the 4fconfiguration by 2 lenses and opti-cally filtered with appropriate dia-phragms.
Principle of the set-up for coherent optical filtration.
Tasks:1. Optical filtration of diffraction
objects in 4f set-up.
2. Reconstruction of a filtered image.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder* 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW* 08702.93 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 9Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2Lens, mounted, f = +100 mm 08021.01 3Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 3Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1Slide -Emperor Maximilian- 82140.00 1Screen, with arrow slit 08133.01 1Diffraction grating, 4 lines/mm 08532.00 1Diffraction grating, 50 lines/mm 08543.00 1Diaphragms, d = 1, 2, 3, 5 mm 09815.00 1Screen, with diffracting elements 08577.02 1Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1xy shifting device 08714.00 2Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1Adapter ring device 08714.01 1Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1Ruler, plastic, 200 mm 09937.01 1Ultrasonic generator 11744.93 1Glass cell, 150�55�100 mm 03504.00 1Table with stem 09824.00 2Support rod, stainless steel, 250 mm 02031.00 1Bosshead 02043.00 1Universal clamp 37715.00 1
*Alternative to laser 5 mW, power supply and shutter:Laser, He-Ne 0.2/1.0 mW, 220 V AC 08180.93 1
What you need:
What you can learn about
� Fourier transform� Lenses� Fraunhofer diffraction� Index of refraction� Huygens’ principle� Debye-Sears-effect
filter
half plane
Fourier plane P2lens L1object plane P1 lens L2 observationplane SC
Fouriert optics – optical filtration –4 f Arrangement P2261200
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 23
P1308011 LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometry with Cobra3
Principle:Small particles in a current passthrough the LDA measuring volumeand scatter the light whose frequen-cy is shifted by the Doppler effectdue to the particle movement. The frequency change of the scat-tered light is detected and convertedinto a particle or flow velocity.
Tasks:1. Measurement of the light-fre-
quency change of individual lightbeams which are reflected bymoving particles.
Measurement of the signal spectrum with a signal peak.
2. Determination of the flow veloci-ties.
Optical base plate with rubber feet 08700.00 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 8Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 1Lens, mounted, f = +100 mm 08021.01 1Lens, mounted, f = +50 mm 08020.01 1Lens, mounted, f = +20 mm 08018.01 1Iris diaphragm 08045.00 1Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1Si-Photodetector with Amplifier 08735.00 1Control Unit for Si-Photodetector 08735.99 1Adapter, BNC-socket/4 mm plug pair 07542.27 1Screened cable, BNC, l = 750 mm 07542.11 1Prism table with holder for optical base plate 08725.00 1Lensholder for optical base plate 08723.00 3Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1xy shifting device 08714.00 1Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1LDA-Accessory-Set 08740.00 1Support rod -PASS-, square, l = 630 mm 02027.55 2Right angle clamp -PASS- 02040.55 2Universal clamp 37715.00 2Support base -PASS- 02005.55 1Aspirator bottle, clear glass 1000 ml 34175.00 2Pinchcock, width 10 mm 43631.10 3Glass tubes, straight, 80 mm 36701.65 1Rubber stopper, d = 32/26 mm, 1 hole 39258.01 2Rubber stopper, d = 22/17 mm, 1 hole 39255.01 2Measuring tape, l = 2 m 09936.00 1Spatula, double blade, 150 mm 33460.00 1
What you need:
What you can learn about
� Interference� Doppler effect� Scattering of light by small
particles (Mie scattering)� High- and low-pass filters� Sampling theorem� Spectral power density� Turbulence
24 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LI 17
Silicone tubing di = 7 mm 39296.00 4Glass beaker, short, 150 ml 36012.00 1COBRA3-Basic-Unit 12150.00 1Power supply 12 V/2 A 12151.99 1Data cable, plug/socket, 9 pole 14602.00 1Software Cobra3-Frequency Analyzer 14514.61 1PC, Windows® 95 or higher
LDA – Laser Doppler Anemometrywith Cobra3 P1308011
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:38 Uhr Seite 24
25PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LH 3 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
White light hologram with expansion system P1290200
Principle:White light holograms are preparedby allowing the coherent referenceand object waves to strike the holo-gram plate from two different sidesduring image-capture. Interferencelayers are generated in the photo-sensitive material. If the developedhologram is illuminated with whitelight, those layers act as interferencefilters. According to the condition forBragg reflection constructive inter-ference for a specific wavelength can
occur only at certain angles of ob-servation.
Principle of the white light hologram. Image-capture geometry and Braggreflection.
