physical separation techniques...physical separation techniques. filtration separates a liquid from...

Physical Separation Techniques

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PhysicalSeparationTechniques

Filtrationseparatesaliquidfroma

solidmixture

Zumdahl,Zumdahl,DeCoste,WorldofChemistry 2002,page40

Mixtureofsolidandliquid Stirring

rod

Filtrate(liquidcomponentofthemixture)

Filterpapertrapssolid

Funnel

Page 3: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Page 4: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Evaporation

• Usedtoseparateasolidandaliquidsolution• Liquidisevaporatedawayleavinganydissolvedsolids

• Commoninproducingseasalt

Page 5: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Distillation

• Usedtoseparatetwoormoreliquidsoraliquidandadissolvedsolid

• Basedoffthefacttheliquidshavedifferentvapour pressures(boilingpoints)

• Commoninmakingspiritsandintheoilandgasindustry

Page 6: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

ADistillationApparatus

liquidwithasoliddissolvedinit

thermometer

condenser

tube

distillingflask

pureliquid

receivingflaskhoseconnectedto

coldwaterfaucetDorin,Demmin,Gabel,ChemistryTheStudyofMatter ,3rd Edition,1990,page282

Page 7: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Page 8: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

SolventExtraction

• Canbeusedtopreferentiallydissolveasolidintoaliquid

• Ortoremoveadissolvedsolidfromaliquid• Requiresimmiscibleliquids• Verycommoninmetalproductionandrefinement

Page 9: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

SolventExtraction

Page 10: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Recrystalization

• Verymuchlikeevaporation• Thesolventisnevercompletelyevaporatedaway

• Ideaistokeeptheimpuritiesinsolutionwhileonlythedesiredcompoundcrystalsout

• Usedtoproduceaverypurecrystal

Page 11: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

GravitySeparation

• Anymixturemadeofdifferingdensitiescanbeseparatedwithgravity

• Examplesareacentrifugeoracycloneinabagless vacuumcleaner

Page 12: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

Page 13: Physical Separation Techniques...Physical Separation Techniques. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid mixture Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry2002, page 40 Mixture

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