iron & steel and scrap indian minerals...

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IRON & STEEL AND SCRAP

Indian Minerals Yearbook 2015 (Part- II : Metals & Alloys)

54th

Edition


(ADVANCE RELEASE)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF MINES

INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES

Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines,

NAGPUR – 440 001

PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471

PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648

E-MAIL : [email protected] Website: www.ibm.gov.in

March, 2017

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9 Iron & Steel and Scrap

Iron & steel is decidedly the vital component of

a count ry ' s economy and i s cons idered

amongst the driving force of modernisation.

The level of per capita consumption of steel is

treated as one of the important indicators of

soc io-economic deve lopment and l iv ing

standards in any country. Steel continues to

be the foremost engineering material, environment-

friendly and recyclable steel scrap recyling

conserves raw meterial and energy.

The finished steel production in India has

grown from a mere 1.1 million tonnes in 1951 to

92.16 million tonnes in 2014-15. The growth in the

s tee l sec tor in the ea r ly decades a f te r

independence was mainly in the public sector

uni t s . However, fo l lowing the adopt ion of

new economic po l icy and subsequent

deregulation and decontrol of Indian Iron &

Steel Sector, the 1990s witnessed accelerated

growth in the private sector, catapulting its

share of finished steel production from 45% in

1992-93 to 86.1% in 2014-15.

Steel exports from India began in 1964.

Exports in the first five years were mainly the

result of low demand in the domestic Iron and

Steel market. Exports subsequently declined due

to revival of domestic demand. India once again

started exporting steel in 1975 only to witness

slump due to rising domestic demand. Post

liberalisation, a rejuvenation in the steel sector

resulted in large-scale exports of iron and steel.

In 2014-15, India exported 6.23 million tonnes of

steel and 5.59 million tonnes of finished steel,

respectively. Though the country's production

of iron & steel is sufficient to meet the domestic

demand, it imports mainly finished/semi-finished

steel and iron & steel (scrap) to meet requirement

and supply of essential grades.

Liberalisation of the Indian Steel Sector

The Government's new economic policies

have opened up opportunities for expansion of

the Steel Industry. With a view to accelerating

growth in the steel sector, the Government since

1991 has been initiating and implementing a

number of policy measures. These measures have

impacted the Indian steel sector to achieve a

positive growth.

NATIONAL STEEL POLICY-2005

The Nat iona l S tee l Po l icy (NSP) was

announced in 2005 and is presently under review

and Minis t ry o f S tee l has fo rmula ted a

Committee in May, 2012 to review the existing

National Steel Policy 2005.

Further, the new National Steel Policy-2012

is being framed and some of the major objectives

of the draft National Steel Policy 2012 are

enumerated below:

a) To attract investments in Indian steel

sector from both domestic and foreign

sources and facilitate speedy implemen-

tation of investment intentions on board

so far, so as to attain crude steel capacity

level of 300 million tonnes by 2025-26 to

meet the domestic demand fully.

b) To ensure easy availability of vital inputs

and necessary infrastructure to achieve a

projected production level of 275 million

tonnes by 2025-26.

c) To provide greater focus on Research and

Development (R&D) for developing

indigenous technologies, especially for

finding solutions for optimum utilisation

of indigenous resources and mitigating

the concerns of environment and climate

change.

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d) To develop indigenous capabilities of

design, engineering and manufacturing of

critical capital equipment required for

steel production.

e) To encourage production and consump-

tion of value added steel by providing

necessary focus on avai labi l i ty and

product development, especial ly for

(a) meeting the special requirements of

rural India; (b) meet ing the specia l

requirement of auto, power, construction

and shipping sectors; and (c) producing

lighter but stronger steel which helps in

achieving higher energy efficiency in end

applications and also helps in mitigating

the concerns on environment, climate

change and human health.

f) To foster competition at the market place,

discourage cartelisation and encourage

production of quality steel for maximisation

of consumer welfare and for protecting the

interests of common man and the producers

against unfair practices of domestic and

overseas competitors.

g) To ensure sus ta inab le deve lopment

of the industry with minimum possible

displacement of local people and loss to

their l ivel ihoods and with minimum

damage to the environment by adopting

best practices in the production processes

and ensuring adoption of environment

friendly practices by the investors.

h) To become global ly compet i t ive by

achieving efficiency levels at par with

the global standards, especially in areas

such as energy consumption, material

e ff ic iency, qua l i ty o f s tee l , wa te r

consumption, productivity of major iron/

steel making equipment, pollution levels

and CO2

emissions.

STRUCTURE AND ROLE OFINDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY

Ind ia has r i sen to the 3 rd pos i t ion as

largest crude steel producing country in the

world in 2015. The Indian Stee l Indust ry

comprises integrated steel plants in the primary

sector using BF-BOF route of i ron & steel

production. In the primary sector, there are 13

integrated steel plants in the public and private

sectors. In 2014-15, the reported production of hot

metal was 15.4 million tonnes; crude steel 13.9

million tonnes; saleable steel 12.8 million tonnes

respectively by SAIL, a Public Sector Company.

The secondary sector constitutes Electric Arc

Furnace/Induction Furnace, pig iron/sponge iron

units , re-rol l ing units , HR units , CR units ,

galvanised/colour coated units, tin plate units,

wire-drawing units, etc. for producing either semi-

finished or finished steel.

Traditionally, Indian steel industry was

classified into Main Producers and Secondary

Producers. However, with the coming up of larger

capacity steel making units of different process

routes, the classification has been characterised

as ISP (Integrated Steel Plant) Producers. Other

Producers comprise Major Producers in Private

Sector namely, Tata Steel, Essar Steel, JSW Steel,

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd, Bhushan Steel Ltd and

Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd as well as large

number of Mini Steel Plants based on Electric

Furnaces & Energy Optimising Furnaces (EOF).

Besides the steel producing units, there are a large

number of Sponge Iron Plants, Mini Blast Furnace

units, Hot & Cold Rolling Mills & Galvanising/

Colour Coating units which are spread across

the country. India's crude steel capacity and

production in 2014-15 was 109.85 million tonnes,

and 88.98 million tonnes respectively while the

capacity utilisation was 81%.

The structure of the Indian Steel Industry in

2014-15 is given in Table-1. Production of

iron & steel by ISP and others during 2011-12 to

2014-15 is furnished in Table-2 . Production of Iron

& Steel by Public and Private producers during

2010-11 to 2014-15 is furnished in Table-3. The

details on plant-wise capacity and production of

hot metal and crude/liquid steel are given in Table-

4. Table-5 elucidates the production of crude/

liquid steel by BOF and EAF/IF routes. Prices of

steel are provided in Table-6.

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Table – 1 : Structure of the Indian Steel Industry, 2014-15(In million tonnes)

Working Non-working Total ProductionSector Type of units

No. of Annual No. of Annual No. of Annual 2013-14 (R) 2014-15 (P)

units capacity units capacity units capacity

Primary Integrated plants 13 35.55 – – 13 35.55 35.52 37.57(Crude/ (Oxygen route)LiquidSteel)

Secondary Electric Arc 47 25.76 0 0 47 25.76 18.59 23.12Furnace (EAF)Induction Furnace (IF) 1321 33.95 – – 1321 33.95 27.58 28.28

Pig iron >19 +4.83 – – >19 +4.83 7.95 9.69

Sponge iron 324 37.3 NA NA 324 37.3 22.87 24.24

HR (sheets/strips/ plates rerolling units) 1720 30.98 568 4.21 2288 35.19 NA NA

HR steel (sheets, strips, 12 14.39 – – 12 14.39 NA NAplates units)CR Mills (sheets & strips) 65 9.55 – – 65 9.55 7722 7509

Steel wire drawing units 35 0.71 65 0.73 100 1.44 126 140

GP/GC/PVC - coatedsheets/strips 20 5.06 – – 20 5.06 6899 6892

Tin plate 1 0.10 2 0.11 3 0.21 344 354

Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2015-16.

Table – 2 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2011-12 to 2014-15

(In '000 tonnes)

Item/producers 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

I. Pig Iron : Total 5371 6870 7950 9694

Integrated steel Plants 5 0 2 6 7 4 5 5 2 9 2 0

Other Producers 4869 6196 7398 8774

II. Sponge Iron : Total 24971 23006 22872 24243

Gas Based 5166 5166 2683 2354

Coal Based 19805 19066 20189 21889

III. Crude Steel : Total 81694 78416 81694 88979

Integrated steel Plants 40620 32999 44241 46083

Oxygen route 30847 32999 35067 36610

EAF Units 9773 10037 9174 9473

Other Producers 33671 35380 37453 42896

Oxygen route 3 7 9 3 5 0 4 5 5 9 6 1

EAF Units (including ores & MBF/EOF) 9356 9345 9419 13652

Induction Furnaces 23936 25685 27579 28283

IV. Finished Steel for Sale (Alloy/Non-alloy) : Total 75698 81682 87675 92157

Integrated steel Plants 39934 42466 45160 46820

Other Producers 44472 47156 50417 53862

Less: Inter Plant Transfer/Own Consumption 8708 7940 7902 8525

Figures rounded off.

Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, # 2014-15 and 2015-16

EAF: Electric Arc Furnace, MBF: Mini Blast Furnace, EOF: Energy Optimising Furnace.