Tasks:Prepare a hologram which can alsobe reconstructed with white light ofa punctiform lightsource (e.g. thesun)
Optical base plate in experiment case 08700.01 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 4
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 1
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2
Object for holography 08749.00 1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces* 08746.00 1
Darkroom equipment for holography 08747.88 1
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88 1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g 30102.25 1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml 30219.50 1
What you need:
What you can learn about
� Bragg reflection� Object beam� Reference beam� Real and virtual image� Phase holograms� Amplitude holograms� Interference� Diffraction� Developing of film
*Alternative:
Holographic sheet film 08746.01 1
Glass plate, 120�120�2 mm 64819.00 2
White light hologram with expansion systemP1290200
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26 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
P1290400 Transmission hologram with expansion system
Principle:In contrast to normal photography ahologram can store informationabout the three-dimensionality of anobject. To capture the three-dimen-sionality of an object, the film storesnot only the amplitude but also thephase of the light rays. To achievethis, a coherent light beam (laserlight) is split into an object and a ref-erence beam by being passedthrough a beam splitter. These beamsinterfere in the plane of the holo-graphic film. The hologram is recon-
structed with the reference beamwhich was also used to record thehologram.
Experimental set-up for the image-capture of a transmission hologram usingthe optical expansion system.
Tasks:1. Capture the holographic image of
an object.
2. Perform the development andbleaching of this phase hologram.
3. Reconstruct the transmissionhologram (reconstruction beam isthe reference beam during imagecapture).
Optical base plate in experiment case 08700.01 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 6
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm 08712.00 1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1
Object for holography 08749.00 1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces* 08746.00 1
Darkroom equipment for holography 08747.88 1
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88 1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g 30102.25 1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml 30219.50 1
What you need:
Transmission hologram with expansion systemP1290400
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LH 5
What you can learn about
� Object beam� Reference beam� Real and virtual image� Phase holograms� Amplitude holograms� Interference� Diffraction� Coherence�Developing of film
*Alternative:
Holographic sheet film 08746.01 1
Glass plate, 120�120�2 mm 64819.00 2
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27PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
LH 6 Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Transfer hologram from a master hologram P1290500
Principle:After preparing a transmission holo-gram (master hologram) of an object,the reconstructed real image is usedto illuminate a second holographicplate. Thereby a transfer hologram isprepared.
Tasks:Image-capture and reconstructionof a transmission hologram, whichis also termed the master hologram.Reconstruction of the master holo-gram with the phase conjugated
Correct selection of the object position so that the image-capture of a trans-fer hologram is possible.
reference wave R* and image-cap-ture of the transfer hologram,whereby an image-plane hologramshould be generated.
Optical base plate in experiment case 08700.01 1
He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1
Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1
Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 6
Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2
Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1
xy shifting device 08714.00 2
Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1
Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1
Adapter ring device 08714.01 1
Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2
Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2
Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm 08712.00 1
Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1
Object for holography 08749.00 1
Holographic plates, 20 pieces* 08746.00 1
Darkroom equipment for holography 08747.88 1
consisting of:
Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Tray
thermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Film
tongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •
Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88 1
consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •
Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:
Potassium dichromate, 250 g 30102.25 1
Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml 30219.50 1
What you need:
Transfer hologram from a master hologramP1290500
What you can learn about
� Coherence of light� Object/Reference beam� Real and virtual image� Phase conjugation� Phase/Amplitude holograms� Interference diffraction� Developing of film
*Alternative:
Holographic sheet film 08746.01 1
Glass plate, 120�120�2 mm 64819.00 4
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 27
Advanced Optics and Laser Physics LH 10
28 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Principle:– In real time procedures, alter-
ations of an object are directly ob-served. A hologram is recordedunder the initial object conditionsand remains in exactly the sameposition (at exactly the sameplace) where it was located duringthe image-capture procedurewhile it is being developed.
– The hologram is reconstructedwith the reference beam and theobject is illuminated with the ob-ject beam (both waves are un-changed with respect to the cap-tured image). The light scatteredby the object interferes with thereconstructed light wave of thehologram.
– During the occurrence of minoralterations (e.g. bending) of theobject, interference fringes be-come visible on observing thehologram.
Experimental set-up for real-time procedures as a holographic interferometerfor a bending plate.
Tasks:Image-capture and reconstructionof a hologram of a plate which iscovered with different masses dur-ing the reconstruction.
