Physical Chemistry of Soft Matter and Polymers

2017

Physical Chemistry of Soft Matter and Polymers

Lecture:

� Prof. Dr. Cornelia Palivan (Tel: 0612073839, Cornelia.Palivan@unibas.ch)

� Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Meier (Tel: 0612073802, Wolfgang.Meier@unibas.ch)

� Exercises, experiments, presentations:

• Dr. Gesine Gunkel-Grabode (Tel: 0612075792, Gesine.Gunkel@unibas.ch)

• Dr. Ioana Craciun (Tel: 0612075790, Ioana.Craciun@unibas.ch)

• Dr. Jenz Gaitzsch (Tel: 0612075793, Jens.Gaitzsch@unibas.ch)

• Dr. Juan Liu (Tel: 0612075790, Juan.Liu@unibas.ch)

PCSP

� How: Lecture, exercises, presentations, experiments

�When: Lecture: Do, 10:15 -12h, S106

Fr, 10:15-12h, PC, Small lecture room

www.chemie.unibas.ch > Chemistry online > PCSP

- Slides for each lecture can be uploaded

- Exercises, presentations, experiments: details on 22.09.2017

www.chemie.unibas.ch > Chemistry online > PCSP

- Slides for each lecture can be uploaded

- Exercises, presentations, experiments: details on 22.09.2017

Inhalt

1. Introduction

2. Forces in colloidal systems and self-assembly

3. Structure and properties of micelles

1. Colloidal Systems

4. Colloidal stability and interfaces

5. Monolayers and bilayers

6. Soft biological materials

7. Methods for characterization of colloidal systems and surfaces

2. Polymers- rubber elasticity

� G. M. Kontogeorgis, S. Kill, Introduction to applied colloid andsurface chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2016

� L.S. Hirt, Fundamentals of soft matter science, CRC Press,2013.

References:

2013.

�D. F. Evans, H. Wennerstrom, The colloidal domain, Wiley-VCH, second edition, 2014.

�B. Kronberg, K. Holmberg, B. Lindman, Surface chemistry ofsurfactants and polymers, Wiley- VCH, 2017.

PCSP

Why are colloidal systems important?

• How detergents really clean?

• Why mercury droplets can roll around without wetting a surface?

• Why watter droplets can roll around on a lotus leaf?

• Why the colour of the sky is different on the sunset?• Why the colour of the sky is different on the sunset?

• Why Ouzo drink change its transparency when water is added?

• Why butterfly are not-sticky?

• How can the delivery of drugs be improved in the body?

• …

Colloidal domain

Galaxy

100000 Ly

Galaxy10 - 1000 µm

2 - 10 nm

Biomolecules DNA, Proteins

New Materials

Physical chemistry: colloids and surfaces

Physical chemistry is based of mathematics to prove the concepts, to

analyse the experiments, to understand the phenomena.

� Various models will be presented, various solutions will requireformula, and will support specific applications.

� Colloids and surfaces are interdisciplinary domains: where physics,chemistry, biology and technology meet

Introduction

� Examples of colloids and interfaces

� History of colloid science

� What are the colloids and interfaces?� What are the colloids and interfaces?

�Classification of colloids

�Key properties of colloids

�Preparation of colloidal systems

What do we know from other PC lectures?

Physical aggregation states

� solids

� liquids

� gases

Heat

Plasma: non-classic physical state

Lamp with plasma state

Atmosphere of the Sun

Polarlight

Is discussed in other PC lectures…

Examples in the nature

ColloidsColloids

Examples in day-by-day life

Colloids

Examples in industry

Colloids

History of colloid and surface chemistry

o 1845 Fransesco Selmi: „pseudo-solutions“ Prussian blue in water

o 1850 Michael Faraday: Au particles in water

o1861 Thomas Graham: „colloids“ (AgCl in water)

colloidal particles > 1nm (diameter)

Colloids:

o 1913 James McBarn: „micelles“ (Na palmitate solutions)

o1945 - theory of the stability of colloidal sols: Derjaguin-Landau andVerway-Overbeek (DLVO theory)

Surfaces:o 1757 Benjamin Franklin: oil-water interface

o1891 Agnes Pockels: water pressure > Rayleigh > "Nature“

Clasification of colloidsParticle Medium Name Nature Technology

liquid gas aerosol clouds Spray, smog

solid gas aerosol volcanic smoke, polen Drugs spray

gas liquid foam polluted rivers, vacuoles Fire extingtors

liquid liquid emulsion milk, bio-membranes Drug delivery, paints

solid liquid Colloidalsol/dispersion

river water, muddy water Pains, ink, sol-gel processing

gas solid Solid foam pumice Styrofoams, zeolites

liquid solid Gel/porousmaterial

opals, pearl plastics

solid solid Solid dispersion wood composites

What are colloids and interfaces?

Colloids:

o Colloid (disperse phase) = a dispersion of droplets/particles of onematerial in another material, that does not settle out under gravity.

medium« particle » + medium« particle » +

Colloid

o Colloid particles = size or one of the key dimensions = 1nm up to 1 µm.

oExceptions: larger particles : 10 up to 50 µm

Scales in colloid systems and interfaces

What are interfaces?

Surfaces/interfaces:

o Surface or interface = dividing lines/borders between two differentphases.

oSurfaces/interfaces have a certain thickness – the order of moleculardiameter

Types of interfaces:oTypes of interfaces:

Clasification of colloidsa. According to the state of the disperse phase and medium

b. According to the stability of the disperse phase and medium

c. According to the relation between the disperse phase and the medium

a. According to the state of the disperse phase and medium

Particles Medium

gas liquid solid

gas - foam solid foam

liquid aerosol emulsion gel/porousmaterial

solid aerosol sol/dispersion solid dispersion

Clasification of colloids

b. According to the stability of the disperse phase and medium:

- Colloid dispersions – TD instable

- Association colloids – TD stable

- Complex colloids – complex TD stability/instability

Clasification of colloids

c. According to the relation between the disperse phase and the medium:

-Lyophobic colloids (solvent hating)

TD unstableTD unstable

-Lyophilic colloids (solvent attracting)

TD stable

Au nanoparticles for medicalapplications

PEG solution

Clasification of colloidsc. According to the relation between the disperse phase and water:

- Hydrophobic colloids (water hating): TD unstable

- Hydrophilic colloids (water attracting): TD stable

-Amphiphilic colloids:

-Surfaces are hydrophilic and hydrophobic as well.

Key properties of colloids

� Colloids are based on minimum 2 components: disperse phase

(droplets, particles) and continuous phase (medium)

�Size of colloidal particles: > 1 nm up to 10 µm

�Disperse phase has a very large surface area-to-volume ratio

�The energy of the interparticle interactions ∼ kBT

�Many colloids have a non-transparent appearance (milky)

Shapes of colloids

Preparation methods

� Colloids are prepared by a variety opf methods depending on the physical

state of the disperse phase and of the medium.

-grinding and milling methods

-Precipitation or the reduction of the solubility of a substance

- sneezing methods

-shaking methods

-- tearing apart a spray of liquid with as jet of air

?

Introduction

� Examples of colloids and interfaces

� History of colloid science

� What are the colloids and interfaces?� What are the colloids and interfaces?

�Classification of colloids

�Key properties of colloids

�Preparation of colloidal systems