phil gov and constitution lecture

7/30/2019 Phil Gov and Constitution Lecture

1/41

Meaning and Objective of a Preamble

The term preamble is derived from the Latinpreambulare which means to "to walk before".

It is an introduction to the main subject. It is the prologue of the Constitution.

A preamble is not a necessary part of a Constitution, but it is always advisable to have one.

Majority of the constitutions of the world contain a preamble. The objective of a preamble is

to set down origin and purposes of the Constitution and to serve as an aid in its

interpretation.

Methods of Constitutional Amendments or Revisions

The Constitution of the Philippines may be amended or revised through:

1. Constituent assembly - The Congress shall constitute itself into a constituent assembly

and upon a vote three-fourths may amend or revise the constitution.

2. Constitutional Convention - The Congress, by a vote of two-thirds of all its members, shall

call a constitutional convention or, by a majority vote of all its members, shall submit to to

the electorate the question of calling such a convention.

3. Initiative - the people, through initiative upon petition of the required number of

registered voters, shall directly propose the amendment.

In all cases, the amendment or revision shall only becomes valid upon ratification by the

majority of the voters in a plebiscite called for that purpose.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT4:17 PMNO COMMENTS:

Classification and Forms of Constitution1. According to Origin:

Conventional or Enacted - one which is enacted by a constituent assemble or granted by a

ruler to his subjects.
http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/methods-of-constitutional-amendments-or.html


2/41

Cumulative or evolved - one which is a product of growth or a long period of development

origination in customs, traditions, judicial decisions, and others, rather than from a

deliberate and formal enactment

2. According to form:

Written - one which has been given definite written form at a particular time.

Unwritten - one which is entirely the product of political evolution, consisting largely of a

mass of customs, usages and judicial decisions, and statutory enactments.

3. According to difficulty of amendment or revision:

Rigid or inelastic - one which cannot be amended or altered except by some special

machinery more cunbrous than the ordinary legislative process.

Flexible or elastic - one which may be altered in the same way as other laws.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT3:52 PM2 COMMENTS:

The Constitution

In its broader sense, constitution is that body of of rules and principles in accordance with

which the powers of sovereignty are regularly exercised.

With particular reference to the Constitution of the Philippines, constitution is that written

instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited,

and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or

branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.


Inherent Powers of the Government

Power of Eminent Domain - Eminent domain is the right or power of a sovereign state to

appropriate private property to particular uses to promote public welfare. It is an

indispensable attribute of sovereignty; a power grounded in the primary duty of government

to serve the common need and advance the general welfare.
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/constitution.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/classification-and-forms-of.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


3/41

Police Power is the power of the government to regulate behaviors and enforce order

within its territory, often framed in terms of public welfare, security, health, and safety. The

exercise of police power can be in the form of making laws, compelling obedience to those

laws through physical means with the aim of removing liberty, legal sanctions, or other

forms of coercion and inducements.

Power of Taxation the power to impose and collect taxes and charges on individuals,

goods, services, and other to support the operation of the government.

Funds provided by taxation have been used by states and their functional equivalents

throughout history to carry out many functions. Some of these include expenditures on war,

the enforcement of law and public order, protection of property, economic infrastructure

(roads, legal tender, enforcement of contracts, etc.), public works, social engineering, and

the operation of government itself. Governments also use taxes to fund welfare and public

services. These services can include education systems, health care systems, pensions for the

elderly, unemployment benefits, and public transportation. Energy, water and waste

management systems are also common public utilities.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT10:33 AMNO COMMENTS:

Functions of GovernmentConstituent functions the usual function of the government

(1) The keeping of order and providing for the protection of persons and property from

violence and robbery.

(2) The fixing of the legal relations between man and wife and between parents and

children.

(3) The regulation of the holding, transmission, and interchange of property, and the

determination of its liabilities for debt or for crime.

4) The determination of contract rights between individuals.
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/inherent-powers-of-government.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


4/41

(5) The definition and punishment of crime.

(6) The administration of justice in civil causes.

(7) The determination of the political duties, privileges, and relations of citizens.

(8) Dealings of the state with foreign powers: the preservation of the state from external

danger or encroachment and the advancement of its international interests.

Ministrant functions - other functions which are undertaken, not by way of governing, but

by way of advancing the general interests of society, - functions which are optional, being

necessary only according to standards of convenience or expediency, and not according to

standards of existence

(1) The regulation of trade and industry. Under this head I would

include the coinage of money and the establishment of standard weights and

measures, laws against forestalling and engrossing, the licensing of trades,

etc., as well as the great matters of tariffs, navigation laws, and the like.

(2) The regulation of labor.

(3) The maintenance of thoroughfares, - including state management of

railways and that great group of undertakings which we embrace within the

comprehensive term 'Internal Improvements.'

(4) The maintenance of postal and telegraph systems.