Optical base plate in experiment case 08700.01 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 7Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1xy shifting device 08714.00 2Adapter ring device 08714.01 1Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm 08712.00 1Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 2Screen, white, 150�150 mm 09826.00 1Slotted weight, 50 g, black 02206.01 2Right angle clamp -PASS- 02040.55 4Cell with magnetic base 08748.00 1Hose clip, diam. 8-12mm 40996.01 2Filter funnel, PP, d = 75 mm 46895.00 1Retort stand, h = 500 mm 37692.00 1Pinchcock, width 15 mm 43631.15 1Ballon flask, HDPE, 10 l 47477.00 1Universal clamp 37715.00 4Holographic sheet film* 08746.01 1Insert for cell 08748.00 for films* 08748.02 1Rubber tubing, vacuum i. d. 6 mm 39286.00 2Gas wash bottle, w/o frit, 250 ml 35834.05 1Manual vacuum pump with manometer* 08745.00 1Silicone grease, 50 g 31863.00 1Silicone tubing, di = 8 mm 47531.00 1
Darkroom equipment for holography 08747.88 1consisting of:Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Traythermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Filmtongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
What you need:
Real time procedure I(bending of a plate) P1290900
What you can learn about
� Interference� Optical path length� Refraction index� Phase difference
P1290900 Real time procedure I (bending of a plate)
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88 1consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath • Wetting agent •Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:Potassium dichromate, 250 g 30102.25 1Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml 30219.50 1
*Alternative:Holographic plates, 20 pieces 08746.00 1Insert for cell 08748.00 for plates 08748.01 1
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29PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Student System “Advanced Optics” and Laser Physics
Experimental System “Advanced Optics”
This experimental system allows many important experiments in
● Geometrical optics ● Holography● Wave optics ● Interferometry● Applied optics ● Fourier optics
to be performed.
All experiments are supported by corresponding handbooks, which containdetailed descriptions of experimental set-ups and procedures, as well asresults of measurements.
By use of a base plate and magnetically held adjustment devices, which canbe positioned jerkfree, 1 and 2 dimensional measuring set-ups with laser lightsources can be quickly and dependably realized. By deflecting the light path,experiments with larger focal lengths can also be carried out on the baseplate.
The high inherent stiffness and vibration damping of the base plate enablessensitive interferometer arrangements to be set up.Experimental set up for transmission hologram (LH5 – P1290400)
Optical base plate 08700.00For setting up magnetically adheringoptical components. Rigid and vibra-tion-damped working base made ofsteel plate. With corrosion protection,NEXTEL® plastic coating and im-printed grid (5×5) cm. Three fixedadapter sleeves for laser and lasershutter. With rubber feet for non-slipworking. Base plate size (mm) 590×430×24Mass 7 kg
Optical base plate in experimental case 08700.01Design as for base plate 08700.00,however with vibration-dampedstorage in the base of a case. Bottomclamp screws. When carrying out theexperiments, the base plate remainsin the bottom of the case. Separatecase hood with lock.Case dimensions (mm) 620×460×280Mass 13 kg
The practical system enables all im-portant experiments in • Geometric optics• Wave optics (diffraction, interfer-
ence, polarisation and refraction,Kerr and Faraday effect)
• Holography ( white light, transmis-sion and transfer holograms, aver-age time and real time holography)
• Interferometry (Michelson, Mach-Zehnder, Fabry-Perot, Sagnac,Twyman-Green interferometer, aswell as the insert for producingnon-optical phenomena such ase.g. measurement of magnetostric-tions).
• Fourier optics, diffusion of light,optical Doppler effect and laserDoppler anemometry to be carriedout.
With the aid of a base plate and mag-netic adhering holders, which can bepositioned jolt-free, 1 and 2 dimen-sional measuring arrangements canbe quickly and reliably realised usinglaser light sources. By folding thelight paths experiments with largerfocal distances can also be carriedout on the working base. The high stiffness and vibrationdamping of the base plate allowssensitive interferometer arrange-ments to be set up. The base platewith hooded case 08700.01 is rec-ommended for the use of particular-ly vibration-sensitive applications,which is accommodated with partic-ular vibration-damping in the bot-tom of a transport case.
Complete set of interferometer experiments 08700.88
Under the order-no. 08700.88 we offer a complete equipment set to realizethe following 5 types of interferometers: (Please see also page 4 in thisbrochure: Handbook Laser Physics III)
Michelson interferometer (LI 1) Experiment-no. P1306600Sagnac interferometer (LI 4) Experiment-no. P1306900Mach-Zehnder interferometer (LI 10) Experiment-no. P1307500Fabry-Perot interferometer (LI 12) Experiment-no. P1307700Twyman-Green interferometer (LI 18) Experiment-no. P1308100
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 18:03 Uhr Seite 29
30 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Equipment Holders
� Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00
Due to internal three-point guide way,stable and highly accurate work hold-ing device for optical componentswith round stems (∅ 10 mm…13 mm).Magnetic base with sliding and attri-tion-free plastic coating for jolt-freepositioning of the optical compo-nents on the base plate. Base height 55 mm
� Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00
For holding optical components (e.g.front surface mirrors). With sensitiveadjustment screws for setting thex,y-position of the optical compo-nents. With round stem l = 75 mmand d = 10 mm.
� Holder for diaphragm/beam plitter 08719.00
Rubber-covered clamping jaws withknurled screws for clamping andholding glass plates, beam splitters,etc. With two round unscrewablestems l = 50 mm and l = 68 mm andd = 10 mm.
