physical inputs 1 raw materials, including coal, iron ore/scrap iron and steel, and limestone
DESCRIPTION
3. 3 How has the location of the iron and steel industry in China changed over time?. Molten iron. Finished products (example) 1 Steel tubes and pipes 2 Steel sheets. Waste 1 Hot water 2 Slag. The manufacturing system of the iron and steel industry. Inputs. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
3.3.33 How has the location of How has the location of the iron and steel the iron and steel industry in China industry in China changed over time? changed over time?
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Physical inputs1 Raw materials, including coal, iron ore/scrap iron and steel, and limestone2 Land
Cultural inputs1 Power supply2 Capital3 Labour4 Technology5 Transport6 Government policies7 Management8 Market
Inputs
Finished products(example)1 Steel tubes and pipes2 Steel sheets
Waste1 Hot water2 SlagMarketCash
Outputs
Manufacturing processes
The manufacturing system of the iron and steel industry
Molten iron
Iron ore/scrap iron and steel, coal and limestone
Slag
Iron making Steel making CastingRolling and
shaping
Molten iron
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
What are the factors affecting the location of iron and steel works?
Socio-economic factors
• Government policies (offering grants and subsidies)• Large capital• Agglomeration (able to benefit from agglomeration economies)• Advanced technology and innovation, dependent on automation
Site factors
• Extensive flat land• Communication systems: By rail or by sea
Operation factors
• Raw materials: Iron ore/scrap iron and steel, coal and limestone• Power: A large amount of coal• Skilled labour• Market: Large cities and industrial centres• Management• Clients (industries that use steel products)
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
The iron and steel industry is known as ‘the backbone of all industry’ as it provides basic _____________ for many other industries.
raw materials
How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
Iron and steel industry is very
important to China.
Do you know what China’s rank in the world is in terms of steel production?
A pile of steel bars
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
World total: 1,344 million tonnes
China is the largest steel producer and consumer in the
world. In 2007, it makes up about _____% of the global crude steel
production.36
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
Before the 1980s, the production of crude steel was growing
very slowly.
After the 1980s, the growth has been
speeding up.
In the 2000s, fast growth has taken
place.
Crude steel production in China, 1955-2007
Source: China Statistical Yearbooks
Why do such changes occur?
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
After decades of development, large numbers of iron and steel plants have been scattered over the country
Many of the iron and steel firms are ( small / big ) and ( efficient / inefficient )
Major iron and steel centres in China
After several rounds of merging and regrouping, five major iron and steel centres have developed
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
How has the location of China’s iron and steel industry changed over time?
Since the 1950s, there have been two stages of development in the iron and steel industry
in China.
Stage 1:Inland shift of industries
(early 1950s to late 1970s)
Stage 2:Economic reform period
(1980s and the early 2000s)
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Why do some iron and steel plants remain in their original locations?
Have you noticed which major iron and steel centre thrives
throughout the period from the
1950s to present?
________ in Liaoning.Angang
Why does Angang continue to operate at the same l
ocation?
Reasons:Building an iron and steel works is costly.It would be a waste if the plant does not operate.
Closing down the plant would cause unemployment and ( lower / higher ) tax revenue in the region.
It would adversely affect other related industries.
Industrial _______inertia
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
How has the location of China’s iron and steel industry changed over time?To conclude …
Will there be further changes in
the location factors of the iron
and steel industry?
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
The influence of the _______________ has become more important.
Local governments have tried to provide favourable policies to the iron and steel enterprises. They also help the enterprises in loaning and funding, land renting approvals and taxes.
During the two stages in the development of
the iron and steel industry, the influence
of the central government has been
dominant.
economic market
Will there be further changes in the location factors?1 Government policies
However, in recent years, the central
control on industrial policies and planning
has been reduced.
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Will there be further changes in the location factors?2 Raw materials and power
The production of iron ore and coal cannot meet the rapid growth of the industry.China has to rely on imported iron ore and coal because of shortage of raw materials and power.Shortage of power has caused temporary blackouts in many areas in east China.
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Rail transport
Will there be further changes in the location factors?3 Transport
Low railway capacity has resulted in imported iron ore piling up in the
main harbours.
(Credit: Panorama Stock Photo Co. Ltd.)
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
All of the major iron and steel centres are located at or north of the Chang
Jiang
Places south of the Chang Jiang are
undergoing a fast pace of economic development
Will there be further changes in the location factors?3 Transport
Transporting iron and steel products requires high transport costs
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
As economic development in Central and West China increases, there will be increasing demand for iron and steel products in these regions.
Will there be further changes in the location factors?4 Market
Lanzhou, Gansu Province, a city in Central China(Credit: Tsui Chung Pong David)
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Will there be further changes in the location factors?5 Environmental concerns
Coal is an important power resource for the iron and steel industry. Burning coal causes ____ pollution which, in turn leads to smog, acid rain and reduced visibility. It also emits carbon dioxide which intensifies ________________.
