PHONETICS I

UNIVERSIDAD LATINA DE PANAMA SEDE DE DAVID

B.A. IN ENGLISH WITH CONCENTRATION IN TRANSLATION

COURSE: PHONETICS 1

BASIC PHONETICAL CONCEPTS

Magister: Yessenia Gonzlez de VargasREAD THE FOLLOWING POEM AND RECORD IT ON YOUR CELL. Send it to the wassap group of the class.

A. Phonetics vs. Phonology

1. What do these terms mean?Phonetics _______________________________________________________________________

Phonology ______________________________________________________________________2. What is the difference between them?________________________________________________________________________________B. Phonetics Alphabet

1. What is a phonetic alphabet?______________________________________________________2. What is the difference between a phonetic alphabet and a traditional alphabet?_________________________________________________________________________3. What are the members of each kind of alphabet called?

4. How are these words pronounced?

ChoirInterest

MachineChrysanthemun

DebtChiropractic

EducateInveigh

DraughtBarbiturate

physicianquinine

5. How do we pronounce the letters ough as in ?Cough

Rough

Though

Through

bough

6. Learners of English as a second language usually have difficulties in understanding native speakers of the language, but also in transmitting what they want to say. This is often due to the fact that English has certain features which require much practice in listening and speaking. One of this features is the spelling system. In relation to this, there are certain situations that we should observe.

In English, different letters may represent a single sound. The following examples will illustrate this fact: through/threw, tall/ sort

A particular letter may represent different sounds: many, ball, cake, car, man, and image.

One sound may be represented by a combination of letters: chaos, ether, that, glacial, cough, elephant, nation, shall, Thomas, meat, loan, maid.

Some letters have no sound: though, pneumonia, sign, whole, wrong, sword, bomb, doubt, male, isle, honor, corps, know.

One letter may represent two sounds: tax

Certain sounds are not represented in the spelling: use (y is not represented), one (w is not represented)

In order to differentiate between letters of the alphabet and the symbols representing sounds, we will enclose the latter in slashes (/ /). The slashes indicate that the symbol stands for a sound.

The study of the speech sounds that all languages use to represent meanings is known as phonetics and it involves the study of the physical properties of the sounds themselves (acoustic phonetics), the study of how the sounds are perceived by the ear (auditory phonetics), and the study and description of the shapes of the vocal tract which produce the different speech sounds (articulatory phonetics). Here we will be concerned only with articulatory phonetics

Practice Write the transcription of these words (consonants only)

lightchemistrythis

scissorsKnifeSinger

whatThumbRegion

missionSignWho

Asiacautionink

signatureyetchair

Practice Say these words backwards. What new words appear? Transcribe the consonants.

1. Tile2. Lace

3. Name4. Top

5. Kate6. Team

7. lack8. Caught

9. fine10. law

C. The Phoneme

1. Definition: __________________________________________________2. The test for phonemes ___________________________3. Minimal pairs _________________________________________________________

Example: _________________4. Phonemes that exist in English but not in Spanish:___________________5. Phoneme that exist in Spanish but not in English:_____________________6. Homonyms _____________________________________________

7. Example: __________________________ Practice Practice the following homonyms. Look for the meaning.

1. Ate2. Know

3. Mane4. Weigh

5. Son6. Red

7. Bee8. Won

9. scene10. to

Practice ChartCashaften

MotherCentImitation

OffGlassTelevision

RightSchoolThink

TheirThereOf

Philosophygentlealthough

D. Consonant vs. Vowels

1. How do we produce consonants? -__________________________________________________2. How do we producevowels? ______________________________________________________3. What is the difference? __________________________________________________________4. What are the glides in English? _____________5. Why are they called semi-vowels? _________________________________

Practice NationThoughtChangePhilosophy

TacksScreamToothSchool

MatchEightThinkWasher

Psychiatrychoirfewquick

E. The clasificatiion criteria for consonants and glidesin English.

1. Oral vs. Nasal

a. How are oral sounds produced?

b. How are nasal sounds produced?

c. Which of the sounds are nasal in English?

2. Voiced vs. voiceless

a. How are voiceless sounds produced?

b. How are voiced sounds produced?

c. Give examples of each one.

d. Are all nasal sounds voiced?

e. How many nasals sounds does English have?

f. How many nasals sounds does Spanish have?

g. Are they the same sounds?

h. Do both English and Spanish have voiced and voiceless sounds?

3. Manner of articulation

a. What does manner of articulation mean?

b. What does articulation mean?

Stop________________________________________________________Fricative: ___________________________________________________Affricate: ___________________________________________________Nasal: ______________________________________________________Liquids: _____________________________________________________Glide: ______________________________________________________4. Places of articulation

a. What does places refer to?

b. Find the major places of articulation in the following diagram.