� Sliding device, horizontal08713.00
For precise and reproducible linearshift of optical components.Two edge resistant holes for holdingoptical components and a central,linearly adjustable adjustment withspindle drive and scaled, clampableadjustment knob. With round steml = 50 mm and d = 10 mm.Shift range 40 mmAdjustment accuracy 0.1 mm
� XY-shifting device 08714.00For holding and fine positioning op-tical components for extendingbeams (microscope objectives) andspatial filtering (pinhole/apertureplate). With three point bearing andadjusting facility in two mutuallyperpendicular directions, as well asperpendicular to the optical axis inone plane. With clamping pegs forsliding device, horizontal 08713.00.Incl. adjustable aperture plate. x,y-adjustment path max. ± 2 mm
� Adapter ring device08714.01
with internal thread for holding micro-scope objectives (e.g. objective 20×,62174.20) in xy-shifting device08714.00
� Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00For suppressing interference in thelaser light (spatial filter) in connec-tion with microscope objectives. Inframe ∅ = 25 mm.
Adjusting ring 25 � 10 �13 mm 08710.01
For placing and clamping on roundstem optical components, to placethem with a fixed height in magnet-ic feet.
Rot. guide rail with angularscale 08717.00
For reproducible angle adjustment ofoptical components about a freelypositionable pivot. With fixed hold ofcomponents with round stem in thepivot. Swivel rotating track for hold-ing magnet feet for additional com-ponents.Rotating range 360 °Divisions 5 °
� Holder for coaxial laser 08705.00
Holder with three-point bearing forlaser tube ∅ = 30…55 mm. On steml = 65 mm.
� Interferometer plate withprecision drive 08715.00
For precise and reproducible linearshift of optical components e. g. ininterferometer set ups. Suppression of tilting effects due totraverse construction. Position ad-justment through lever device withmicrometer screw. Stiff steel baseplate with NEXTEL®-Plastic coating.Set up on base plate.Shift path max. 0.25 mmResolution 500 nmDimensions (mm) 320×200 ×14Mass 5 kg
� Lens holder for opt. base plate 08723.00
for holding of framed lenses. Designas 08012.00 (s. Page 288), howeverwith short stem l = 35 mm.
� Diaphragm holder 08724.00Design as 08040.00, however withshort stem l = 35 mm.
� Holder for direct vision prismfor opt. base plate 08726.00
Design as 08255.00, however withshort stem l = 50 mm.
� Slit, adjust for opt. baseplate 08727.00
Design as 08049.00, however withshort stem l = 35 mm.
� Prism table for opt. baseplate 08725.00
Design as 08254.00, however withshort stem l = 50 mm.
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31PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Optical Components
� Cell with magnetic base08748.00
For holding holography plates/ filmsfor experiments on real time hologra-phy. Cuvette made of streak-freeglass plates. With 2 hose connec-tions.Dimensions (mm) 200×150×60
� Insert for holographic plates08748.01
Corrosion-proof stainless steel hold-er for standard plates (102×127) mmor even for half-size in cuvette withmagnetic feet 08748.00.Dimensions (mm) 170×130×40
� Insert for holographic films08748.02
Corrosion-proof plexiglass holder forholography films (80×60, 80×100 or127×102) mm. Can be used in cu-vette with magnetic feet 08748.00.The plane film fixing is achieved byproducing low air pressure with theaid of a hand-held vacuum pumpwith manometer 08745.00.Dimensions (mm) 170×130×40
� Object for holography08749.00
Three dimensional model body onmagnetic foot. Total height 17 cm.
�
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� Surface mirror 08711.01High-quality front-surface planemirror with SiO2- protective coat; onaluminium holder with protectiveedge. Can be used in adjustmentholder 08711.00 Mirror area (mm) 30×30Plan evenness λ/8
� Surface mirror, large 08712.00
High-quality front-surface planemirror with SiO2- protective coat.On holder with round stem l = 76mm. Rear adjustment screws for ad-justing inclination of the mirror inx,y direction.Mirror diameter (mm) 80Plane evenness λ/10
� Concave mirror f = 5 mm, with holder 08720.00
Front-surface mirror ∅ = 10 mm onmagnetic adhering ball joint, mount-ed on round stem l = 110 mm.
� Fresnel mirror for opt. base plate 08728.00
Design as for 08560.00, however withshort stem l = 50 mm.
� Newton colour glass for opt. base plate 08730.02
Design as for 08550.00, however withshort stem l = 35 mm.
� Polarisation filter for baseplate 08730.00
Design as for 08610.00, however withshort stem l = 35 mm.
� Polarizing filter halfshadefor opt. base plate 08730.01
Design as for 08628.01, however withshort stem l = 35 mm.
Kerr cell, PLZT for opt. base plate 08731.00
Design as for 08661.00, however withshort stem l = 68 mm.