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Table – 3 : Production of Iron and Steel, 2010-11 to 2014-15(By Sectors)

(In '000 tonnes)

Item/producers 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

I. Pig Iron (for Sale) : Total 5683 5371 6870 7950 9694Public Sector 579 502 674 552 920

(10.2%) (9.3%) (9.8%) (6.9%) (9.5%)

Private Sector 5104 4869 6196 7398 8774(89.8%) (90.7%) (90.2%) (93.1%) (90.5%)

II. Crude/Liquid Steel : Total 70672 74291 78416 81694 88979Public Sector 16996 16477 16482 16777 17205

(24%) (22.2%) (21%) (21.1%) (19.3%)

Private Sector 53676 57814 61934 64916 71774(76%) (77.8%) (79%) (79%) (80.7%)

III. Finished Steel for Sale (Alloy/Non-alloy): Total 68620 75698 81681 87675 92157Public Sector 13249 12523 12818 13439 12832

(19.3%) (16.5%) (15.7%) (15.3%) (13.9%)

Private Sector 55371 63175 68863 74236 79325(80.7%) (83.5%) (84.3%) (84.7%) (86.1%)

Figures rounded off.Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, # 2014-15 and 2015-16.

Table – 4 : Capacity and Production of Hot Metal and Crude/Liquid Steel, 2013-14 and 2014-15

(By Principal Producers)(In '000 tonnes)

Annual installed capacity Production

Hot metal Crude/Liquid Hot metal Crude/Liquid steel

Unit steel

2013-14 2014-15 2013-14 2014-15

Public Sector

Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 4585 4360 4100 4253 3776 3831

Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 4700 3925 5377 5072 5136 4807

Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 2120 4400 2538 3157 2291 2792

Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 2088 1802 2191 2297 2019 2063

IISCO Steel Plant, Burnpur (West Bengal) 550 2500 220 566 127 141

Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Plant (Karnataka) 205 118 21 68 13 46

Salem Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu) - 180 - - 91 125

Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal) - 234 - - 122 104

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) 3400 3000 3769 3780 3202 3296

IDCOL Kalinga Iron Works Ltd (Odisha) 170 - - - - -

Private Sector

JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) NA 10000 NA NA 9257 10178

Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) NA 9700 9898 10164 9155 9331

JSW Steel (Maharashtra) 2000 5000 NA NA 2971 2958 Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) NA 8540 NA NA 3245 2854

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) 1670 4000 NA NA 2836 3557

Lloyds Steel Industries Ltd (Maharashtra) - 850 NA NA 566 658

Jindal Stainless Ltd - 1800 NA NA 1111 1907

Bhushan Steel Ltd - 5600 - - 1084 2180

Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha) - 2500 - - 1714 1213

Figures rounded off.Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2014-15, 2015-16 and individual plants.

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Table – 5 : Production of Crude/Liquid Steel, 2010-11 to 2014-15

(By Route)

(In ’000 tonnes)

Route/plant 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

All Routes: (A+B) Total 70672 74291 78416 81694 88979

A. Oxygen Route : Total 30646 31226 33349 35522 37571

Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 5 3 2 9 4 9 0 1 5 0 0 8 5 1 3 6 4 8 0 7

Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 1 9 6 1 1 9 1 4 2 0 3 4 2 0 1 9 2 0 6 3

Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 2 1 6 0 2 1 7 0 2 2 0 9 2 2 9 1 2 7 9 2

Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 3 5 9 2 3 6 4 7 3 7 5 7 3 7 7 6 3 8 3 1

IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) 4 1 1 3 3 0 1 3 5 1 2 7 1 4 1

Salem Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu) - 9 6 7 3 9 1 1 2 5

Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (Karnataka) 1 0 8 9 1 6 4 1 3 4 6

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (RINL, Andhra Pradesh) 3 2 3 5 3 1 2 8 3 0 7 1 3 2 0 2 3 2 9 6

Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) 6 8 5 6 7 1 2 8 8 1 3 0 9 1 5 5 9 3 3 1

JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) 6 5 0 8 7 4 4 2 8 5 1 8 9 2 5 7 10178

Other Oxygen Route 4 8 6 3 7 9 3 5 0 4 5 5 9 6 1

B. Electric Route: Total 40026 43065 45067 46172 51408

Electric Arc Furnace 17085 19129 19382 18593 23125

Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur (West Bengal) 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 0 4

Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) 3 3 9 2 4 3 4 8 4 1 6 3 3 2 4 5 2 8 5 4

JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (Maharashtra) 2 3 7 7 2 4 6 6 2 7 1 1 2 9 7 1 2 9 5 8

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) 2 2 7 0 2 7 5 9 3 0 3 2 2 8 3 6 3 5 5 7

Lloyds Steel Ltd (Maharashtra) 5 5 3 6 2 0 6 0 1 5 6 6 6 5 8

Jindal Stainless Ltd 7 0 3 7 5 2 1 1 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 9 0 7

Bhushan Steel Ltd - - - 1 0 8 4 2 1 8 0

Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd (Odisha) - - - 1 7 1 4 1 2 1 3

Other Electric Arc Furnace Route 7 5 9 0 7 9 8 4 7 6 3 7 4 9 4 4 7 6 9 4

Electric Induction Furnace 22941 23936 25685 27579 28283

Figures rounded off.

Source: Ministry of Steel, Annual Report, 2014-15 and 2015-16..

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Table – 6 : Prices of Steel, 2012-13 to 2014-15

(Domestic Markets)(In ` per tonne)

Grade Marke t 2 0 1 2 - 1 3 2 0 1 3 - 1 4 2 0 1 4 - 1 5

TMT Bars (ISI, 8 mm) Delhi 36 ,741 36 ,806 37 ,427

Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 34 ,407 34 ,502 35 ,538

Channels (75 x 40 mm) " 35 ,214 38 ,302 39 ,588

MS Squares (8 mm) " 35 ,964 36 ,010 36 ,627

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 36 ,835 36 ,862 37 ,427

Melting Scrap " 30 ,421 29 ,423 30 ,044

Induction Ingots " 35 ,024 35 ,506 36 ,708

Blooms (SAIL, 150 mm) Mandi Gobindgarh 39 ,321 37 ,656 38 ,603

Melting Scrap (rolling) " 31 ,314 29 ,188 30 ,156

MS Rounds (10 mm) " 40 ,590 38 ,680 40 ,181

MS Squares (8 mm) " 39 ,988 38 ,637 39 ,855

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 43 ,019 41 ,690 42 ,661

Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 32 ,924 33 ,071 33 ,883

Induction Ingots (round) " 37 ,375 36 ,362 37 ,299

Old Ship Breaking Scrap " 34 ,358 34 ,140 34 ,781

Arc Ingots Mumbai 35 ,217 35 ,908 36 ,123

Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 33 ,034 33 ,185 33 ,998

MS Angles (40 x 6 mm) " 35 ,278 35 ,577 36 ,231


Melting Scrap " 28 ,450 28 ,715 30 ,025

TMT Bars (local 8 mm) " 35 ,253 35 ,467 36 ,080

MS Rounds (8 mm) " 34 ,051 37 ,867 32 ,242

Concast Billet Ingots " 35 ,234 35 ,623 34 ,788

TMT Bars (ISI, 8 mm) Kolka ta 31 ,725 32 ,025 32 ,681

MS Squares (8 mm) " 30 ,338 30 ,272 30 ,831

MS Angles (25 x 3 mm) " 36 ,416 36 ,472 37 ,323

Channels (75 x 40 mm) " 31 ,736 31 ,550 32 ,331

Joists (150 x 75 mm) " 29 ,441 30 ,215 30 ,723


Melting Scrap " 30 ,749 30 ,487 29 ,827

Arc Ingots " 33 ,118 33 ,604 34 ,338

Concast Billet Ingots " 32 ,747 33 ,877 34 ,788

Source: Minerals & Metals Review.

1. Prices include excise duty and sales tax.

2. All rates are monthly averages and indicative.

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Finished Steel

The Indian Steel Industry continued to record

increased production of f inished steel from

60.62 million tonnes in 2009-10 to 92.16 million

tonnes in 2014-15. Finished steel produced

by the steel plants of SAIL in 2014-15 was

9.73 million tonnes. In 2014-15, Visakhapatnam

Stee l P lan t o f Rash t r iya I spa t Nigam Ltd

produced 2.55 million tonnes and Tata Steel

produced 8.97 million tonnes. Total finished steel

produced by ISP-majors, which comprises ESSAR,

Ispat, JSW Steel Limited and JSPL in private sector

was 25.02 million tonnes. Various finished steel

products produced by principal steel plants are

furnished in Table-7.

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

Steel produced in the Secondary Sector is

mostly by recycling of steel scrap using Electric

Arc Furnace (EAF). Presently, there are 47 EAF

based steel plants operational in the country with

an aggregate working capacity of 28.428 million

tonnes per annum. The reported production of steel

ingots/concast billets by EAF units in 2014-15

was estimated at 23.125 million tonnes as against

18.593 million tonnes in 2013-14 (Table-5).

The recent developments in EAF technology,

viz, to increase oxygen consumption, to reduce

power consumption and to reduce tap time have

led to increase in meta l p roduc t ion . The

development of thin slab casting has made EAF

route more productive. This route enables slab

strips rolling at lesser cost, facilitating production

of cheaper strips/sheets than those that can be

achieved through BF/BOF route.

Induction Furnace (IF)

Presently, in India, EAF based industries are

yet to switch over to induction furnace route. An

induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which

heat is generated through electro-magnet ic

induction in an electrically conductive medium.

Induction furnaces use steel melting scraps,

sponge i ron and p ig i ron /cas t i ron . On

an average, the proportion of these items is

40% sponge iron + 10% cast iron or pig iron

and the remaining i s s tee l mel t ing scraps .

Induction furnace has capability to operate on a

charge up to 85% DRI (sponge iron). There are

1,321 induction furnaces with an aggregate

working capacity of 36.79 million tonnes. These

units reported production of about 28.28 million

tonnes steel in 2014-15 as against production of

27.58 million tonnes in 2013-14.

