Biology Project:

CHORDATA

By: VAIBHAV PATEL

SUPREET PANDA

ANSHUMAN NAYAK

Phylum Chordata

Animals possessing notochord either thought life or during early embryonic life. The notochord is stiff & flexible rod lying ventral to nerve

Are triploblastic

Are coelomate

Are bilaterally symmetrical

Have post anal tail

Closed circulatory system

Have dorsal hollow nerve cord

Paired pharyngeal gill slits

3 sub phylum: 1. Urochordata or Tunicata

2. Cephalochordata

3. Vertebrata.

Protochordata Vertebrata

Class Cyctostomata E.g.: Lamprey (petromyzen) & Hagfish (myxine)

Parasites on fishes

Elongated body have 6-14 pair of gill slits for respiration

Sucking & circular mouth

No functional pineal eye

Single sex organ discharges gametes in coelomate

Cranium & vertebral column – cartilaginous

Persistent notochord

Heart surrounded by a cartilaginous capsule

Have marine habitat

Migrate into river for spawning

Ammocoete larva hatches out from eggs through metamorphosis that migrate into oceans

Class Chondrichthyes

Marine fishes

Cartilaginous Endoskeleton

5 pairs of gills slits without gill cover

No swim bladder

Mouth ventral

Viviparous fertilization internal

Some like ray fish have electric organ, sting in sting ray

Class Osteichthyes

Fresh / marine fishes

Bony endoskeleton 7 pairs of gill slits with gill cover –operculum

Swim bladder present

Mouth terminal

Oviparous fertilization external

No such electric organ present

Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

Class Amphibian

2 phases in life cycle: adult & larvae

Larva is aquatic & adult is terrestrial

Require water for breeding, fertilisation is external

2 pairs of limbs

Body divided into head & trunk but no neck present

Moist skin without scales

A tympanum replace the ear

Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior

Heart: 3 chambered, 2 auricles & 1 ventecial

Are cold blooded

Respiration in tapoles: gills, adults: lungs & skin, some breath through gills in adult stage too

Sexes are separate

Condt……

Eg :- toad

Frog

Salamander

Limbless amphibian

Class Reptilian Crawling animals

Body covered by dry, cornfied skin that contain epidermal scales

Post and tail present

No external ear openings

2 pair of limbs with 5 digits in each

Cold blooded

Heart: 3 chambered

Are carnivorous

Snakes & lizard shed their scales

Internal fertilization

E.g.: Turtle (Chelna), Lizard (Hemidadyles)

Class Aves Streamlined body

Body has head, trunk & a pair of limbs

Body covered with feather

Forelimbs convert into feather

Bones are hollow

Are warm blooded

Heart: 4 chambered

No teeth in mouth

Alimentary canal has crop & gizzard

Have sharp eyesight

Oil gland present at the base of tail

Are oviparous

Eg :- Crow Parrot Owl

Class Mammalia Found in a variety of habitats

Have milk producing mammary glands

Skin has hair

Have 2 pairs of pentaductile limbs having nails or claws at the apex

Have external ear

Teeth are present

Heart: 4 chambered, except Crocodile

Diaphragm divided body cavity in upper chest and lower chest

E.g.: Whale (Bulaenoptero), Monkey (Macau), Horse (Eques)