matter and measurement introduction. matter substance mixture element matter compound homo- geneous...
DESCRIPTION
Anything that occupies space (has volume) and has massTRANSCRIPT
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Matter And
Measurement
INTRODUCTION
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MATTER
Substance Mixture
Element
Compound
Homo-geneousMixture
Hetero-geneousMixture
Physical Separation
Chemical Separation
Classification of Matter
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Anything that occupies space (has volume) and has mass
MATTER
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Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Substances have distinctive characteristic (identifying) physical & chemical properties
Elements & compounds are substances
PURES
BSTANCE
H2O
CO2
NaCl
Al O2
C12H22O11
examples
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A substance that can not be broken down to simpler substances by chemical means
Most elements are composed of individual atoms (some elements are composed of groups of identical atoms).
ELEMENT
O2
Cu
Na
AlH2
examples
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A substance composed of two or more elements
A compound can be broken down (decomposed) by chemical means
In compounds, elements are chemically bonded
COMPOUND
C12H22O11
H2OCO2
examples
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A physical blend of two or more substancesM
IXTURE
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture which is uniform and has a single phase (single state); also called a solution
A mixture which is NOT uniform and usually has more than one phase
example example
Salt & WaterSand & WaterSand & SaltSand alone
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MIXTURE (Example Saltwater)
Physical blend of substancesPhysical properties of mixture are the same properties of its componentsComponents combine in any ratioSeparation is by physical process
Chemical combination (bonding) of 2 or more elementsPhysical properties of compounds are unique & different from properties of its elementsComponents (elements) combine in a definite ratioSeparation (decomposition) is a chemical process
Comparison of Mixture & Compound
COMPOUND(Example Water)
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Mixture CompoundH2 (g) and O2 (g)Hydrogen Gas +
Oxygen Gas
H2O (g)Water Vapor (steam)
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Extensive properties
Intensive properties
VolumeMass
Energy Content (think Calories!)
: depend on the amount of matter that is present.
: do not depend on the amount of matter present.Melting point
Boiling pointDensity
Properties of Matter
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
SaltSalt Water
Air Soil Blood
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CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Sand
Water
Concrete Iron
Brass (copper & zinc)
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PHYSICAL changes
Will alter a substance without changing its composition
Are frequently reversible
Properties or characteristics do not change
Will alter a substance by changing its composition
Are not frequently reversible
New substances formed have new properties or characteristics
Substances can be altered by Physical Changes or Chemical Changes
CHEMICAL changes
Exampl
es
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PHYSICAL changes
DissolvingEvaporatingFreezing
Sodium + chlorine NaClsilver metal gas salty taste, white,
H2O solubleexplosive in water “green” color non flammabletoxic toxic non toxic
CHEMICAL changes
Examples
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CHEMICAL CHANGE
In every chemical reaction, one or more of the following can be observed
When a chemical reaction occurs, one or more
substances is changed into new substances
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Indi
cato
rs o
f a
Che
mic
al
Rea
ctio
n
Change in temperature
Change in color
Change in odor
Formation of a gas
Formation of a solid precipitateM
any
chem
ical
rea
ctio
nsar
e N
OT
reve
rsib
le
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Classify each process as being a physical change only OR a process that also
involves a chemical change (chemical
reaction)
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Boiling
Decomposing Dissolving
Baking
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Three Phases
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Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positionsGas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one anotherPlasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.
Phase Differences