Pig Iron

Pig iron is one of the basic raw materials

required by the foundry & casting industry for

manufacturing various types of castings for the

engineering section. The main sources of pig iron

have traditionally been the integrated steel plants

of SAIL besides plants of Tata Steel Ltd and

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. Domestic production

of pig iron lags behind and is not in tandem with

the demand. Efforts were, therefore, made to

increase pig iron manufacturing facilities in the

secondary sector.

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Table – 7 : Various Finished Steel Products Produced by Principal Steel Plants

Plant Products

Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) Plates, HR coils, HR sheets, CR coils, CR sheets, GP/GC sheets, TMBP.

Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rails & railway materials, wheels and axles, fish plates,

sleeper structurals, bars, rods, TMT bars, skelp, bloom, billets, slabs.

Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) Flat products, bars and rods, plate, HR coil, CR coil, CR sheets,

GP/GC sheets, electrical sheets, electrolytic tin plates, spirally

welded large dimension pipes.

Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) Billets, slabs, rails & railway materials, heavy structurals and squares,

plates, merchant products, wire rods, plates and blooms.

IISCO Steel Plant (West Bengal) Bars & rods, rail & railway materials, foundry & pipes and structural

steel.

Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Stainless steel, tool steel, other alloys & steel, bearing steel, spring

steel, free cutting steel, constructional steel (a) carbon steel,

(b) case hardening steel & (c) heat treatable steel.

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) Steel products in long categories, finished steel (round & square),

wire rods, re-bars, angles (equal & unequal), sections, channels,

beams, saleable billets, flat products, light & medium merchant

products (bars), medium merchant products (structural).

Tata Steel Ltd (Jharkhand) Bars & rods, HR sheets and strips, CR coils, rolled/forged bars &

structurals, plates, GP/GC sheets.

JSW Steel Ltd (Karnataka) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Ispat Industries Ltd (Maharashtra) HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Essar Steel Ltd (Gujarat) Plates, HR sheets, HR coils, CR coils/sheets, GP/GC sheets.

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (Chhattisgarh) Plates, structurals, HR coils, rails & railway materials.

Source: Annual Report of Ministry of Steel, 2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14 and information from individual plants.

As a result of various policy init iatives

taken by the Government, private sector showed

considerable interest in sett ing up new pig

iron units, especially in the post-liberalised period.

This has resulted in drastic change in the

contribution of other producers (private/secondary

sector units) from merely 8% in 1991-92 to about

90.50% by 2014-15. In 2013-14, about 9.69 million

tonnes pig iron was produced. The production of

pig iron by public and private sector plants is

furnished in Table-3. The share of private/secondary

producers in the years 2013-14 and 2014-15 was

around 93.1% and 90.5%, respectively, in spite of

the unprecedented increase in the prices of imported

metallurgical coke that the industry was constrained

with. Location and capacity of principal pig

iron units in private sector are furnished in

Table- 8.

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Table – 8 : Location and Capacity of Principal Pig Iron Units

(In lakh tonnes)

Sl.No. U n i t Locat ion Capacity

1 . Lanco Industries Ltd Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 2 5

2 . Sathavahana Ispat Ltd Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 1 0

3 . Jayaswal NECO Industries Ltd Raipur, Chhattisgarh 7 . 5 0

4 . Sesa Goa Ltd Bicholim, Goa 6.25

5 . Usha Martin Industries Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 1 . 1 0

6 . JSW Steel Ltd Ballari, Karnataka 7 . 2 0

7 . Kalyani Ferrous Industries Ltd Koppal, Karnataka 1 . 2 0

8 . Kirloskar Ferrous Industries Ltd Koppal, Karnataka 2 . 4 0

9 . KIOCL Ltd Mangaluru, Karnataka 2 . 2 7

10 . Usha Ispat Ltd Redi, Maharashtra 3 . 0 0

11 . JSW Ispat Steel Ltd Dolvi, Raigad, Maharashtra 20 .00

12 . Kalinga Iron Works Barbil, Kendujhar, Odisha 1 . 8 0

13 . Kajaria Iron Castings Ltd Durgapur, West Bengal 1 . 1 0

14 . Electrosteel Castings Ltd Khardah, West Bengal 4.00

15 . Tata Metaliks Ltd Kharagpur, West Bengal 3 . 4 5

16. Sona Alloys Pvt. Ltd Satara, Maharashtra 3 . 1 4

17. Aparant Iron & Steel Pvt. Ltd Sanguem, Goa 1 . 5 5

18. Neelaanchal Ispat Nigam Ltd. Jajpur, Odisha 8 . 5 5

Source: Development Commissioner for Iron & Steel, Ministry of Steel, Kolkata and individual plants.

Sponge Iron

India is the largest producer of sponge iron

in the world. Sponge is produced from iron ore by

using non-coking coal. Direct reduced iron (DRI),

called as sponge iron is a metallic material formed

by reduction of iron oxide at temperatures below

the fusion point of iron. Hot briquetted iron (HBI)

is a product obtained after densification process

where the DRI feed material is at temperature more

than 6500C at the time of moulding (hot briquetting)

with density more than 5.0 g/cm3.

During early 1990s, sponge iron industry

was specially promoted to provide an alternative

to steel melting scrap which was increasingly

becoming scarce. The production of sponge iron

during the last four years is given in Table-2.

The installed capacity of sponge iron has also

increased over the years from 1.52 million tonnes

in 1990-91 to currently at 46.23 million tonnes in

2014-15, which includes 3 gas-based units. The

production has risen from 0.9 million tonnes in

1991-92 to about 20.38 million tonnes (source:

Ministry of steel) in 2014-15. Over the years, the

coal- based route has emerged as a key contributor

to overall production; its share has increased from

63% in 2004-05 to 90% in 2014-15. India has been

the world's largest sponge iron producer, since

2003. However, the constraints faced by sponge

iron industry include non-availability of right

grade of iron ore and non-coking coal at affordable

prices.

Produc t ion of the sponge i ron in the

count ry has a l so resu l ted in p rov id ing an

alternative feed material to steel melting scrap

which was hitherto imported in large quantities

by the Electric Arc Furnace units and the Induction

Furnace units for steel making. This has resulted

in a considerable saving in foreign exchange. The

available data on annual installed capacity of

principal sponge iron units are given in Table-9.

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Table – 9 : Capacities of Principal Sponge Iron (DRI) Plants

(In lakh tonnes)

U n i t Locat ion Capacity

Gas-based

Essar Steel Ltd Hazira, Gujarat 6 8 . 0

Welspun Maxsteel Ltd Salav, Raigad, Maharashtra 9 . 0 0

(formerly Vikram Ispat)

JSW Steel Geetapuram, Dolvi, Raigad, Maharashtra 16 .00

(formerly Ispat Industries Ltd)

C o a l - b a s e d

Action Ispat & Power Pvt. Ltd Marakuta & Pandaripathar, Jharsuguda, Odisha 2 . 5 0

Adhunik Metaliks Ltd Chandrihariharpur, Sundergarh, Odisha 1 . 8 0

Alliance Integrated Metallics Ltd Bemta, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 5 . 0 0

Anjani Steel Ltd Ujalpur, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 2

API Ispat Powertech Pvt. Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 5

Beekay Steel & Power Ltd Uliburu, Barbil, Odisha 1 . 0 5

Bhushan Steel & Strips Ltd Meramandali, Dhenkanal, Odisha 2 . 8 0

Bihar Sponge Iron Ltd Chandil, Singhbhum, Jharkhand 2 . 1 0

Crest Steel & Power Pvt. Ltd IGC Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 1 . 1 5

Deepak Steel & Power Ltd Topadihi, Keonjhar, Odisha 1 . 4 4

Gallant Metal Ltd Samakhiali, Kachchh, Gujarat 1 . 7 0

Global Hi-tech Industries Ltd Gandhidham, Gujarat 1 . 0 5

Goa Sponge Iron & Power Ltd Santona, Sanguem, Goa 1 . 0 0

Godawari Power & Ispat Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 4 . 9 5

Goldstar Steel & Alloys Ltd Srirampuram, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 2 . 2 0

Ind Synergy Ltd Kotmar, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 3 . 0 0

Jai Balaji Sponge Ltd Baktarnagar, Raniganj, West Bengal 1 . 0 5

Jai Shri Balaji Steel Pvt. Ltd (HEG Ltd) Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 1 . 2 0

Jayswal Neco Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 5 5

Janki Corporation Ltd Sidiginamola, Ballari, Karnataka 1 . 8 0

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd Kharsia Road, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 3 7

Lloyds Metals & Engineering Ltd Ghuggus, Chandrapur, Maharashtra 2 . 7 0

(Contd.)