F. Universality

a. Do all languages have phonemes?

b. Do all languages have minimal pairs?

c. Are the phonemes and minimal pairs the sane for all languages?

d. Do all langauges have manners and places of articulation?

e. Do all languages have consonants and vowels?

f. Do all languages use the tongue and other parts of the mouth as to articulate the sounds of language?

g. The above questions refer to natural languages, that is, languages spoken by people of the world. It does not refer to sign language used by the deaf. Why are they an exception? The principal organs of articulation

For an interactive view click on the link:

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/anatomy.htmONLINE EXTRA MATERIAL TO STUDYPhonetics: the sounds of English and Spanish.

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/CHART OF CONSONANTS SOUNDS AND ARTICULATORS

THE CLASIFICATION OF CONSONANTS AND GLIDESConsonants and glides are classified by several criteria. These are: manner of articulation, place of articulation, and voicing (whether the sound is voiced or voiceless). The classification that results assigns a unique category to each consonants and glide sound. It also allows us to identify groups of sounds which share some similaritiesIn this section, we are going to classify all consonant and glide sounds of English. We will identify the name of each sound, the sound letter correspondences, and the difficulties in acquiring the sound.

We know that a sound does not usually match one particular letter. Instead, one sound can be represented by several letters. We can learn which letters usually represent each sound, so we can have a better chance of guessing the pronunciation of a word we do not know. Sound-letter correspondences refer to the letters that usually correspond to a particular sound. But the match is not perfect.SLA refers to Second Language Acquisition. SLA problems refer to difficulties learners of English have in acquiring some sounds o f English.

We will also try to improve our understanding and pronunciation of sounds that are difficult to acquire.A. Bilabial

1. Symbol / / Key word:________________

Name: _____________________________Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________

SLA problem __________________________________________________ORAL PRACTICE #1 Read aloud the following words, then transcribe them./p/ at the beginning/p/ in the middle/p/ at the end

pen

Open

Top

put

Apart

Cap

pet

Apple

Lip

pay

HappyMap

pig

pepper

Stop

pot

Paper

Soap

pain

SupperPipe

past

airport

Jump

person

people

camp

ORAL PRACTICE #2 Stop it!

Pencil and paper

A piece of pie

Proud as a peacock

Open up!

Practice makes perfect.

The apple and pears are ripe

The ship will stop in Panama

Wash the pots and pans with soap.

Her purple pants are pretty.ORAL PRACTICE #3

I PART. SELF TEST

Read the following sentences aloud. Choose the correct word from the list to fill in the blanks.

A nickname for Peter is ___________

The opposite of war is ___________

Pam bought _________to feed the elephants.

The top of a mountain is called a _________________

The plural of person is ______________

A popular fruit is a ___________

A bird with bright feathers is a _________________

Potatoes should be ______________ before being cooked.

The letter preceding Q is _____________-

Something that annoys you is called a pet_____________

II PART. CONVERSATION Read the dialogue aloud. THE SURPRISE TRIPPABLO: Paulette, I have a surprise! Were taking a trip to Puerto Rico tonight!

PAULETTE: Im very happy. But I need more time to prepare.

PABLO:Thats simple. Ill help you pack.

PAULETTE: Who will care for our pet poodle?

PABLO:Your parents!PAULETTE:Who will pick up the mail?

PABLO:Our neighbor Pete!

PAULETTE:Who will water the plants?

PABLO:Well, put them on the patio.

PAULETTE: Who will pay for the trip?

PABLO: The Company is paying every penny.

PAULETTE:Pablo, youve really planned this.

PABLO:Of course! Im dependable, superior, and a perfectPAULETTE: Pain in the neck! Dont get carried away!

2. Symbol / / Key word:________________

Name: _____________________________

Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________

SLA problem ___________________________________________________Tip: when /b/ follows /m/ in the same syllable, it is usually NOT pronounced

NO SOUND FOR /b/ and /p/

1. Climb

Dont climb up the tree.

2. Comb

May I use your comb?3. Dumb

Thats a dumb thing I did.

4. Lamb

A lamb is a young sheep.

5. Limb

A limb is an arm or a leg.

6. Numb

To be numb is to feel no pain.

7. Thumb

Your thumb is a short, thick finger.

8. Tomb

A tomb is a place where someone is buried.

9. Bomb

A bomb went off in the market.

10. Plumber

A plumber repairs water pipes.

11. Doubt

when in doubt, dont use it.

12. Debt

A debt is something owed to someone else.13. Psalm

A psalm is a religious song or poem.

14. PsychiatristA psychiatrist is a medical doctor who treats mental illness.

15. PsychologistA psychologist also treats mental illness but has no medical degree.

16. Corps

The Marine Corps is part of the Armed Forces

17. Receipt

you should get a receipt when you pay the rent.ORAL PRACTICE #1Read aloud the following words then transcribe them. Consonants only./b/ at the beginning/b/ in the middle/b/ at the end

Beobey

cab

Butbaby

cub

Bat

table

rub

back

habittub

Bestrubber

rib

bone

lobby

rob

bank

cabinknob

boat

label

crib

borrow

ribbon

bulb

Beginneighborrobe

ORAL PRACTICE #2 Read the following phrases and sentences aloud. Then transcribe all the consonant sounds.

