PHILOSOPHY

PHILSOPHY

‘DHARSHANAS’

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What are the own activities of men?

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Plant like activities

Eating

Drinking

Respiration

Animal like activities

Jumping

Running

climbing

Mental activitiesImagination

Thinking

Thinking"- To have a conscious mind, to some extent of reasoning, remembering experiences, making rational decisions.

"Imagination"-The faculty of producing ideal creations consistent with reality, as in literature, as distinct from the power of creating illustrative or decorative imagery

Thinking and Imagination

PHILOSOPHY is the higher form of thought and related activities

Why do we think for? Get Information or knowledge

When do we think?

Face contradiction

What we think about?

What do you do when you discover and an endangered animal that only eats endangered plants?

Why is lemon juice mostly artificial ingredients but dishwashing liquid contains real lemons?

If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?

If the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff?

What do you do when you discover and an endangered animal that only eats endangered plants?

Why is lemon juice mostly artificial ingredients but dishwashing liquid contains real lemons?

If the universe is everything, and scientists say that the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into?

If the "black box" survives every plane crash, why not make the entire plane out of that stuff?

What is the nature of the universe?Where does it come from? Of what is it made? How did it come to exist? What is its purpose? By what process does it change?Is it evolving or devolving?Does it function by itself or would it

degenerate to chaos without some kind of intelligent control?

What is reality?

What is mind? what is thought?

Is thought real?

Which is superior: mind or matter?

Has mind created matter or has matter evolved mind?

Where do ideas come from?

Does thought have any importance--does it make any difference in our lives--or is it just fantasy?

What is Truth?

Is there a universal Truth, true for all men forever, or is Truth relative or individual?

Is there a Supreme Being?

If so, what is His nature?

Did He create the universe?

Does He continue to control it personally and if so, at what level?

What is his relationship with man?

Does he intervene in the affairs of man?

Is this Being good?

If this Being is good and all-powerful, how can evil exist?

What is the meaning of life?

Why is the sky blue?

What is beauty?

What is truth?

What is true love?

What is commitment?

Define a great relationship?

Define a great life?

Define success?

Assignment . Try to answer any one of the questions above?

What is the meaning of life?

Why is the sky blue?

What is beauty?

What is truth?

What is true love?

What is commitment?

Define a great relationship?

Define a great life?

Define success?

World is filled with contradictions

‘The spirit of creation is simply the spirit of contradiction.’— Jean Cocteau

What it is for?

How it is?

Why it is?

Philosophy originate from contradictions

He looked the force of nature with awe

He understand the secret of nature

He control and exploit nature

Three stages philosophical quest passed

DEFINITIONNon academic use of the term Philosophy

To show Personal attitudeTo show detachment in lifeTo show universal perspective

Origin of the term

Sophia - wisdomPhelin - to love

Greek word

Philosophy - Love of wisdom

Pythagoran who used this term first

Plato in his Dialogue used this to distinguish the act of thinking that lead to the foundations or root of thing and issues and convictions or ideas resulting from this kind of thinking

What Philosophy seek? How? For what?

* Basic reality *Existence

*Knowledge

*Values etc

It is the rational, systematic and critical enquiry into the basic principles or aspect of any dimension of reality or reality as a whole

DEFINITION

^# Introspection

# Rational synthesisKnow thyself- Socarties

Atma jnanam – Indian saints

Quench thirst for knowledge

^Looking into one's own mind, to find what one thinks and feels. The idea that this process is rather like that of perception, only turned inwards, is rejected by most current philosophers of mind.

EWF Tomlin- Philosophy of East and West - says

“The great Philosophers are merely those for whom the impulse to enquire into the nature of things has become a passion. Thought is the profession from which they never retire….For philosophy is essentially the flower of solitude: it is the unstill and unstillable small voice in each of us which we can ignore at our peril”

Functional meaning

Encarta Dictionary

*Examination of basic concepts - like truth, existence, reality, causality, freedom etc

*System of thought - eg Gandihism

*Guiding or underlying principle - eg Philosophy of History, Philosophy of science etc.,

*Calm resignation - restraint or calmness and rationality in persons behavior

# More than a technical subject that analyses words, concepts and logical procedures.

# More than a game played by academic specialist

# It is an efforts to achieve organized view of themselves and the universe.

“Philosophy I an activity undertaken by human being who are deeply concerned about who they are and what everything means” - Honer Hunt and Okholm

Philosophy

USES

+ Grasp the fundamental assumption of the area of study

+ Inculcate the tendency of questioning

+ Improve our personal life - make aware of the vastness of reality.

+ Grasp the root of our convictions and commitments.

+ Give proper vision to life.

+ Realize the meaning of life.

Classification of Philosophy

Geographical norm

Historical norms Moder

n

Medieval

Ancient

System normPhilosophy Essentialism

Exist

entia

lism

Empiricism

Rationalism

Mate

rialism

Id

ealis

m

Maxims

Pragmatism

African EuropeanAsian

Distinct areas of philosophyMetaphysics Epistemology Axiology

Ontology : The branch of metaphysics dealing with the philosophical theory of reality, number of entities that compose the universe .

Pluralism – recognizing ultimate reality as composed of many elements

Dualism– recognizing two components of ultimate reality

Monism – recognizing one and only one ultimate reality

metaphysics : The branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular

science, traditionally including ontology, cosmology .

Distinct areas of philosophy

Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology

Epistemology the branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, methods, validity, and limits of human knowledge.

Axiology The study of the origin, nature, functions, types and interrelations of value : value theory

Divide in to Epistemology, Metaphysics and Axiology

Philosophy and Science

complementary Show passion for knowledgeBoth

Differ

Origin Philosophy Science

Latin word – Scire – ‘to know’Greek work – Philosophia _ Love of wisdom

FieldNatural science, Physical science and life science

Means Introspection and Rational synthesis Observation and Experiment

Theme Abstract Concrete

Presentation Prescriptive

Descriptive

Religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods

Religion

Religion

individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence

Latin word “religio” -

Origin

Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power

3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle

2. Monotheism - belief in one God

1. Polytheism - belief in many God

Different religious faith

Religion

individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence

Latin word “religio” -

Origin

Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power

3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle

2. Monotheism - belief in one God

1. Polytheism - belief in many God

Different religious faith

Religion

individual inner obligation to ritual and reverence

Latin word “religio” -

Origin

Sacred engagement with what is taken to be spiritual reality - a. creator b. controller c. transcendental power

3. Monism - belief in one and only one divine principle

2. Monotheism - belief in one God

1. Polytheism - belief in many God

Different religious faith