PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

What is Matter Made of?

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter.

Basically, properties you notice when using one of your five senses:

Feel - mass, volume, texture

Sight - color

Hear

Smell

Taste

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES-

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ARE CATEGORIZED AS EITHER: INTENSIVE OR EXTENSIVE:

Intensive - Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present.

Color

Odor

Luster - How shiny a substance is.

Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets.

Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires.

Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity.

Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched.

Melting/Freezing Point The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure.

Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure).

Density is a very important property.It is the amount of matter in a given

volume.

How much stuff is packed into a certain amount of space

Density = Mass / Volume

MORE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

The density of water is 1g/ml or 1 g/cm3

COLOR

Definition:

The ability to reflect color

Example:

Apples – reflect red or green light

Dog – white with black spots

Hair – blonde or black

Berries – black, red, blue

Smoke – white or black

ODOR

Definition:

The smell or non smell of matter

Odorless, flowery, spicy, nauseating, sweet

CLARITY

Definition:

The ability for light to pass through matter

Transparent: all light passes through

Translucent: some light passes through

Opaque: no light passes through

LUSTER

Definition:

The ability to reflect light

Shiny: more reflection

Dull: less reflection

FORM

Definition:

The structure in the matter

Regular: patterned, cellular, crystalline

Irregular – no pattern

TEXTURE

Definition:

Describing the surface of the matter

Examples of textures:

Rough -

Smooth -

Sharp -

Soft -

Hard -

Bumpy -

BRITTLENESS

Definition:

The ability to break or shatter easily

Example:

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

Definition:

The ability to transfer thermal energy (heat) to something else

Example:

Coffee in a special cup to prevent heat transfer to our hands

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

Definition:

The ability to conduct electricity (the atoms allow their electron to move or flow)

Example:

Metals and non metals

Conductors – good conductivity

Insulators – no conductivity

VISCOSITY

Definition:

The ability for matter to flow

Example:

Viscous and non-viscous

Syrup, oil, water all have different viscosities (ml/s)

HARDNESS

Definition:

The ability to resist scratching

The Mohs Hardness Scale:

1 talc

2 gypsum

3 calcite

4 fluorite

5 apatite

6 orthoclase

7 quartz

8 topaz

9 corundum

10 diamond

MALLEABILITY

Definition:

The ability to be pounded into thin sheets

Example:

Aluminum can be pounded flat to make aluminum foil

DUCTILITY

Definition:

The ability to be drawn into thin wires

Example:

Copper is used to make wires

Example:

Drink mix dissolves in water or sugar dissolves in coffee

SOLUBILITY

Definition:

The ability for one substance to dissolve into another substance

Extensive Properties

• Depends on the amount of matter• Mass - A measurement of the amount of matter in a object (grams).• Weight - A measurement of the gravitational force of attraction of the

earth acting on an object.• Volume - A measurement of the amount of space a substance occupies.• Length

PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL

• Physical properties: observe without changing the identity of the substance

• Chemical properties: observe only when the identity changes

• How do you know if it is chemical or physical?

If it CHanges, it’s CHemical

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• A chemical property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material• Examples: ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with

etc.

• A common chemical property is reactivity. Reactive to oxygen Reactive to air Reactive to water…

• Notice that chemical properties aren’t EASY to observe, unlike physical properties.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES-

•These are properties that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance.

•A piece of paper burns and turns to a black substance.

• After the flame goes out you can no longer burn the new substance.

•The chemical properties have been changed.

Milk needs to be in the refrigerator or else it will go bad.

If you've ever seen or smelled spoiled milk, it is not a pretty sight.

The milk gets a sour odor and becomes lumpy.

Unlike physical changes, you cannot reverse chemical changes.

You can melt ice to get water and freeze that water to get ice again.

You cannot make milk unspoiled.

CHANGING STATES There are several names for matter changing

states:

Physical changeChemical ChangeState changePhase change