Bread and butter Above and below

Baseball game

Black and blue

The bigger the better

Ill be back

Bad habits can be broken.

Bill is in the lobby.

Bob bought a blue bathrobe. Betty was born in Boston.ORAL PRACTICE #3When a stop is the final so und in a word and is followed by another word that begins with the same stop, as in help paint and mob boss, they are linked together and said as one sound. Do not release the air on the first stop, release it on the second one.

1. Top part

would you like the top part of the chicken?

2. Hip pocket

my wallet is in my hip pocket.

3. Deep part

He swims in the deep part of the pool.

4. Keep pushing

why do you keep pushing me away?

5. Grape product

Wine is a grape product.

6. Lab book

Im using my lab book today.

7. Rob Bill

Did you see them rob Bill?

8. Tube broke

The tube broke as I was using it.

9. Disturb Bob

Did you disturb Bob in his office?10. Cab breaks

His cab breaks down all the time.

I PART. SELF TEST. Practice these contrasting sounds.1. Pig big

2. Pill bill

3. Pat bat

4. Pet bet

5. Palate ballot

6. Cap

cab

7. Tap

tab

8. Mop mob

9. Rope robe

10. Lap labII PART. CONVERSATION Read the dialogue aloud.

BETTY:Benito, I bet you forgot my birthday!BENITO:I bet I didnt. I bought you a birthday present.

BETTY:I cant believe it. What did you bring?

BENITO:It begins with the letter B.

BETTY: Oh, boy! It must be a bathrobe. You buy me one every birthday.

BENITO: Its not a bathrobe!

BETTY: Is it a bowling ball?

BENITO: No, its not a bowling ball.

BETTY: It must be a book about boating, your favorite hobby.

BENITO: Betty, you are way off base. I bought you a bracelet. A diamond bracelet!

BETTY: Wow! This is the best birthday preset I ever got. You didnt rob a bank, did you?

BENITO: Dont worry. I didnt beg, borrow, or steal; just dont expect any more presents for a long time. Im broke!

3. Symbol / / Key word:________________

Name: _____________________________

Sound-letter Correspondence: _____________

SLA problem ___________________________________________________PRACTICE #1

Read aloud the following words then transcribe them. Consonants only.

/m/ at the beginning/m/ in the middle/m/ at the end

Mearmy

am

Mayamonghim

Matlemonthem

Moreanimalseem

Milkcameratime

Meansummername

monthhammerroom

mattermailmancome

minutesomethingcomb

PRACTICE # 2

Read the following phrases and sentences aloud. Then transcribe all the consonant sounds.

1. Arm in arm

2. Lemon and lime

3. Summertime

4. Whats your name?

5. What time is it?

6. Dont blame me!

7. The poem doesnt rhyme.

8. Sam is a common American name.

9. What time is my appointment?

10. Tell them to come home.

11. Tim is from a farm.

12. Give Pam some more ham.

13. The home team won the game.

14. The picture frame is made of chrome.

15. Mom makes homemade ice cream.

PRACTICE # 3Practice saying the following words.

SomeSonSung

KimKinKing

DumbDoneDung

ClamClanClang

RumRunRung

PamPanPang

ThemThinThing

Ramranrang

Say Same

seeSeem

gayGame

cryCrime

blueBloom

nayName

gluegloom

| bd de |

a ovslept nd mst ma tren |

slpt n sadwk |

n pr ren |

sprend ma kl |

sknd ma niz |

brok ma lsz |

lst ma kiz |

t stk n i elvetr |

t wdnt o |

| kkt t twas nd stbd ma to |

bt pen t ddnt rat |

lk t bk nd hd fat |

went hom ri |

lkt dr |

krld ntu bed |

kdnt tek t enimr |

|

A BAD DAY

I overslept and missed my train

Slipped on the sidewalk

In the pouring rain

Sprained my ankle

Skinned my knee

Broke my glasses

Lost my keys

Get stuck in the elevator

It wouldnt go

Kicked it twice and stubbed my toe

Bought a pen that didnt write

Look it back and had a fight

Went home angry

Locked the door

Crawled into bed

Couldnt take it anymore.

It is necessary to make a distinction between phonetic and phonemic representation of a sound. The first is theone that represents the actual realization of particular sounds; that is, it includes the specificdetails of the sound. This kind of transcription is enclosed in square brackets ( [ ] ) and is known as narrow transcription.The second, which does not include the details of the sounds, and is enclosed in slashes ( / / ). This is known as narrow transcription.

TONGUE TWISTER

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickle peppers? Where is the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Peacockpeanutspeoplepeeledpeach

PetepeacepeevepeakP

Read these sentences aloud.

Give him a pat for me. Give him a bat for me.

My pet is a year old. My bet is a year old.

Did you take the pill? - Did you take the bill?

Id like to see your palate. - Id like to see you ballot.

Isnt that a little pig? - Isnt that a little big?

Elaborated by: Magister Yessenia G. de VargasPgina 3