Physical properties

Physical property: a property that can be observed without

changing the identity of the substance.

Science Starter Week 5

• Explain the difference between weight and mass.

Examples of physical properties

-Color -state of matter-Size -ductility-Shape -density-Odor -malleability-Mass -thermal conductivity-Volume-Magnetism-solubility

malleability:

• the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet

ductility:

• the ability to be stretched into a wire

5 states of matter

• Solid• Liquid• Gas• Plasma• Bose-Einstien condensate

States of matter

States of matter - solids• definite volume • Definite shape. • packed close together (very dense)• movement is very small and cannot

be observed under ordinary conditions.

• examples:

States of matter - liquid• definite volume• take the shape of their container. • particles touch and move around. • densities of liquid will be close to that of a solid (dense)• molecules can move by flowing• examples:

States of matter - gas• no definite volume • No definite shape• spread out indefinitely or take

the shape of their container. • low density• Examples:

States of matter – plasma• Plasma is super charged gases• Plasmas are the most common state of matter in

the universe comprising more than 99% of our visible universe and most of that not visible.

• occurring in the sun, flames, lightning and the auroras

• Very very low density

States of matter – Bose-Einstein condensate

• can be thought of as the opposite of a plasma. • It occurs at ultra-low temperature, close to the

point that the atoms are not moving at all. • gaseous superfluid phase formed by atoms

cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero

• phenomenon was predicted in the 1920s by Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein

Melting point:

• the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure

water = 0oC 32F

Boiling point:

• the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure

water = 100oC 212F

specific heat

solubility

Density

• Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume.

• Density can be used to identify a substance.

• The density of water is 1.0g/mL

Density Calculations

• Calculations:D = m/V = g/mL = g/cm3

• Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water?

Mass = 2.8 g Volume = 3.67 mLD = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL

– This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).

More Density Calculations

• Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance.

Substance Density (g/ mL)

Mercury 13.6

Water 1.00

Ethanol 0.81

M=25.6 g V=31.6 mL

D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL

D= 0.81 g/mL

The substance is ethanol.

Physical changes