Photoelement for opt. base plate 08734.00
For determining light intensities.With replaceable holders l = 110 mmand l = 250 mm. Incl. attachableaperture slit d = 0.3 mm.Spectral range 400…1100 nm
Screen, transparent for opt. base plate 08732.00Area (mm) 150×150
� Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00
Semi transparent, non-polarizingglass mirror for separating lightbeam intensity into 50% transmis-sion and 50% reflection. Designedfor wavelength λ = 633 nm.Plate dimensions (mm) 50×30×3.2
� Beam splitter T = 30, R =70, with holder 08741.01
Semi-transparent glass plate for sep-arating light beam intensity into 30 %transmission and 70 % reflection.E.g. for Fabry-Perot interferometer.Mounted on a metal frame.Plate dimensions (mm) 30×20×1.7Frame (mm) 50×30×4
Faraday modulator for opt. base plate 08733.00
Copper coil on temperature-stable alu-minium winder with insert for holdingglass rods (SF58) for Faraday effect(included). With round stem, clampscrews and fixed connection cable l = 1 m with 4-mm jacks.Number of windings 1200Inductivity 6,3 mHOhm’s resistance 4 ΩInternal diameter 14 mmMax. current 5 A (1min)
Rods for magnetotriction, set of 3 08733.01 Ni-, Fe- and Cu-rod with single-sidedM6 thread and silicon hose cover forvibration damping. Can be fixed incoil for magnetostriction 08733.00.Each l = 150 mm, ∅ = 8 mm.
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Special components for holography
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 31
32 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Further equipment and components
Holographic plates, 25 pcs. 08746.00Photo plates with extremely high resolution (approx. 6000 Lines/mm). Sensitive for He-Ne-laser light(633 nm). Plate format (127×102) mm.
Holographic sheet films, 50 pcs. 08746.01With extremely high resolution (approx. 6000 Lines/mm). Sensitive for He-Ne-laser light (633 nm).Extent of delivery: 30 pcs (100×80) mm, 50 pcs (80×60) mm.
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88Consisting of: Developer, stop bath, wetting agent, white paint and laminate.
Dark room equipment for holography 08747.88Consisting of: 4 plastic dishes, darkroom light with green filter and lamp, shell thermometer, roller squeegee,2 clips, 2 photo pincettes, laboratory gloves 100 pcs., funnel and 4 narrow-necked flasks 1000 ml, cleaningset for optical components.
Equipment set for CO2-laser beam analysis 08610.10
With this equipment the experiment P2260400 “CO2-laser” (p. 8) can be extended to:
1. estimating the wavelength by a diffraction grating and2. measuring the distribution of power with the help of a diaphragm
Consists of: (1) Diffraction grating, metal, slit width 0.2 mm, distance of slit centers 0.4 mm, aper-ture diameter: 12 mm, thermal stable up to a power of 8 W/3 mm beam diameter
(2) Diaphragm for powermeter 08579.93 (included in the experiment P2260400), aluminium, black anodised, slit width/diaphragm diameter: 1 mm, thermal loadtolerance: 10 W at 3 mm beam diameter
(3) Sliding device, horizontal, for powermeter sensor, linear adjustment with spindledrive, shift range ±20 mm, with slide mount that goes with the optical benchsupplied with P2260400
(4) Slide mount to hold diffraction grating (1)
IR conversion plate for observation of infrared CO2-laser radiation 08611.10
Using this Thermal Image Plate it is possible to see IR laser beams in real time and with high res-olution. The conversion plate displays IR laser beams through the use of thermal sensitive phos-phors. When illuminated by a long wavelength ultraviolet light (source supplied) these phosphorsfluoresce. The intensity of fluorescence decreases with increasing temperature. When an IR laserbeam strikes the thermal-sensitive surface, the absorbed energy raises the surface temperatureand produces a corresponding thermal image.
Laser beam profiler 08587.00
Consisting of: – CMOS 1,3 mega pixel USB 2.0 camera– Set of neutral density filters– Software for acquisition and analysis of image data
Although special consideration was given to the requirements and problems of laser beam profil-ing during its development, the set is not limited to this function. The software provides tools for2D- as well as 3D-visualization, beam cross section analysis but also for studying e.g. the imageof diffraction patterns. The beam profiler is made for analysing laser beams in the UV, VIS and NIRwavelength range.