9-12


Mastek Steels Pvt. Ltd Holakundi, Ballari, Karnataka 1 . 0 5

MGM Steels Ltd Chintapokhri, Dhenkanal, Odisha 1 . 0 0

Monnet Ispat Energy Ltd Chandkhuri Marg, Hasaud, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 3 . 0 0

Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd Naharpalli, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 5 . 0 0

MSP Steel & Power Ltd Jamgaon, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 9 2

Nalwa Steel & Power Ltd Taraimal, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 9 8

Nova Iron & Steel Ltd Dagori, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 5 0

OCL Iron & Steel Ltd Lamloi, Sundergarh, Odisha 1 . 2 0

Orissa Sponge Iron Ltd Palaspanga, Keonjhar, Odisha 2 . 5 0

Prakash Industries Ltd Champa, Janj-gir-Champa, Chhattisgarh 4 . 5 0

Rungta Mines Ltd Karakola and Kamando, Sundergarh, Odisha 3 . 3 0

Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 0

Scaw Industries Pvt. Ltd Gundichapara, Dhenkanal, Odisha 1 . 0 0

Shivshakti Steel Ltd Chakradharpur, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 0

Shri Bajrang Power & Ispat Ltd Urla, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 0

Shraddha Ispat Pvt. Ltd Santona, Sanguem, Goa 0 . 6 0

Shyam Sel Ltd Dewabdighi, Burdwan, West Bengal 1 . 0 0

Singhal Enterprises Pvt. Ltd Taraimal, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 5 6

Sree Metaliks Ltd Loidapada, Kendujhar, Odisha 1 . 7 4

S.K.S. Ispat & Power Ltd Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 7 0

Sunflag Iron & Steel Co Ltd Bhandara, Maharashtra 1 . 5 0

Sunil Ispat & Power Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 1 . 1 5

Sunil Sponge Iron Ltd Chiraipani, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh 1 . 0 5

Tata Sponge Iron Ltd (Ipitata Sponge) Joda, Kendujhar, Odisha 3 . 9 0

Topworth Steel Pvt. Ltd IGC Borai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 0 . 6 0

Vandana Global Ltd IGC Siltara, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 2 . 1 6

Vallabh Steels Ltd Sahnewal, Ludhiana, Punjab 1 . 2 0

Visa Steels Ltd KIC, Jajpur Road, Odisha 3 . 0 0

Zoom Vallabh Steels Ltd Dughda, Saraikela-Kharswan, Jharkhand 1 . 2 0

I.G.C.: Industrial Growth Centre.

Source: Sponge Iron Manufacturers' Association (SIMA) and individual plants.

Table - 9 (Concld.)

U n i t Locat ion Capacity

9-13


Apparent Consumption of SteelIndia's per capita steel consumption increased

from 51 kg in 2009-10 to 60 kg in 2014-15 and it is

far below the level of other developed and some

of these developing countries. The world and

China average of per capita steel consumption in

2014 is es t imated at 216.6 kg and 510 kg,

respectively.

Apparent consumption of steel is calculated

by taking into consideration with respect to

export of steel, total domestic production and

import of steel in the country. Sometimes, change

in stock is adjusted to arrive at the consumption

figures. It is also treated as the actual domestic

demand of steel in the country. The apparent

consumption of finished steel since 2004-05 is

given in Table-10.

Table – 10 : Domestic Consumption of

Finished Steel(In million tonnes)

Year Consumption

2 0 0 4 - 0 5 36 .38 (9 .84%)

2 0 0 5 - 0 6 41 .43 (13.88%)

2 0 0 6 - 0 7 46 .78 (12.91%)

2 0 0 7 - 0 8 52 .13 (11.41%)

2 0 0 8 - 0 9 52 .35 (0 .42%)

2 0 0 9 - 1 0 59 .34 (13.35%)

2 0 1 0 - 1 1 66 .42 (11.93%)

2 0 1 1 - 1 2 71 .02 (6 .93%)

2 0 1 2 - 1 3 73 .48 (3 .46%)

2 0 1 3 - 1 4 74 .09 (1 .01%)

2 0 1 4 - 1 5 76 .99 (3 .91%)

Source: Annual Report , Ministry of Steel , 2008-09 to

2015-16 .

Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage increase

over the previous year.

The normal demand of steel for infrastructure is

23%, construction 22%, manufacturing 18%,

automobiles 12%, consumer durables 6% and other

sectors 19%. With the ongoing economic

liberalisation resulting in faster economic growth, the

steel consumption is expected to increase rapidly.

With the expansion of capacities in the integrated

plants and installation of new plants, additional

supply of steel in Indian markets has increased

considerably. This has created an intense competition

in the domestic market in the short run.

MODERNISATION &EXPANSION

Modern isa t ion and expans ion works

undertaken by different plants are as follows:

SAIL

Stee l Author i ty o f Ind ia L imi ted has

under taken modernisa t ion expansion of i t s

integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela,

Burnpur and special steel plant at Salem. In the

current phase, the crude steel capacity is being

enhanced from 12.8 million tonnes to 21.4 million

tonnes per annum. The indicative investment for

current phase is about 61,870 crore.

The plant-wise capacity enhancement details

for current phase are given below:

Hot Metal

(In million tonnes)

Plant Name I n s t a l l e d Expans ion

Capac i ty Capac i ty

BSP 4 . 0 8 7 . 5 0

DSP 2 . 0 9 2 . 4 0

RSP 2 . 0 0 4 .5

BSL 4 . 5 9 5 . 7 7

ISP 0 . 8 5 2 . 9 1

VISL 0 . 2 2 0 . 3 3

Total 13 .82 23 .46

Crude Steel

(In million tonnes)

Plant Name I n s t a l l e d Expans ion

Capac i ty Capac i ty

BSP 3 . 9 3 7 . 0 0

DSP 1 . 8 0 2 . 2 0

RSP 1 . 9 0 4 . 2 0

BSL 4 . 3 6 4 . 6 1

ISP 0 . 5 0 2 . 5 0

ASP 0 . 2 3 0 . 4 8

SSP - 0 . 1 8

VISL 0 . 1 2 0 . 2 3

Total 12 .84 21 .40

9-14


The modernisation & expansion of Rourkela

Steel Plant (RPS), IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) and Salem

Steel Plant have been completed by 2015. At IISCO

Steel Plant, Burnpur, India's largest blast furnace

(4160 m3), has been installed. The major facilities

completed under current modernisation and

expansion plan in other plants are :

(a) At Bokaro Steel Plant, all major facilities

like upgraded BF No.2, Coke oven batteries

No.1&2 and new 1.2 MTPA cold rolling mill

became operational.

(b) At Bhilai Steel Plant; new COB-11, ore

handling plant (Part-A);, 2nd sinter machine, 700

tpd ASU for oxygen plant, rebuilding of COB-6

became operational.

(c) At Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) - Rebuilding

the work on installation of a state-of-the-art 3.0

Mtpa strip mill at Rourkela Steel Plant and

modernisation of Bokaro Steel Plant 's steel

melting shop No.1 through installation of modern

basic oxygen furnace and continuous slab caster.

Sail is finalising its Vision-2025 document,

which will steer the company to increase its

production capacity of Hot Metal to 50 MTPA,

along with related/enabling business activities,

in line with growing demand of steel in the

country. This will not only enhance SAIL's

contribution to nation building but will also place

SAIL amongst the top steel companies globally.

Bhilai Steel Plant

Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is India’s sole

producer of rails and heavy steel plates and major

producer of structural products. The plant is the

sole supplier of the country’s longest rail tracks

of 260 metres. With an annual production capacity

of 3.153 MT of saleable steel, the plant also

specialises in other products such as wire rods

and merchant products.

The Board of SAIL has given in principle

approval to the proposal for modernisation

and capacity expansion of Bhilai Steel Plant

to 7.5 million tonnes of hot metal and 7 million

tonnes of crude steel per annum. The proposal

includes: a) Installation of a new blast furnace;

b) A new 7 metre tall coke oven battery and a new

sinter machine; c) Phasing out of ingot route with

100% continuous casting by adding a new steel

mel t ing shop of 4 mi l l ion tpy capac i ty ;

d) Installation of a universal beam mill of 1 million

tpy capacity; e) Addition of a new bar & roll

mill of 0.9 million tpy capacity; f) Installation of a

new universal rail mill of 1.2 million tpy capacity

and g) capacity expansion of plate mill to

1.65 million tpy. The present and future capacities

of hot metal crude steel, etc. is given below.

Present and Future Capacity

(In million tonnes per annum)

I t e m Present rated Capaci ty af ter

capaci ty e x p a n s i o n

Hot metal 4 .080 7 . 5 0

Crude Steel 3 .925 7 . 0 0

Finished steel 2 .620 5 . 8 5

Semis 0 .533 0 . 7 2

Saleable steel 3 .153 6 . 5 6

Bokaro Steel Plant

The hot metal production in 2014-15 was

4.25 million tonnes.

Rourkela Steel Plant

The hot metal production was 3.16 million

tonnes in 2014-15.

Durgapur Steel Plant

DSP's hot metal production was 2.30 million

tonnes in 2014-15.

IISCO Steel Plant

The plant has produced 0.57 million tonnes

hot metal in 2014-15.

9-15


Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd (RINL)

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP) of RINL is

the first shore-based integrated steel plant located

at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The plant

has comple ted expans ion for doubl ing the

capacity from 3 mtpa to 6.3 mtpa. The plant has

been built to match international standards in

design and engineering with state-of-the-art

technology, incorporat ing extensive energy

saving and pollution control measures. RINL is

further implementing modernisation scheme which

would further add one million tonne capacity by

2016-17 taking its overall capacity to 7.3 mtpa by

2017.

Tata Steel Ltd (formerly TISCO)

The company has been rechristened as Tata

Steel Ltd (TSL). The company has an integrated

steel plant located at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, with

annual crude steel making capacity of 9.7 million

tonnes and variety of finishing mills. TSL has

produced 8.96 million tonnes of finished steel in

2014-15 as compared to 8.76 million tonnes in

2013-14. The production of crude steel in 2014-15

was 9.33 million tonnes as against 9.16 million

tonnes in 2013-14.

Setting up of a new integrated steel plant with

12.5 million tonnes capacity in Kalinganagar,

Jajpur, Odisha by TSL is currently underway. The

commercial production is expected to commence

in the second half of the Financial Year 2015-16,

the second phase is likely to be completed by

2018. Government of Odisha has allotted 2000

acres of land for the plant at Kalinganagar. The

company has further plans to set up a 7.0 million

tpy capacity integrated steel plant at Jagdalpur in

Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. In the first phase,

installation of a 2 million tpy capacity plant is

likely to be taken up and it is expected to be

completed in 3 to 5 years. Capacity expansion to

5 million tpy will be undertaken subsequently. The

process of acquiring of land is under progress.

