comparing the intensive properties between niobium and an unknown metal
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Comparing the Intensive Properties Between Niobium and an Unknown Metal. Luke Emery Matthew Wilson Cousino High School. Purpose. To identify an unknown metal using properties of specific heat and linear thermal expansion. Specific Heat. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Comparing the Intensive Properties
Between Niobium and an Unknown
Metal
Luke Emery Matthew Wilson
Cousino High School
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PurposeTo identify an unknown metal using properties of specific heat and linear thermal expansion.
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Specific HeatThe amount of heat per unit of mass to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius
Intensive property
Unique to each element
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Linear Thermal ExpansionThe change in length of a material based on a change in temperature
Intensive property
Unique to each element
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Key TermsCalorimeter: tool used for measuring specific heat
Equilibrium: state of rest or balance
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What is niobium?Discovered by Charles Hatchett in 1801
Silver – gray metal
Atomic number is 41
Symbol is Nb
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What are niobium’s uses?Bonding stainless steel components
Automotive industry
Chemical manufacturing
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Purification of Niobium
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HypothesisThe unknown metal will be identified as niobium if the value of specific heat is within a 3% error range, and the value of linear thermal expansion is within a 2% error range.
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Specific Heat Materials
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Linear Thermal Expansion Materials
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Specific Heat Data
Niobium Specific Heat
Unknown Metal Specific
Heat
Average -34.1613% 24.6792%
Table 1. Average Percent Errors
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Linear Thermal Expansion Data
Niobium Linear Thermal
Expansion
Unknown Metal Linear
Thermal Expansion
Average -66.454% 11.070%
Table 2. Average Percent Errors
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Statistical TestTwo-sample t test
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Two-Sample t TestTwo SRS from two distinct populations
Standard deviations of the population are not known
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Two-Sample t TestHypotheses:
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Specific Heat Data
Figure 1. Normal Probability Plot of Niobium Specific Heat
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Specific Heat Data
Figure 2. P-Value Bell Curve
P-value =
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Linear Thermal Expansion Data
Figure 3. Normal Probability Plot of the Unknown Metal Specific Heat
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Linear Thermal Expansion Data
Figure 4. P-Value Bell Curve
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ConclusionRejected the null hypothesis for specific heat
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Design FlawsKeeping water at a constant temperature of 100ºC
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Errors in ExperimentationTransfer of metals
Rusting tongs
Wooden jig usage
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Real-World Application
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Works CitedArumugam, S., and A. Ramalingam. "Experimental Study on Specific Heat of Hot Brine for Salt Gradient Solar Pond Application." Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College, Dharmapuri. Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram – 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India.. (2012): 957-961. Print. <http://www.sphinxsai.com/2012/july_sept12/Chem/pdfchem/CT=18(956-961) JS 12.pdf>. Hester, Jerry. "223 Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion." 223 Physics Lab: Linear Thermal Expansion. Clemson University, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
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Works CitedHidnert, Peter. "Thermal Expansion of Titanium." National Bureau of Standards 30 (1943): 101-05. National Institute of Standards and Technology. U.S. Department of Commerce. Web. 7 Apr. 2013. Howling, D.H., E. Mendoza, and J.E. Zimmerman. "Preliminary Experiments on the Temperature-Wave Method of Measuring Specific Heats of Metals at Low Temperatures." Proceedings of the Royal Society. (2013): n. page. Print. <http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/229/1176/86.abstract>.
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Works CitedK., Jagannath, Chandrashekar Bhat, Raghavendra Prabhu, and S. S. Sharma. Thermal Expansion Coefficient for Lead-Graphite and Lead-Iron Metal Matrix Composition (2012): 20-24. Planetary Scientific Research Center. Planetary Scientific Research Center, 16 June 2012. Web. 7 Apr. 2013. "Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion." Thermal Expansion. Nondestructive Testing Resource Center, n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
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Works CitedNave, R. "Specific Heat." HyperPhysics. HyperPhysics, 7 Jun 2004. Web. 24 Mar 2013. <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/spht.html>. Steele, Charles A., Mason A. Hines, and Lara Rutherford. "Specific Heat Capacity Thermal Function of the Cyanoacrylate Fingerprint Development Process,." U.S. Department of Justice. (2012): 1-26. Print. <http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/ThermalFunctionCyanoacrylateDevelopment.pdf>.
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Works CitedUnknown, . "Niobium 101." IAMGOLD. IAMGOLD, 25 Mar 2012. Web. 26 Mar 2013. <http://www.iamgold.com/files/pdf/Niobium 101 Final March 2012.pdf>. Winter, Mark. "Niobium." WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements. The University of Sheffield, n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013.
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Works CitedUnknown, . "Specific Heat for all the Elements." Periodic Table. Mathematica's ElementData, n.d. Web. 21 Mar 2013. <http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/SpecificHeat.html>.