Sensor 1 1/8” CMOSPixel Size 6 x 6 µmDynamics 8 bitMax. frame rate 18 fpsSize 34 mm x 32 mm x 27.4 mmThe filters have an optical density of: OD 0.9, OD 1.8, OD 3.0 and OD 4.0 respectively
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 32
33PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Further equipment and components
� Helium-Neon-laser 5 mW,with holder 08701.00
Wavelength 632.8 nmTEM00 Modesselection 99%Degree of polarisation 1: 500Beam diameter 0.81 mmBeam divergence 1 mradmax. power drift 2.5 %/8hService life approx. 15000 hCoaxial cylinder casing � = 44.2 mm,
l = 400 mm
With fixed connection cable with HVjack for laser power pack 08702.93Incl. 2 holders with three-point bear-ing 08705.00 and 2 setting collars08710.00
Lasers are ideal, highly monochromatic light sources with excellent coherence and very low beam divergence.
They are particularly suited as light sources for interference, diffraction and holography experiments.
�
�
�
� Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93
HV supply for laser 08701.00. Withprogrammable timer for selectablehologram light exposure times of0.1s…99 s with the aid of a control-lable shutter. Digital display for pre-selected and expired shutter times.Shutter control via time selection,restart, stop and permanent switch-ing.Plasticcasing (mm) 184×140×130Incl. Shutter � with fixed connec-tion cable with appliance plug; inupright ∅ = 10 mm
Si-Photodetector with amplifier � 08735.00
This silicon photodiode with a built in transconductance amplifier is designed for precision, linearphotometric measurements over 6 decades at high interference levels. It works in connection withthe control unit 08735.99 �.The diode is supplied with a front lens which can be partly covered by a screw-on slit diaphragmfor measurements with a higher local resolution. A second diaphragm, that slides onto the firstone, can be used to alter the entrance aperture in a variable fashion. Thereby it is possible to measure high light intensities without reaching the saturation level of the amplifier.
Spectral range 390 nm…1150 nmMaximum sensitivity at 900 nmBand width DC...65 kHzDiameter of lens aperture approx. 8mmDiaphragm slit aperture max.0.3 mm x 10 mm; min. 0.3 mm x 0.3mm
Control unit for Si-Photodetector � 08735.99
In connection with the Si-Photodetector 08735.00 it serves for photometric measurements of lowdirect- or alternating light signals. It is especially useful for photometric measurements in LDA andfibre optics experiments.It supplies the working voltage for the Si- Photodetector 08735.00. As outputs it offers a monitorsignal, a variable gain output for alternating light signals and an output that is filtered via a band-pass filter (200 Hz…10kHz). The latter output is recommended when low frequency noise (e.g.fluorescent lamps) as well as noise of high frequency has to be suppressed in the light signal.
Input terminal for: Si-Photodetector 08735.00Output, 1 DC…60 kHz, amplification 1 (monitor)Output, 2 AC; 10Hz…60 kHz, amplification 1…10Output, 3 AC; 200Hz…10 kHz, amplification 1…10External power supply 110 VAC…240 VAC, 50/60 Hz
Universal power supply for He-Ne-laser 08701.99
This power supply is suited for He-Ne-laser tubes in the output power range of 0.5…10 mW. Theoutput current of this unit can be varied continuously from 3…10 mA. The value of this current isshown on a digital display. The connection to the laser tubes is made via a high voltage connector.
Power supply 100 V…240 V, AC, 50/60 HzIgnition voltage max. 12 kVWorking voltage max. 4 kVCurrrent output continuous, 3…10 mA
Laser and Accessories
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Class 3B Laser
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34 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
Laser and Accessories
Danger sign “Laser” 06542.00glass fibre reinforced plastic, 315×220 mm, on a stem, d = 10 mm
Recommended accessories:»PASS« barrel base 02006.55
Protection glasses, 10.6 micrometer (CO2-laser) � 08581.00Protection glasses for He-Ne-laser � 08581.10He-Ne-laser alignment glasses (no picture) 08581.11Protection glasses for Nd:YAG-laser � 08581.20
These laser goggles protect the eyes of the user against scattered light and diffuse reflection of alaser beam. All persons staying in the danger zone of laser radiation must have an appropriate eyeprotection. Before using the goggles you always have to make sure that the laser goggle is suitablefor the intended laser radiation.
Diode Laser 0.2/1.0 mW 08760.99
The PHYWE diode laser is particulary suitable as a light source for interference and diffraction ex-periments. Apart from its compact design it is distinguished by its unbeatable price which makesit a cost-effective alternative to traditional He-Ne-gas lasers.
The diode laser complies which the technical requirements of DIN 60825-1, laser class 2. It isequipped with a key switch, an indicator diode indicating the operating status and an electronicshutter to limit the laser output. It is therefore approved for being used at schools. It comes sup-plied with a support rod (length 180 mm, diameter 10 mm), a power supply unit, an instructionmanual and several test records.
Laser, helium-neon, 0.2/1.0 mW 08180.93linearly polarised light source, very short design. Welded glass tube assures a very long lifetime >18 000 operating hours. Key switch and integrated grey filter to reduce radiation power to 0.2 mW. Screw-in release to deactivate the grey filter.