The company also signed an MoU with the

Government of Jharkhand for setting up of a 12

million tonnes per year integrated steel plant at

Saraikela in phases. The above projects are,

however, subjected to raw material linkages and

requisite approvals.

JSW Steel Ltd

JSW Steel Ltd's installed combined capacity

at (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra

plants) of crude steels was of 14.3 million tpy with

value added products constituting 1.8 million tpy

spread ac ross s ix loca t ions ; Toranaga l lu

(Vijayanagar Works), Salem (Salem Works),

Vasind, Tarapur (downstream units), Dolvi and

Kalmeshwar (Maharashtra). Vijayanagar Works

existing operations produce flat and long steel

products, Salem Works focus only in long

products and the downstream units produce CR/

Galvanised, colour coated, value added flat

products. All the existing operating facilities have

been accredited with OHSAS-18001, ISO-9001:

2000 and ISO - 14001. Vijayanagar Works has

integrated operations from beneficiation plant to

1 million tpy Cold Rolling Mill Complex. The Salem

Works has an integrated manufacturing facility

with an overall crude steel capacity of 1 million

tpy, comprising sinter plant, blast furnace, EOF,

bil let caster, bloom caster and roll ing with

associated facilities such as coke oven, power

plant, oxygen plant, etc. The slabs and HR coil

p roduced a t Vi jaynagar Works a re fu r ther

processed in downstream units at Vasind and

Tarapur in to va lue added HR p la tes , CR,

ga lvan ised , ga lva lume and co lour coa ted

products.

The Company has enhanced the total capacity

to 10 million tpy at Vijayanagar Works. Two subsidiaries

of the company - M/s JSW Bengal Steel Ltd and

M/s JSW Jharkhand Steel Ltd are incorporated to

set up greenfield steel plants with 10 million tpy

capacity each in West Bengal and Jharkhand,

respectively. The company is in possession of

required land in West Bengal, while in Jharkhand,

it has obtained a mining lease for iron ore.

9-16


The company is looking forward, Continuous

Annealing Lines (CAL) of 0.95 MTPA, part of the Cold

Rolling Mill Complex No. 2 phase – 1 have been

commissioned during the year and the second CAL of

0.95 MTPA, which is part of phase – 2 is under trial run.

The Company is in the process of commissioning the

Steel Melting Shop No. 3 (SMS-3), comprising the

Electric Arc Furnace along with the Billet Caster of

capacity 1.5 MTPA. Currently, it is under trial run. The

Bar Rod Mill No. 2 of 1.5 MTPA to process the cast

products from SMS-3 is also under trial run. It is expected

to be fully commissioned in FY 2015-16.

The reconstruction of Blast Furnace No. 1 to

increase capacity from 0.9 MTPA to 1.9 MTPA and the

0.2 MTPA Electrical Steel Project at Cold Rolling Mill

No. 1 is expected to be commissioned in FY 2015-16. A

service centre with a capacity of 10,000 tonnes per

month to handle the products of Electrical Steel Complex

at Cold Rolling Mill No. 1 is under construction.

The Vijaynagar works is also the first Indian

p lan t wi th a l a rge sca le , low grade i ron

benef ic ia t ion process . I t s 4 .6 MTPA coke

manufacturing unit is also the largest such facility

in a s ing le loca t ion . The company has a

manufacturing capacity of 9.2 MT of pellets

annually at Vijayanagar. The plants cold rolling

mill-II is India's largest auto-grade steel facility

with a capacity of 2.3 MTPA. The facility has been

set up with aim to cater to the equirements of both

domestic and global automajors by 2020.

The Company aims to produce 34 million

tonnes of steel annually with Greenfield integrated

steel plants coming up in West Bengal and

Jharkhand. The company is looking forward to

enhance the capacity of BF1 from 0.9 MTPA to 1.9

MTPA in financial year 2015-16.

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd (JSPL)

JSPL has set up a rail & universal beam plant

with capabilities to produce 121 m long, the world's

longest rails and is the first in the country to

manufacture large-size parallel flange beams. The

company has captive coal mines at Dongamahua

in Raigarh district, Chhattisgarh and coal washing

unit with capacity of 6 million tonnes per year to

wash 47-48% coal ash to 26%. The sponge iron

plant at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh has capacity of

1.32 million tpy. Facilities at Raigarh also include

following capacities - steel 3 million tonnes (Rail

and s t ructurals 0 .75 mil l ion tonnes , p la tes

1.00 million tonnes and slabs, rounds, blooms and

billets 1.25 million tonnes), hot metal 1.67 million

tonnes sinter plant of 2.5 MTPA and captive power

plant 623 MW.

As part of expansion projects, JSPL is setting

up a 6 million tpy integrated steel plant at Angul

in Odisha in the first phase. Other plants being

set up are: 6 million tpy integrated steel plant at

Patratu, Jharkhand and 7 million tpy steel plant at

Ra igarh , Chha t t i sgarh . I t has p lanned to

implement these projects in phases. The present

plant at Raigarh is also under expansion to 7

million tpy (3 million tpy through EF route and 4

million tpy through BOF route) comprising 3

million tpy flat products and 4 million tpy long

products. It will also have 6 million tpy gas-based

DRI plant with matching coal gasification unit and

4 million tpy hot metal capacity.

Essar Steel Limited (ESL)

A state-of-the-art hot rolled coil steel plant

was set up at Hazira, Gujarat with 10 million

tonnes capacity per annum. It is the largest fully-

integrated manufacturer of high-quality flat steel

products in western India. Company's operations

inc lude 8 mi l l ion tpy and 12 mi l l ion tpy

beneficiation plants at Bailadila in Chhattisgarh

and Dabuna in Odisha. Essar has the world's

second largest slurry pipeline of 267 km and also

253 km to transport beneficiated iron ore slurry to

the pellet plants namely, 8 million tpy pellet

complex at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh and

6 million tpy plant at Paradip, Odisha. The Essar

Steel Complex at Hazira in Surat district, Gujarat

houses the world 's largest gas-based single

location sponge iron plant with a capacity of

6.8 million tpy. The complex also houses 1.4 million

9-17


tpy cold rolling plant, 4.6 million tpy electric arc

furnace, 4.6 million tpy continuous caster and

3.6 mil l ion tpy hot s t r ip mil l . Outstanding

performance has been observed in the 3 DRI-HBI

modules of the company.

The company has plans to double the capacity

of pelletisation at Paradip, Odisha from 6 MTPA

to 12 MTPA. The scheme also includes installation

of pellet plant and iron ore beneficiation plant.

The company has plans to set up a steel plant of

3.2 million tonnes per annum capacity at Bastar,

Chhattisgarh, (In first phase, a 1.6 million tpy steel

plant with a captive power plant is to be set up),

3 million tonnes per annum in Jharkhand and

6 million tonnes per annum in Karnataka.

JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (formerly, Ispat Industries Ltd)

JSW Steel has aquired a 45.53% majority stake

in JSW Ispat Steel w.e.f. 21.12.2010. It has set up

one of the largest integrated steel plants in the

private sector in India at Dolvi in Raigad district,

Maharashtra. The plant has a capacity to produce

3.3 million tpy of hot rolled coils (HRC). As a part

of backward integration strategy, a pellet plant of

4 MTPA and coke oven unit of 1 MTPA has been

installed at the complex. The Integrated Steel

plant functions on the Convertor-cum-Electric Arc

Furnance route (CONARC Process) to produce

steel through modern Twin Shell Electric Arc

Furnance.

The Expansion work at the Dolvi plant to enhance

capacity from 3.3 MTPA to 5 MTPA is in progress. The

project is likely to be commissioned in FY 2015-16. The

proposed expansion includes setting up a Sinter plant,

Billet Caster, 1.4 MTPA Bar Mill, Roll Grinding Machine,

Blast Furnace capacity enhancement and de-

bottlenecking of SMS and HSM.

JSW Ispat steel Ltd has plans to enhance

Blast furnance capacity by "Single Block Method"

of reconstruction. Also plans to install new sinter

plant with 2.5 MTPA capacity and new Bar Mill with 1.4

MTPA capacity. A new Billet caster is also proposed to

have with capacity of 1.5 MTPA.

The company is looking forward, Continuous

Annealing Lines (CAL) of 0.95 MTPA, part of the

cold rolling mill complex no.2 phase -1 have been

commissioned during the year and the second

CAL of 0.95 MTPA, which is part of phase-2 is

under trial run. The company is in the process of

commissioning the steel melting shop no.3 (SMS-

3), comprising the electric arc furnace alongwith

the Billet Caster of capacity 3.5 MTPA.Currently,

it is under trial run. It is expected to be fully

commissioned in financial year 2015-16.

The reconstruction of blast furnace no.1 to

increase capacity from 0.9 MTPA to 1.9 MTPA and

the 0.2 MTPA electrical steel project at cold rolling

mill no.1 is expected to be commissioned in

financial year 2015-16. A service centre with a

capacity of 10,000 tonnes per month to handle the

products electrical steel complex of cold rolling

mill no.1 is under construction.

Electrosteel Steels

Electrosteel Steels Limited is one of the

pioneer company in the manufacuting of Ductile

iron (DI) pipe. The company is setting up 2.51

MTPA Greenfield Steel and DI pipe plant based on

iron ore processed through Blast Furnace (BF), Basic

Oxygen Furnace (BOF), Continuous Casting (CC),

Hot Rolling Mill Route.