The iron and steel industry is also the most serious source of ______ and _____________ pollution.
air
greenhouse effect
watersolid waste
An iron and steel works in China
The emission of dust from the iron and steel industry
took up 15% of the total volume in China in 2007.
(Credit: Nie Ming/FOTOE)
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Will there be further changes in the location factors?5 Environmental concerns
The present and new location of production plants of Shougang
Beijing
Caofeidian
The air pollution caused by Shougang in Beijing is so serious that the central government has de
cided to move the production plant away.
What are the location advantages of Ca
ofeidian?
Caofeidiana deep, frost-free and silt-free harbour near large ports such
as Tianjin
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Will there be further changes in the location factors?
To conclude, what are the location factors affecting the future location of the iron and steel industry?
A location which is:• close to markets;
• with good transport networks;
• far away from the densely-populated urban
areas.
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 1: Inland shift of industries (early 1950s to late 1970s)
What were the major location factors of the iron and steel industry in China
during this period? Why?
CoalfieldsMajor coal mines
Iron oreMajor iron and steel worksOther iron and steel works
Anshan
1950sIn this period, iron and steel works were mainly concentrated in the north-east, for example, _________.Anshan
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 1: Inland shift of industries (early 1950s to late 1970s)
CoalfieldsMajor coal mines
Iron oreMajor iron and steel worksOther iron and steel works
Anshan
1970sHow did the
distribution of the iron and steel works
change during this period?
Inland shift to the Central ...
… and even to the West, e.g. Ürümqi
Can you give any examples of major iron and steel centres found in the Cent
ral?Baotou
Taiyuan
WuhanPanzhihua
What were the major location factors of the iron and steel
industry in China in the
1970s?
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 1: Inland shift of industries (early 1950s to late 1970s)Government policies played a major role on the inland shift of the iron and steel industry.
1 Strategic reasons:The central government realized that the major threat of war was from Japan and the USA. Factories in the coastal areas could be easily attacked
Moving the industries into the inland to safeguard them
2 Economic reasons:Raw materials: iron ore and limestonePower resources: coal
Locating near to iron ore fields: _______ _________-oriented
Locating near to coal mines: _________-
oriented
rawmaterial
power
Heavy and bulky
To lower transport
costs
3 Social reasons:To achieve a more balanced economic development throughout the whole country Inland shift of
industriesTo relieve the problem of ______________ in the coastal regionsoverpopulation
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 1: Inland shift of industries (early 1950s to late 1970s)
Most iron and steel plants are owned by the _______. Their
locations have been subject to the changing priorities of the
________-planned economy during different periods.
state
state
Government policy is a particularly important location factor in China not only in this
period but also in the later period. Do you know why?
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Shanghai
BeijingAnshan
1970sEarly 2000s
Wuhan
Stage 2: Economic reform period (1980s to the early 2000s)
How does the distribution of iron
and steel works change during this
period?
There is a general shift to the ________
regions.coastal
Can you name some of the major iron and steel centr
es?
What are the major location factors of the iron and steel industry in China
nowadays?
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 2: Economic reform period (1980s to the early 2000s)1 Government policies
Have some regions
developed first!
Deng Xiao-ping
In 1978, Deng Xiao-ping adopted the _______ policy.open
Economic development has been concentrated in ________ areascoastal
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Use of new furnaces
Use of bulk carriers and better railway transport
Less coal and iron ore are used
The location importance of _________________ and _____________ decreases
The location importance of ________ and __________ _________ increases
raw materialspower resources
market
Lower transport costs of power resources and raw materials
coastal
Stage 2: Economic reform period (1980s to the early 2000s)2 Technological advancements
location
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
N
km
Dense rail
networks
Good port facilities (Shekou Port, Shenzhen)
Main railway lineLine under constructionRailway junction/Terminus
These facilities enable the easy ______ of raw materials and easy _______ of finished goods.
import
export
3 Favourable location factors in coastal regionsA Well-developed infrastructure in coastal regions
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
3 Favourable location factors in coastal regionsB Existence of industrial centres
What other favourable location factors do coastal regions h
ave?( Small / Big ) markets
_______________economies
Agglomeration
Abundant supply of__________ labourskilled
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
___________flat land
Extensive
Can get land through______________reclamation
Water for_________cooling
3 Favourable location factors in coastal regionsC Sufficient supply of cooling water and extensive flat land
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Part 3 Changing industrial location─How and why does it change over space and time?
Stage 2: Economic reform period (1980s to the early 2000s)4 Problems of inland areas
( Gentle / Rugged )
relief
Problems in the inland areas discourage industrial
development.
Far away from major markets
Poor transport networks and ( low / high ) accessibility
( Small / Large )
population
Mainly ( skilled / unskilled ) lab
our
( Mild / Extreme ) climate Uneconomical to
exploit the inferior quality of coal and iron ore
in inland regions