Anodised aluminium casing with integrated mains power supply, screw-in holding stem, signal lightand required warnings printed on both sides. Fixed mains connecting cable 140 cm.
wavelength 632.8 nmoptical output power
without filter 1.0 mWwith filter 0.2 mW
beam diameter 0.5 mmbeam divergence < 2 mrad.minimum polarisation 500:1max. drift over 8 hours ± 2.5%oscillating mode TEM00lifetime > 18000 hpower requirements 35 VAconnecting voltage 230 V, 50…60 HzFurther connecting voltages on request dimensions (mm) 210×80×40stem diameter 10 mmdistance between middle of beam 180 mmand end of stem
Laser, helium-neon, 1.0 mW 08181.93same design as 08180.93, but without grey filter.
Green Laser 0.2/1 mW; 532 nm 08762.99
Diode-pumped frequency-doubled yttrium vanadate solid-state laser (Nd:YVO4)
Since the human eye is particular sensitive to green light, the beam of this laser is a lot better vis-ible than a red laser with the same output power. Dimensions and the other features correspondto the Diode Laser 08760.99
Laser Class 2Wavelength 532 nmPower output 1 mW/0.2 mWDimensions length 15 cm/∅ 3,5 cm
Including power supply (110 - 230) VACTwo holding rods length 15 cm/8.5 cm, ∅ 10 mm
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Class 2 Laser
Class 2 Laser
Class 2 Laser
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 34
35PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 Göttingen Advanced Optics and Laser Physics
Index
AAmplitude holograms 25, 26
Analyser 13
BBabinet’s theorem 10
Birefraction 6
Bragg reflection 25
Brewster angle 6, 7
CCO2-laser 8
Coherence of light 27
Coherence 9, 10, 11, 16, 26
Coherent light 12
Collision of second type 6
DDebye-Sears-effect 23
Developing of film 25, 26, 27
Diffraction index 17, 18, 19, 2021, 22
Diffraction 9, 10, 25, 26
Doppler effect 18, 24
Double refraction 13, 14
EElectric discharge 7
Electromagnetism 15
Electronic oscillation 15
Electro-optical modulator 14
FFabry Perot 6, 21, 22
Faraday effect 15
Ferromagnetic material 19
Fourier optics 23
Fourier transform 23
Fraunhofer diffraction 9
Fraunhofer diffraction 23
Fraunhofer interference 10
Frequency doubling 8
GGas discharge tube 6
HHe-Ne-laser 6
High- and low-pass filters 24
Hologram 25, 26, 27, 28
Huygens’ principle 9. 10, 23
IIndex of refraction 16, 23
Induced emission 8
Induced/Spontaneous emission 7
Interaction of electromagneticfields 15
Interference at thin layers 12
Interference diffraction 9, 11, 22
Interference 16, 25, 26, 28, 17, 1819, 20, 21, 22, 24
Inversion 6, 8
Inversion/Optical amplification 7
KKerr effect 14
LLaser Doppler Anemometry 24
Lenses 23
Light velocity 11, 16
Linearly, circularly and elliptically polarised light 13
Littrow prism 6
Lorentz transformation 18
MMach-Zehnder-Interferometer 20
Magnetostriction 19
Malus' law 13, 15
Michelson Interferometer 11, 1617, 18, 19
Modulation of light 14
Molecular vibration, excitation 7
Multibeam interferometer 21
Multiple beam interference 10
NNd-YAG-laser 7
Newton's colour glass 12
Newton’s rings 12
OObject beam 25, 26
Object/Reference beam 27
Optical anisotropy 14
Optical axis 13
Optical path length 28
Optical pumping 8
Optical resonator 7, 8
Ordinary and extraordinarybeam 13
PPath difference 12
Phase conjugation 22
Phase difference 23
Phase holograms 25, 26
Phase relation 12
Phase 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 2021, 22
Phase/Amplitude holograms 27
Plane of polarisation 13
Polarisation of light 14
Polarisation 7, 8, 13, 15
Polarizer 13
RReal and virtual image 25, 26, 27
Reference beam 25, 26
Refraction index 11, 16, 28
Relaxation 8
Resonator cavity 6
Resonator modes 8
SSampling theorem 24
Scattering of light bysmallparticles (Mie scattering) 24
Special relativity theory 18
Spectral power density 24
Spectrum of emission 7
Speed of light 17, 18, 19, 2021, 22
Spin-orbit coupling 19
Spontaeous emission 8
Spontaneous andstimulated light emission 6
TTemporal coherence 18
Transverse and longitudinalresonator modes 6
Turbulence 24
Two-beam interferometer 22
VVerdet’s constant 15
Vibration/Rotation niveau 7
Virtual light source 11, 16, 17, 1819, 20, 21, 22
WWavelength 11, 16, 17, 18, 19
20, 21, 22
Weiss molecular magneticfields 19
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 35
36 PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG · D-37070 GöttingenAdvanced Optics and Laser Physics
How to order
Quantity
Order No.