Monnet Ispat and Energy Limited

Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. is a steel

manufacturer in the country having integrated steel

plant of 1.8 MTPA, comprising 0.8 MTPA sponge

iron, 0.7 MTPA Blast furnace, 0.50 MTPA rebar mill,

0.2 MTPA structural mill, 230 MW power plant, 0.75

MTPA sinter plant, 1.20 MTPA Palletisation plant,

1.00 MTPA coal beneficiation plant, at Raipur &

Raigarh in the State of Chhattisgarh. Approximately

Rs. 7600 crore have already been invested and shall

further expand its capacities from 1.8 MTPA to 2.4

MTPA with additional facilities of coke oven, blast

furnace, sponge iron, power, cement grinding unit,

lime dolomite plant, rolling mill, slag crushing &

automisation plant, etc.

9-18


Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited (NINL)

NINL has a 1.1 million tonnes per annum

capac i ty i ron & s tee l p lan t loca ted a t

Kalinganagar, Duburi, Jajpur district, Odisha. The

NINL and Odisha Government will be setting up

one million tonne steel plant at Kalinganagar,

Jajpur, Odisha. The other product of the company

that is sold in the domestic market is granulated

slag which is consumed by several cement plants.

NEW STEEL PROJECTS

In the context of long-term demand projection

of steel, the Government adopted a two-pronged

strategy for increasing steel production in the

country. First ly, through modernisation and

expansion of existing public sector steel plants in

the country and secondly, by offering initiatives

to private sector to install new steel capacities.

After the announcement of the Industrial Policy

in 1991 and encouraged by the various other

policy initiatives of the Government, substantial

interest by several entrepreneurs to set up new

steel plants has been witnessed. Besides the steel

PSUs, massive capacity addition is in the pipeline

by private steel producers including foreign direct

investors. As per the information, 301 MoUs have

been signed in various states with intended

capacity of around 488.66 million tonnes with an

investment of over ̀ 5-10 lakh crore by 2020. Some

projects were at various stages of implementation.

POSCO has planned to set up 12 million tpy

capacity steel plant in Odisha by using "Finex"

process with direct utilisation of sinter feed iron

ore (-8 mm) besides utilising the advantages of

"Corex" technology, but promulgation of MMDR

Act, 2015; makes its proposal infractous and

POSCO need to submit fresh proposal. Similar

expansion is also coming up in secondary steel

sector consisting of sponge iron, EAF, induction

furnace, rolling mill, etc. With these new steel

plants, contribution of private sector units is

gradually increasing and this trend is expected to

continue in future within the ambit of new laws.

National Mineral Development Corporation Ltd

(NMDC)

NMDC is now d i rec t ing i t s resources

to diversify into steel making and other value

added products. An integrated steel plant with a

capacity of three million tonnes will be set up in

Chhattisgarh near Nagarnar, Bastar district .

NMDC is in the process of expanding its business

through forward integration in both greenfield and

brownfield projects by setting up (a) 2.0 million

tpy pellet plant in Chhattisgarh with 2 MTPA

beneficiation plant at Bacheli and (b) 1.2 million

tpy pellet plant at Donimalai in Karnataka.

Further, NMDC has acquired 50% equity in

Legacy Iron Ore Ltd Australia and has signed an

MoU with RINL for laying a slurry pipeline from

Bailadila Complex (Chhattisgarh) to Vizag (Andhra

Pradesh) via Jagdalpur to facilitate evacuation of

iron ore concentrate.

KIOCL Ltd

The company is operating 350 cu m capacity

blast furnace at Panambur, New Mangalore

Port for production of pig iron with 2.16 lakh tpy

capacity and a Ductile Iron Spun Pipe (DISP)

plant of 100,000 tonnes per year capacity. The

hot metal from blast furnace will be the main

feed stock for the DISP plant. The company

is a l so in the process o f se lec t ing a jo in t

venture equity partner for an integrated steel plant

to be set up in Karnataka with initial capacity of

1.5 mpta and expandable to 5 mtpa with equity

part icipation. The company also operates a

3.5 million tpy pellets plant at Mangalore with

hematite ore purchased from NMDC. Also, under

the Make in India initiative of Govt. of India,

KIOCL produced high grade pel le ts out of

imported high grade ore procurred from Brazil and

made first shipment of 64463 DMT high grade

pellets to Iron. It has signed an MoU with Kerala

State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd

(KSIDL) for sett ing up of iron ore mining,

beneficiation and pelletisation plant in Kerala.

9-19


Government of Andhra Pradesh has approved

the draft MoU to be entered between Andhra

Pradesh Minera l Development Corporat ion

(APMDC) and KIOCL for joint exploration of iron

ore deposits located in Nemkal in Anantapur

Distt., Andhra Pradesh. KIOCL will setup a

beneficiation and pelletization plant of 1.2 mtpa.

VISA Steel Ltd

VISA Steel is a leading player in the Special

Steel, Ferro Chrome and Metallurgical Coke

Business in India. The Company is upgrading it

existing capacities to 1 million TPA Special Steel

and 250,000 TPA ferro chrome at Kalinganagar

Industrial Complex in Odisha. The first phase of

0.5 million TPA Special Steel Long Product Plant

is fully operational. The facilities include a

2,25,000 TPA Pig Iron Plant, 3,00,000 TPA Sponge

Iron Plant, 5,00,000 TPA Steel Melt Shop (with EAF,

LRF and VD) & 500,000 TPA Rolling Mill (Bar &

Wire Rod Mill). VISA Steel is als o operating

180,000 TPA High Carbon Ferro Chrome Plant and

a 75 MW Captive Power Plant. VISA Sun Coke

Limited, a joint venture company between VISA

Steel Limited and Sun Coke Energy, USA, is

operating a 400,000 MT per annum heat recovery

coke plant and associated steam generation units

at Kalinganagar in Odisha. VISA Steel also plans

to set up a fully integrated Steel Plant at Raigarh

in Chhattisgarh. The Company also plans to set

up a Steel Plant and a Manganese Alloy Plant in

Madhya Pradesh.

IRON & STEEL SCRAPIron & Steel Scrap is one of the essential

requirements for manufacture of steel in mini-steel

industry. It is also consumed by some major steel

plants. Scrap, especially from the ship breaking

industry supplies substantial quantity of re-

rollable steel and steel scrap for the iron & steel

industry. Iron scrap is available in the country in

the form of pressed bundles, a mixture of used

steel components (called as a commercial scrap),

turnings and borings and heavy melting scrap.

These are generated by industries of all sectors

l ike automobiles , rai lways and engineering

workshops.

The collection and processing of scrap in

an organised manner is undertaken by a few

units in the country. In the local market, scrap

is supplied by dealers who in turn arrange to

have scrap collected manually or through sub-

dealers.

The consumption of scrap is mainly reported

by Induction Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace

units, integrated steel plants and alloy steel &

foundry industries. Scraps are used in the steel

sector after recycling. Recycling scrap helps in

conservation of energy as remelting of scrap

requires much less energy than production of iron

or steel from iron ore. Also, the consumption of

iron and scrap by remelting reduces the burden

on land fill disposal facilities and prevents the

accumulation of abandoned steel products in the

environment. It increases the availability of semi-

finished material, which otherwise would have to

be produced using the ore. Thus, it helps in

conservation of natural resources.

Ship breaking

Ship breaking has been a major source of

scrap generation. Ship breaking activities are

carried out at various places on the Indian Coast,

the largest concentration being in the West Coast.

Private entrepreneurs handle the task of ship

breaking in India. It is a labour-intensive job, and

in India, it is cost efficient activity. Locations of

present ship breaking activities are:

i) Alang and Sosiya yards in Bhavnagar

district, Gujarat,

ii) Sachana district, Gujarat

iii) Mumbai and

iv) Kolkata

Alang & Sosiya yards account for 90%

concentration of the ship breaking industry in

India. The yard has capacity to recycle about 450

ships per year generating re-rollable steel of > 4.5

million ton per annum. There are total 167 plots

available for ship recycling spread over 10 km

stretch along the coast of Alang. During 2012-13

9-20


and 2013-14 a total of 394 and 298 ships were

beached by the industry accounting for 3.8 million

tonnes and 3.06 million tonnes, respectively, in

terms of LDT (Light Displacement Tonnage, viz,

physical weight of a ship). Today, Alang possibly

represents the single largest concentration of ship

breaking industry in the world. The life of an

average ocean-going ship is about 20 years.

About 40% of the ships broken are dry cargo

ships, while the remaining 40% of the ships broken

are wet cargo, tanker and specialised ships.

These recyclable steels mainly as steel scrap

provide feed to steel and foundry industry in

India. The steel generated from ship recycling

contributes to around 1% to 2% of the domestic

steel demand.

The recommendations of a committee of

Technical Experts on Ship Breaking set up by the

Government of India on the directions of the

Hon'ble Supreme Court have been accepted by the

Hon'ble Supreme Court on 6.9.2007, on the issue

of handling & management of the hazardous

industrial waste generated during ship breaking.

In pursuance of the directions of the Hon’ble Supreme

Court in CWP 657 of 1995, Government of India in the

Ministry of Steel had formulated and notified the

comprehensive code for ship breaking and ship

recycling, namely Shipbreaking Code, 2013, vide

notification dated 7th March, 2013

MSTC Ltd

(Formerly Metal Scrap Trade Corp. Ltd)

Presently, the company undertakes trading

activities, e-commerce, disposal of ferrous and non-

ferrous scrap, surplus stores and other secondary

arising mostly from Public Sector Undertakings and

Government Departments, including Ministry of

Defence. The Company also undertakes import of

raw materials in bulk required by large industrial

houses on back-to-back basis. The items of import

include petroleum products, Low Ash Metallurgical

Coke, Coking Coal, Steam Coal, DR Pellets, HR Coils

and Heavy Melting Scrap, etc. It also undertakes

trading in items within the country in competition

with any other private trader.

