Name: Ihsanul Irfan

Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Dynamics: Activity 7: Compensation in Pathological Cardiovascular Conditions Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz ResultsYou scored 75% by answering 3 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following could cause an increase in peripheral resistance in the blood vessel?You correctly answered: b. atherosclerosis

2. Which structures in the heart ensure that one-way flow occurs?You correctly answered: d. valves

3. Which of the following might be seen in both the diseased heart and the athlete's heart?You correctly answered: c. thicker myocardium

4. The type of resistance increased in aortic valve stenosis isYour answer : b. increased left-ventricular preload.Correct answer: d. increased left-ventricular afterload.

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Experiment ResultsPredict Question:Predict Question 1: You will now test three mechanisms to compensate for the decrease in flow rate caused by thedecreased flow tube radius. Which mechanism do you think will have the greatest compensatory effect?Your answer : b. increasing the pump's pressure

Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen if the pump pressure and the beaker pressure are the same?Your answer : c. Flow will stop.

Stop & Think Questions:Narrowing of the right flow tube radius simulatesYour answer : d. pulmonary valve stenosis.Correct answer: c. aortic valve stenosis.

What does increasing the pump pressure correspond to in the human heart?Your answer : c. increasing viscosityCorrect answer: d. increasing the force of contraction

What does decreasing the right (destination) beaker correspond to in the human heart?You correctly answered: b. decreasing afterload

Experiment Data:

Condition Flow Rad. L Rad. R Str. V Rate Press. L Press. Dif. RNormal 5086.8 3.0 3.0 70 72.7 40 40

Aortic stenosis 3310.0 3.0 2.5 70 47.3 40 40Increased preload 3892.9 3.5 2.5 70 55.6 40 40Increased preload 4256.7 4.0 2.5 70 60.8 40 40Increased preload 4479.5 4.5 2.5 70 64.0 40 40

Increased contractility 3826.3 3.0 2.5 70 54.7 40 50Increased contractility 4270.3 3.0 2.5 70 61.0 40 60Decreased contractility 4656.3 3.0 2.5 70 66.5 40 70Decreased afterload 3826.3 3.0 2.5 70 54.7 40 80Decreased afterload 4270.3 3.0 2.5 70 61.0 40 60Decreased afterload 4656.3 3.0 2.5 70 66.5 40 70

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Post-lab Quiz ResultsYou scored 75% by answering 3 out of 4 questions correctly.

1. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms was not tested?You correctly answered: c. decreasing the pressure in the left (source) beaker

2. In an actual heart, what is the most logical way to compensate for a decrease in flow tube radius?You correctly answered: b. adjust the force of contraction of the heart

3. Without a difference in pressure between the pump and the destination beakerYou correctly answered: a. the valve will not open.

4. Athletes experience an overall __________ in peripheral resistance, so the heart generates __________ pressure todeliver the same amount of blood. An athlete's arterial pressure would likely be __________ than that in a non-athlete.Your answer: b. increase, more, higherCorrect answer: d. decrease, less, lower

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Review Sheet Results1. Explain how the heart could compensate for changes in peripheral resistance.You did not answer this question.

2. Which mechanism had the greatest compensatory effect? How well did the results compare with your prediction?You did not answer this question.

3. Explain what happened when the pump pressure and the beaker pressure were the same. How well did the resultscompare with your prediction?You did not answer this question.

4. Explain whether it would be better to adjust heart rate or blood vessel diameter to achieve blood flow changes at a locallevel (for example, in just the digestive system).You did not answer this question.