Please specify thisOrder No. if you wouldlike to order the completeexperiment.
The experiments can be offered or ordered completely or partially, if desired, in accordance with the
comprehensive equipment lists. On request, we will gladly send you detailed experimental descriptions.
You can order the experiments as follows:
� Didactically adap-ted descriptions ofexperiments – easy,direct preparationby the students ispossible
� Comprehensive experiments – cover the entire range of classicaland modern optics
� Developed and proven bypracticians – unproblematical andreliable performance
� Complete equipment offeringmodular experimental set-up –multiple use of individual devices,cost effective and flexible
� Excellent measurement accuracy – results agree with theory
� Computer-assisted experiments –simple, rapid assessement of theresults
Optical base plate in exp. case 08700.01 1He-Ne-laser, 5 mW with holder 08701.00 1Power supply for laser head 5 mW 08702.93 1Magnetic foot for optical base plate 08710.00 6Holder for diaphragm/beam splitter 08719.00 2Sliding device, horizontal 08713.00 1xy shifting device 08714.00 2Adapter ring device 08714.01 1Achromatic objective 20� N.A. 0.45 62174.20 1Pin hole 30 micron 08743.00 1Adjusting support 35�35 mm 08711.00 2Surface mirror 30�30 mm 08711.01 2Surface mirror, large, d = 80 mm 08712.00 1Beam splitter 1/1, non polarizing 08741.00 1Object for holography 08749.00 1Holographic plates, 20 pieces* 08746.00 1
Darkroom equipment for holography 08747.88 1consisting of:Plastic trays, 4 pcs. • Laboratory gloves, medium, 100 pcs. • Traythermometer, offset, +40°C • Roller squeegee • Clamps, 2 pcs. • Filmtongs, 2 pcs. • Darkroom lamp with green filter • Light bulb 230 V/15 W •Funnel • Narrow-necked bottles, 4 pcs.
Set of photographic chemicals 08746.88 1consisting of: Holographic developer • Stop bath •Wetting agent • Laminate • Paint
Bleaching chemicals:Potassium dichromate, 250 g 30102.25 1Sulphuric acid, 95-98%, 500 ml 30219.50 1
*Alternative:Holographic sheet film 08746.01 1Glass plate, 120�120�2mm 64819.00 2
What you need:
Transmission hologram with expansion system P1290400
All additional nessecaryitems are mentioned (e.g. spare parts).
Where applicablealternatives are alsomentioned.
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 36
37
Send to Fax No. (00 49) 5 51 60 41 15or by postor contact our local representative
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
D-37070 GöttingenFederal Republic of Germany
Address of institution
Telephone Fax
Date Signature
Please circle the corresponding experiment numbers
Information / Quotation
Please send detailed descriptions, free of charge
Please send an offer for the following experiments
P2260700 P2260400 P2260900 P1216800 P1216900
P1217100 P1217200 P1217400 P1217600 P1217700
P1218000 P1290200 P1290400 P1290500 P1290900
P1306700 P1307000 P1307100 P1307500 P1307700
P1307800 P2261200 P1308000
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 37
38
Send to Fax No. (00 49) 5 51 60 41 15or by postor contact our local representative
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
D-37070 GöttingenFederal Republic of Germany
Address of institution
Telephone Fax
Date Signature
Equipment Article-No. Quantity
Information / Quotation
Please send an offer for the following equipment
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 38
PHYSICS – CHEMISTRY – BIOLOGY
The comprehensive catalogue for physics, chemistry
and biology. Additionally you can find a large number of
laboratory materials and an insight in our particularly
successful teaching systems TESS, Cobra3 and
Natural Sciences on the board.
Available in English and Spanish.
Laboratory Experiments
The experiments in the Phywe publication series “Laboratory Experiments”
are intended for the heads of laboratories,
colleges of advanced technology, technical
colleges and similar institutions and also
for advanced courses in high schools.
Laboratory Experiments is
also available on CD-ROM.
Available in English.
Special brochures
Additionally there are special brochu-
res for our particularly successful
teaching systems TESS (available in
German, English, French and Spanish),
Cobra3 (available in German, English)
and Natural Sciences on the board
(available in German, English).
– catalogues, brochures and more…
PHYSICS · CHEMISTRY · BIOLOGY
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:41 Uhr Seite 39
12.06.05 Order No. 00117.02
PHYWE SYSTEME GmbH & Co. KGRobert-Bosch-Breite 10
D-37079 GöttingenGermany
phone: ++49/551/604-0fax: ++49/551/604-115
int.sales@ phywe.comwww.phywe.com
Laserphysik_07 12.12.2006 12:58 Uhr Seite 40