Ferro Scrap Nigam Ltd (FSNL)

FSNL is a wholly owned subsidiary of MSTC

Ltd under the Ministry of Steel. The company

undertakes the recovery and processing of scrap

from slag and refuse dumps in the nine steel plants

at Bhilai, Bokaro, Burnpur, Durgapur, Rourkela,

Visakhapatnam, Dolvi, Duburi and Haridwar and

Rail wheel factory Bengaluru. The scrap so

recovered is returned to the steel plants for

recycling disposal and the company is paid

processing charges on the quantity recovered at

varying rates depending on the category of scrap.

Scrap is generated during iron & steel making

and also in the Rolling Mills. In addition, the

company provides steel mill services, such as

scarfing of slabs, handling of BOF slag, etc.

The recovery of scrap by FSNL in 2014-15

was 2 .31 mi l l ion tonnes in compar i son to

2.52 million tonnes in 2013-14.

TRADE POLICYAs per the modified Export-Import Policy

incorporated under the Foreign Trade Policy

(FTP) for 2009-14, the imports of primary forms

of pig iron, spiegeleisen, sponge iron, ferro-alloys,

stainless steel , remelt ing scrap, as also the

semi- f in i shed produc ts o f i ron , non-a l loy

steel or s ta inless s teel (such as f la t - rol led

products, bars, rods, coils and wires), primary

and semi-finished forms of other alloy-steels, etc.

are unrestricted. Similarly, the exports are also

allowed freely. In the recently notified Export-

Import Policy incorporated under the Foreign

Trade Policy (FTP) for 2015-20, no significant

amendments pertaining to above mentioned forms

of Iron & Steel and Scrap.

WORLD REVIEWThe world production of pig iron in 2014 was

about 1,257 million tonnes as against 1,243 million

tonnes in 2013. China, Japan, India, Russia, Rep.

of Korea, Brazil, USA, Ukraine and Germany were

the principal producers (Table-11).

9-21


Table – 11 : World Production of Pig Iron

(By Principal Countries)

(In '000 tonnes)

Count ry 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4

World: Total 11 8 8 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 7 9 2 1 2 5 6 7 9 2

Brazil 32448 31552 32000 e

China 6 6 3 5 4 4 7 1 1 4 9 9 7 1 1 5 9 9

France 9 5 3 2 10276 10866

Germany 27046 27177 27943

India* 62057 64893 71864

I ran 13725 16465 17000 e

Japan 81405 83849 83872

Korea, Rep. of 41718 41045 46909

Mexico 10198 11011 11093

Russia 50500 50000 51400

Taiwan 11784 13300 14505

Ukraine 28487 29089 24801

Turkey 18289 19548 20000

USA 32062 30381 29345

Other countries 1 0 5 4 2 7 1 0 2 7 0 7 1 0 3 5 9 6

Source: World Mineral Production, 2010-2014.

* India's production of pig iron in 2012-13, 2013-14 and

2014-15 was 6,870 thousand tonnes, 7,950 thousand tonnes

& 9,694 thousand tonnes, respectively.

Table – 12 : World Production of Crude Steel(By Principal Countries)

(In '000 tonnes)

Count ry 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4

World: Total 1 5 5 4 0 8 2 1 6 4 1 2 9 8 1 6 6 6 8 6 3

Brazil 34524 34163 33912

Canada 13507 12349 12595

China 7 2 3 8 8 2 8 1 3 1 3 9 8 2 2 6 9 8

France 15607 15685 16144

Germany 42661 42645 42941

India* 78416 81690 88980

I ran 14395 15631 15800

I ta ly 27252 24093 23714

Japan 1 0 7 2 3 2 1 1 0 5 9 5 1 1 0 6 6 6

Korea, Rep. of 69073 66061 71542

Mexico 18073 18242 18995

Russia 70400 68800 70300

Spain 13639 14252 14163

Taiwan 19927 21466 22511

Turkey 35885 34654 34035

Ukraine 33509 33199 27373

U K 9 5 7 9 11858 12120

USA 88695 86878 88347

Other countries 1 3 7 8 2 5 1 3 5 8 9 8 1 4 0 0 2 7

Source: World Mineral Production, 2010-2014.* India's production of crude steel in 2012-13, 2013-14

and 2014-15 was 78,416 thousand tonnes, 81,693 thousandtonnes & 88,979 thousand tonnes, respectively.

The world crude steel production in 2014 increased

marginally to 1,667 million tonnes from 1,641 million

tonnes in 2013. China was the top producer accounting

for 49% of world's crude steel production, followed

by Japan (7%), USA and India (5% each). Other

important producers were Russia, Rep. of Korea,

Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Ukraine and Italy (Table-12).

FOREIGN TRADE

Exports

Exports of iron and steel (total) almost at the same

level in 2014-15 to 11.98 million tonnes from

11.96 million tonnes in the previous year. Steel

exports in 2014-15 comprised finished steel (including

cold rolled sheets) 5.19 million tonnes (43%) and

semi-finished steel (including steel ingots) 4.33 million

tonnes (36%). Other items together accounted for

remaining 21% exports. Exports in 2014-15 were

mainly to USA (12%), UAE (9%) and Nepal (8% ).

Exports of pig and cast iron including spiegeleisen

decreased sharply to 6.50 lakh tonnes in 2014-15 from

11.13 lakh tonnes in the previous year. Exports were

mainly to Thailand (39%), Rep. of Korea (22%) and

Saudi Arabia (15%) (Tables- 13 to 22).

Imports

Imports of iron and steel (total) in 2014-15

increased sharply to 17.43 million tonnes from

12.26 million tonnes in the previous year. Imports

in 2014-15 compr ised semi- f in ished s tee l ,

including ingots 5.40 million tonnes (31%), iron

and steel scrap 5.93 million tonnes (34%) and

finished steel, including cold rolled sheets

4.88 million tonnes (28%). Imports in 2014-15

were mainly from China (25%), Republic of Korea,

(13%) and Japan (10%). The imports of pig and

cast iron (including spiegeleisen) is at the same

level to 69 thousand tonnes in 2014-15 from 68

thousand tonnes in the previous year. Imports

were mainly from Indonesia (20%), Spain (9%) and

Italy (8%) (Tables-23 to 32).

9-22


Table – 13 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Total)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 11959782 833731286 11982434 869190611

USA 1137353 113240135 1410727 141860182

UAE 1019247 77068137 1082821 77404825

Saudi Arabia 539674 31671486 739336 47619831

Iran 252380 16255228 583011 39218247

Italy 512345 33485294 660128 37608287

Germany 202716 34071975 238238 36954947

Nepal 769363 25959169 1014149 35771522

UK 365468 29466143 216924 24822054

Belgium 436608 26433566 296936 21779509

Canada 158528 14595598 268848 18365166

Other countries 6566100 431484555 5471316 387786041

Table – 14 : Exports of Iron & Steel

(Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 5123998 322641749 5187591 327824002

USA 612770 45131642 779011 59087318

Saudi Arabia 57788 4777400 356812 23799241

UAE 485583 29863184 382396 22066324

Nepal 347286 11115163 512820 16808809

Iran 135197 9805194 169269 12082563

Belgium 187368 12815587 152534 11358233

Italy 155762 11279209 135121 9939765

Spain 102675 6581154 177248 9489176

Peru 47224 2437750 148853 8799003

Iraq 110694 6350629 94658 7449696

Other countries 2881651 182484837 2278869 146943874


(Steel wire)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 127627 18235819 116167 18752335

USA 18619 3549065 19878 4045734

Netherlands 10710 1729106 14856 2396212

Turkey 6015 972945 6898 1150941

Belgium 4684 906298 3637 747194

Italy 4975 856050 4204 708713

Germany 3482 712614 3076 671820

UK 3182 578415 3353 665444

UAE 8202 650968 8195 599651

Iran 3666 655368 4243 569435

Mexico 2059 330751 2664 497828

Other countries 62033 7294239 45163 6699363


(Other Finished Steel, NES)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 1763329 275039552 2043665 308103906

USA 295416 50294006 358970 59375309

UAE 142678 31319029 155058 34869377

Germany 137404 23228961 157187 24998104

UK 106951 15946171 116497 17404098

Saudi Arabia 84805 11710787 135517 14023803

Italy 38802 8054874 42943 8310663

Canada 70825 8751573 55750 7134917

France 28161 5901933 31901 6310235

South Africa 44478 4308409 49670 4768820

Netherlands 29767 5141313 29299 4768033

Other countries 784042 110382496 910873 126140547

9-23



(Semi-Finished Steel Including Steel Ingot)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 4677636 203432087 4332437 197265352

Iran 100273 4217498 400100 21650553

UAE 380419 14941724 528405 19076244

Italy 310952 12834185 476306 17761909

Nepal 335293 11104189 395423 13665523

USA 151602 9539577 209453 13240926

Saudi Arabia 395393 14892986 244217 9447936

Indonesia 67909 3593769 192785 6667499

Canada 32759 1598609 159212 6656957

Belgium 225243 9759102 119743 6432415

Vietnam 605948 20867655 163047 5916287

Other countries 2071845 100082793 1443746 76749102

Table – 18 : Exports of Iron & Steel : Alloy Steel

(Granules)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 456 40456 1257 73375

