Physical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties a property that can be determined without

changing the composition of the substance Examples: colour, odor, density, melting point,

boiling point

We have studied how to find the density of matter.

As you know, the equation for density is:density = mass (grams)

volume (mL or cm3)

mass = density x volume

volume = mass

density

The following is a list of other ways of telling one form of matter from another.

ductility: The property displayed by certain

metals that enables them to be drawn out into wires without breaking

malleability: The property displayed by certain metals that enables them to be hammered, rolled out, shaped, etc. without breaking

hardness: The property of an object that resists being crushed or deformed

brittleness: The property of an object that can easily be broken or crushed into smaller pieces under low pressure

conductivity: The property of metals, some metalloids, and ionic solutions that allow an electric current to pass through them

state or phase: form – gas, liquid, solid – in which matter is found

solubility: The property of a substance that allows it to dissolve

melting point: The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

Compressibility – the property of a substance that allows it to be compressed

Diffusion- The movement of one substance through another

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Chemical Properties of Matter

Chemical Properties:A property of a substance that is observed

when the substance undergoes a change in composition

active: reacts vigorously with other materials inactive: does not react readily with other

materials inert: do not react under normal or ordinary

conditions

Changes in Matter

Now that we have learned the fine points about physical and chemical properties, we are going to look at two kinds of changes – physical changes and chemical changes.

Physical Changes: refers to a change in appearance not

chemical composition of the substance

Examples: phase changes (s-> l -> g), crushing, grinding, dissolving (solubility)

Is tearing a piece of paper a physical change? YES

Why or why not? the composition of the matter does not

change. It is a change in appearance only.

Is solid water (ice) changing into liquid water a physical change? YES

Why or why not? the composition of the matter does not

change. It is a change in appearance only.

Chemical Changes refers to a change in the composition of the

matter......a new substance is formed

Examples: rusting of iron , combustion of a candle, burning of gasoline to run a car

Key signs that you can look for to determine whether or not a chemical change has occurred.1. A gas is given off (BUBBLES) but not boiling

2. A precipitate (insoluble solid) is produced..... appears cloudy

3. Water is produced ..... Cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink

4. A color change could indicate a chemical change but also may indicate only a physical one

5. A temperature change may indicate a chemical change but can also indicate a physical one

STATES OF MATTER.

3 States of Matter:

1) Solid

2) Liquid

3) Gas

Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Definite Shape Takes shape of its container

Takes the shape of its container

Density Definite Volume Definite Volume Takes the volume of its container

Compressibility Not easily compressed

Not Easily Compressed

Easily compressed

Diffusion Does not easily diffuse

Easily diffuses Diffuses very easily

THE 4th STATE OF MATTER

WHAT????? PLASMA

-defined as a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons

-Temperatures and densities range from relatively cool, less dense to hot and very dense

Plasma Cont’d

On Earth , this mixture can only be created at very high temperatures in a lab, then carefully contained for use in objects like plasma TV’s

The universe is made up of 99% plasma