phil. history recitation

8/2/2019 Phil. History Recitation

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The PhilippineAmerican War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or

the Philippine Insurrection (18991902),[12]was an armed conflict between the United

States and Filipino revolutionaries. The conflict arose from the struggle of theFirst

Philippine Republic to gain independence following annexation by the United

States.[13][14]The war was part of a series of conflicts in the Philippine struggle for

independence, preceded by the Philippine Revolution and the SpanishAmerican War.

Fighting erupted between U.S. and Filipino revolutionary forces on February 4, 1899, and

quickly escalated into the 1899 Battle of Manila. On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine

Republic officially declared war against the United States.[15]The war officially ended on

July 4, 1902.[16]However, members of the Katipunan society continued to battle the

American forces. Among them was General Macario Sacay, a veteran Katipunan member

who assumed the presidency of the proclaimed Tagalog Republic, formed in 1902 after the

capture of President Aguinaldo. Other groups, including the Moro people and Pulahanes,

continued hostilities until their defeat at the Battle of Bud Bagsakon June 15, 1913.[10][11]

Opposition to the war inspired the founding of the Anti-Imperialist League on June 15,1898. The war and occupation by the United States would change the cultural landscape of

the islands, as the people dealt with an estimated 34,0001,000,000 casualties,

disestablishment of the Catholic Church as the Philippine state religion (as the United

States allowed freedom of religion), and the introduction of the English language as the

primary language of government and most businesses. In 1916, the United States promised

some self-government, a limited form of which came in 1935. In 1946, following World War

II, the United States gave the territory independence through the Treaty of Manila.

The Struggle for Philippine Independence

The Philippines has a rich cultural history which dates back to about one thousandyears BC. Chinese, Indian, Malayan, Siamese and Arabian cultures became part of itsheritage as immigrants moved to populate the richly trading islands. Written accounts inChinese about the Mayit (the Chinese historians name for the Philippine Islands) fromthe 13th and 14th centuries wrote about Philippine products such as gold, pearls, betelnut, edible birds nests, cotton, hemp and yellow wax which were traded for silk, beads,umbrellas, porcelainware, bronze gongs and lead sinkers for fishnets.

Because they had organized societies, the Philippine islanders had leaders who

formally made treaties with the first Spaniards who visited the islands in 1521. Sacredcovenants of friendship between the Filipinos and the Spaniards were made.Unfortunately, the Spaniards did not keep their promise of friendship. The foreignersrowdy conduct and the rape of Cebuano women led to a bloody war. The angryislanders, led by Humabon, Lapu-Lapu and other chieftains, forced the foreigners to ahasty retreat.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1899)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-worcester1914p180-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-worcester1914p180-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-worcester1914p180-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katipunanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macario_Sacayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulahaneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bud_Bagsakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-Past-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-Past-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-Past-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Anti-Imperialist_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Anti-Imperialist_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-Past-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-Past-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bud_Bagsakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulahaneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macario_Sacayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katipunanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-worcester1914p180-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1899)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War#cite_note-11


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Unfortunately, Spain was a world superpower which the Filipinos could not keep outforever. Attracted by gold and spices, Spain eventually conquered and colonized thePhilippines. However, the loss of sovereignty did not vanish the Filipino love of libertyand freedom. Through the centuries, men and women, like Diego Silang and his wifeGabriela, organized revolts which fanned the flame of freedom and independence.

The Filipinos were not allowed to govern themselves in their own land. They were notallowed to learn the Spanish language lest they understand the rules of government.They were forcibly divided and conquered by fostering hatred among the regions.Filipino soldiers from Cavite were used to quell rebellion in Batangas and those fromBatangas were used to quell rebellion in Ilocos. Yet the desire of Filipinos for nationalunity did not vanish despite great odds.

Two public executions, in 1872 of three Filipino priests and in 1896 of an innocent andpeace-loving medical doctor, shattered any hope of reform and justice under a colonialgovernment. The intense desire for freedom united the Filipinos together. Peasants,

writers, artists, politicians, teachers and church leaders set aside their differences andjoined the struggle for independence.

Finally, on June 12, 1898, in conclusion of a 300 year war of attrition and undergroundrebellion, the Philippine flag was raised and The First Philippine Republic wasproclaimed. Sovereign at last. Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!

In my own opinion, I considered Dr. Jose Rizal as a national hero because hes a multifaceted

individual both through the mind and manipulative areas, not to mention his inherit character

and the love to people, especially to the poor. His sensitivity to the needs of others wasoverwhelming as evidenced by his sincere services to the people as doctor, engineer, teacher,

artist, farmer and the like. He fought through his pen, books and knowledge. He did not fight

through guns and swords. With the articles he has written, of which most of the topics

discussed were all about slavery and abused, he has touched lives, awakened the people, but

also provoked the Spaniards thus sent him to jail. But even then, he was still fighting, not for

himself or for his family, but more for his people, for us through his ideas, through poems and

other written articles.

But whether a national hero or not, he did a very good job for us considering the fact that he

had set us all free from slavery and better education. Hes a very good example and an

inspiration to us, most specially to students because of his intelligence and boldness. He was

not a traitor. He had faced death with boldness. He had proven the saying that goes, A pen is

mightier than sword and proven that you can have greatness if Youre putting God first in all of

your aspirations.


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The death of Fathers Gomes, Burgos, and Zamora marked the dawn of Filipino nationalism.

After their death, the propaganda era immediately followed, in the personas ofour propagandists

such as Graciano Lopez Jaena, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Jose Rizal, and others.

We could see that when the three martyrs have not yet been executed, the struggle for freedom

is expressed through uprisings. When the three martyrs were executed out of their innocence, theconcept of freedom was then perceived in a larger scale, encompassing all Filipinos.

The three martyrs served as an inpiration to the propagandists. In this light, we could see how

the death of the GOMBURZA sparked the sleeping spirits of the Filipinos.

In relation to the present Philippines, we can see that the Filipinos are moved with innocent

deaths. When Ninoy Aquino was assassinated, the Filipinos surprisingly became united to

overthrow the regime of Marcos. The fearful Filipinos suddenly acquired courage to stand

against the oppression of former president Ferdinan Marcos.

We can see that when people try to destabilize the status quo and condemn the unjust acts of

the power elite, they fall into a tragic fate, just like what happened to the GOMBURZA.

Nevrtheless, the Filipinos, being sympathetic and soft-hearted, are easily carried away by such

instances. Hence, tragic events can really spark the hearts and spirits of the Filipinos; and it also

serves as a strong motivating force for the Filipinos. Such events unite the Filipinos to achieve a

common goal or to fight for a common cause.

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