USA 52 6234 278 27052

Spain - - 468 19424

Saudi Arabia 25 1378 114 5586

UK - - 105 5003

UAE 84 4804 94 4613

Canada - - 70 3590

Chinese

Taipei/Taiwan 25 1246 27 1410

Sudan 15 721 26 1168

Korea, Rep. of - - 10 1069

Oman - - 4 920

Other countries 255 26074 61 3540

Table – 19 : Exports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel

(Powder)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 13 603 78 7509

Bangladesh 10 251 13 2007

Brazil - - 4 1999

Iran - - 24 1065

Nepal 3 164 14 1015

Turkey - - ++ 427

Indonesia - - 1 402

USA - - 19 236

Germany ++ 2 1 195

Egypt - - 1 129

Yemen Republic - - 1 25

Other countries ++ 186 ++ 9

Table – 20 : Exports of Iron & Steel (Scrap)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 6960 540925 4759 531836

Sweden 2456 385788 2732 405592

Germany 114 29541 124 39546

UAE 102 4214 59 15188

Bangladesh 360 7359 585 12176

USA 88 1280 363 9552

Netherlands 214 23673 49 7232

Turkey - - 67 7115

Korea, Rep. of 118 1702 116 7093

Japan 83 3589 70 6323

Malaysia - - 112 3556

Other countries 3425 83779 482 18463

9-24


Table–21: Exports of Iron & Steel

(Sponge iron)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 166616 4138487 207883 4780981

Bangladesh 67807 1502312 98925 2162438

Nepal 40708 794286 64317 1490129

Egypt 11000 228149 18000 422690

Malaysia 11823 280076 15369 377883

Bhutan 18886 905368 6268 163987

Sri Lanka 3610 80282 2581 59565

USA 358 39030 417 54047

Kuwait 8798 201840 1673 38276

Sudan - - 200 4889

Korea, Rep. of 46 2349 15 2316

Other countries 3580 104795 118 4761

Table – 22 : Exports of Pig & Cast Iron

(Including Spiegeleisen)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 1113219 26350078 650353 15064847

Thailand 219990 5069654 256317 5798296

Korea, Rep. of 330402 7668352 144851 3256990

Saudi Arabia 59138 1487315 97599 2177671

UAE 36355 890908 55688 1348202

Chinese

Taipei/Taiwan 168690 4012327 18551 471290

Malaysia 194059 4459978 27654 466267

China 32735 795891 15055 302153

Pakistan 6907 173668 9672 263684

Japan 27367 723533 6066 238925

Bangladesh 3331 95510 5015 138026

Other countries 34245 972942 13885 603343

Table - 23 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Total)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 12257822 721849461 17433700 940528408

China 1618714 127694257 4345550 242747431

Korea, Rep. of 1578448 98341244 2291971 125627046

Japan 1424333 97173228 1749720 107994381

Germany 381711 39482946 393326 37532410

UAE 940572 31028107 1120810 36976012

UK 761144 30727243 881803 34696748

USA 539317 36097798 561216 34135103

South Africa 705477 19713118 960466 26506128

Thailand 123604 13445807 166162 20052261

Malaysia 186445 13389086 301102 19838149

Other countries 3998057 214756627 4661574 254422739

Table – 24: Imports of Iron & Steel

(Finished Steel Including CR Sheet)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 3035485 241891701 4884396 334160792

China 935955 66056358 2458815 136558705

Japan 537364 41206828 684479 47695410

Korea, Rep. of 518127 39556112 604916 46899152

Germany 100152 13337134 98303 11787309

USA 107710 11407813 86674 10303695

France 28819 6554945 118201 9795678

Russia 68041 5572405 115850 8765655

Italy 31129 6636975 43506 6805730

Belgium 81304 6192838 95361 6287011

Nepal 92156 4676091 102431 5336936

Other countries 534728 40694202 475860 43925511

9-25


Table – 25 : Imports of Iron & Steel

(Steel Wire)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 150982 13231089 192704 15295354

China 78336 5234257 100453 6284995

Japan 8100 1805667 9613 2090809

Malaysia 17314 1265931 22495 1564713

Nepal 17320 885145 24347 1292277

Korea, Rep. of 11397 1205457 10560 1166759

Germany 1402 556324 960 468996

France 1652 222570 2626 296538

USA 624 241426 416 281551

Indonesia 908 63030 3965 268882

Vietnam 937 79955 3365 267200

Other countries 12992 1671327 13904 1312634


(Other Finished Steel, NES)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 425133 132080721 519472 147093119

China 191921 33193810 243630 38694143

Japan 30489 17078098 28353 14815112

Germany 26434 12954953 28505 14420906

Korea, Rep. of 33709 10546460 31297 9605832

Thailand 16165 5650673 33260 9293827

Vietnam 1216 447643 11433 8533214

USA 15222 9396214 12600 8020572

Italy 12892 6540439 13465 6293207

France 7060 4168159 7779 5348411

UK 6450 5193318 6980 4758270

Other countries 83575 26910954 102170 27309625


(Semi-Finished Steel Including Steel Ingots)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 2917886 126954514 5404829 210107344

Korea, Rep. of 919704 41245358 1578630 62777086

China 291379 12217049 1410649 50234782

Japan 829294 33577576 997174 39303847

Ukraine 203787 6405326 298523 10017195

UAE 5965 286009 183336 6310473

Indonesia 243 32772 158224 5068037

Russia 73387 2795886 126003 3956025

Brazil 49728 1735485 106061 3511431

Singapore 14975 776699 89848 3444329

Germany 85324 5331505 43793 3283116

Other countries 444100 22550849 412588 22201023

Table – 28 : Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel

(Granules)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 17931 1052000 15573 852396

Spain 5946 360688 4231 237868

France 3570 183451 3942 189324

Italy 2043 120734 2106 115995

China 1510 83966 1499 81865

Germany 1313 99761 798 54994

South Africa 1219 61222 1036 49993

Chinese

Taipei/Taiwan 1057 57440 864 48350

Thailand 780 42312 497 25963

Japan 77 11523 155 24261

Ukraine 27 1562 177 8104


9-26


Table-29 : Imports of Iron & Steel: Alloy Steel

( Powder)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 1963 515692 2505 587519

UK 194 141064 221 154910

Sweden 453 91536 950 139685

Canada 695 76252 780 86164

USA 234 59463 303 74553

China 252 76076 187 49795

Belgium 28 23821 38 38726

Singapore 2 6450 5 18600

Japan 10 11117 8 15971

Germany ++ 1659 4 5604

Finland - - ++ 1955


Table-30 : Imports of Iron & Steel (Scrap)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 4779786 164549339 5935948 203477830

UAE 784830 23972448 869141 26633270

UK 717222 21713633 839487 25904270

South Africa 674044 17675575 898553 23243347

USA 398808 13523649 446989 13944386

Netherlands 137337 10123906 135167 10037742

Malaysia 121749 6560309 197755 9998219

Singapore 111855 4933244 239872 9422737

Thailand 76244 5492083 107253 8592480

Australia 159621 5554883 253667 8311686

Germany 133999 4288853 194857 6464729

Other countries 1464077 50710756 1753207 60924964

Table-31 : Imports of Iron & Steel

(Sponge Iron)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 578317 12654741 143129 3331349

Oman 414710 9214796 63903 1466392

UAE 113629 2337419 42519 990195

Russia 47937 1044225 18000 433923

Baharain - - 17456 404675

Saudi Arabia 1019 24228 1033 24069

Sweden 194 10919 212 11639

Germany 23 1287 6 401

USA - - ++ 49

China - - ++ 6

Other countries 805 21867 - -

Table-32 : Imports of Pig & Cast Iron

(Incl. Speigeliesen)

(By Countries)

2013-14 2014-15 (P)

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) (`’000) (t) (`’000)

All Countries 68502 4021121 68887 4591408

Indonesia 14666 555648 13648 727259

China 3152 254248 4088 399668

Sweden 4540 419191 4233 381901

Italy 5682 352888 5532 353935

Spain 5635 330453 5968 344698

Germany 860 292528 1564 320542

USA 2593 270110 2453 297092

Japan 374 197691 500 245414

South Africa 16411 439328 5768 241744

UK 552 153730 1811 224810

Other countries 14037 755306 23322 1054345

9-27


FUTURE OUTLOOK

India ranked third as a largest producer of

crude steel in the world. The Steel Industry in

general is on the upswing due to strong growth in

demand propelled by the strong domestic demand

for steel particularly from the construction,

manufacturing and automotive sectors. India is

also the largest producer of sponge iron in the

world. The economic reforms and the consequent

liberalisation of the Iron & Steel sector brought a

sea change in the industry, particularly in the field

of greenfield steel plants in the private sector.

The growth of the steel sector is l inked

intricately with the growth of the Indian economy,

especially with growth of the steel consuming

sectors. Union Budget 2014-15 has maintained its

focus on infrastructure development, especially

rural infrastructure. This coupled with 12th Plan's

target of trillion dollar infrastructure investment

are big positives for steel demand.

As per the report of Working Group on

Mineral Exploration and Development (other

than coal & lignite) for XII Five Year Plan

(2012-17) o f the P lanning Commiss ion ,

technologies for agglomeration, pelletisation

and direct use of fines to produce steel must be

identified and taken up in Mission Mode to

achieve the national goal to produce 200 million

tonnes per annum of steel by 2020.

China, Taiwan, Iran, Japan, Mexico and South

Korea are other countries exhibit ing strong

growth in t e rms of s tee l p roduc t ion and

consumption. Global steel demand over the next

decade will mainly depend on the emerging

economies.

iron & steel and scrap indian minerals...

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