(5) The manufacture and distribution of gas, the maintenance of water-

works, etc.

(6) Sanitation, including the regulation of trades for sanitary purposes.


5/41

(7) Education.

(8) Care of the poor and incapable.

(9) Care and cultivation of forests and like matters, such as the

stocking of rivers with fish.


Forms of Government

1. According to the number of people exercising political power: Monarchy, Oligarchy,

Democracy

a. Monarchy - ruled by a monarch (king,queen, emperor, etc.)

Absolute monarchy - the monarch has absolute poewer

Limited or constitutional monarchy - the monarch is the symbolic head of state within the

perimeters of a constitution.

b. Oligarchy - political power is exercised by a few who belongs to a privileged class.

c. Democracy - political power is exercised by the majority of the people

Direct democracy - the will of the estate is formulated or expressed directly or immediately

through the people in a mass meeting or assmbly.

Indirect democracy - the will of the estate is formulated or expressed through a select body

of persons chosen by the people to act as their representative.

2. According to legitimacy: De facto and De jure

A de facto government is a government wherein all the attributes of sovereignty have, by

usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others,
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/functions-of-government.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


6/41

who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their

stead.

De jure government is a government which rules legally and with the consent of the people,

in contrast with a de facto government, which takes control of a country by force.

3. According to the relationship between the three branches of government: Presidential

and Parliamentary

A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and

presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and

which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.

Features of Presidential System:

The president does not propose bills. However, the president has the power to veto acts of

the legislature.

The president has a fixed term of office. Elections are held at scheduled times and cannot

be triggered by a vote of confidence or other such parliamentary procedures.

The executive branch is unipersonal. Members of the cabinet serve at the pleasure of the

president and must carry out the policies of the executive and legislative branches.

The power to pardon or commute sentences of convicted criminals is often in the hands of

the heads of state in governments that separate their legislative and executive branches of

government.

A parliamentary system is a system of government wherein the ministers of the executive

branch are drawn from the legislature, and are accountable to that body, such that the

executive and legislative branches are intertwined. In such a system, the head of

government is both de facto chief executive and chief legislator.

Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the

executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances

compared to those found in presidential systems. Parliamentary systems usually have a

clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of


7/41

government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a

figurehead, often either a president (elected either popularly or by the parliament) or a

hereditary monarch (often in a constitutional monarchy).

4. According to the extent of power of the national government: Unitary and Federal

A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central

government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only

powers that the central government chooses to delegate.

A federal system of government is one that divides the powers of government between the

national (federal) government and state and local governments. Under federalism, each

level of government has sovereignty in some areas and shares powers in other areas.

In a unitary state, subnational units are created and abolished and their powers may be

broadened and narrowed, by the central government. Although political power in unitary

states may be delegated through devolution to local government by statute, the central

government remains supreme.

In federal states, by contrast, states or other subnational units share sovereignty with the

central government, and the states comprising the federation have an existence and power

functions that cannot be unilaterally changed by the central government.


State vs. Government

The government is only the agency through which the state expresses its will. As an essential

element of the state, a state cannot exist without a government, but it is possible to have a

government without a state.

A government may change, its form may change, but the state, as long as its essential

elements are present, remains the same.


State vs. Nation
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-government.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/forms-of-government.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


8/41

State is a political concept, while nation is an ethnic concept. A nation is a group of people

bound together by a common social origin, language, customs, and traditions, and who

believe that they are one and distinct from others.

A state is not subject to external control while a nation may or may not be independent.

A single state may consist of one or several nations and a single nation may also be made up

of several states.


Elements of State

1. People - the population living in a state.

2. Territory - includes the land, the rivers, the sea, and the air space which the jurisdiction of

the sate extends.

3. Government - the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and

carried out.

4. Sovereignty or independence - the power to command and enforce obedience free from

foreign control.


Origin of State

There are several theories on the origin of state, but it is not known exactly which is of them

is the correct one.

1. Divine right theory - state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern

the people.

2. Necessity or force theory - state is created through force, by strong warriors who imposed

their will upon the weak.

3. Paternalistic theory - state comes from the expansion of family, under the authority of the
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/elements-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state-vs-nation.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


9/41

father. Family grew into a clan, then developed into tribe which broadened into a nation,

and a nation became a state.

4. Social contract theory - states have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact

among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good.


The State

A state is a community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite

portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great of inhabitants

render obeience, and enjoying freedom from external control.


Tools of Politics: Power and Authority

Power - refers broadly to any ability to effect change or exert control over either things or

people, subjects or objects.

Authority - refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise that power.

In government, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power". However,

their meanings differ: while "power" is defined as "the ability to influence somebody to do

something that he could not have done", "authority" refers to a claim of legitimacy, the

justification and right to exercise that power. For example, whilst a mob has the power to

punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider

that only a court of law has the authority to order capital punishment.


Social Science and Political Science

Social sciences are the fields of scientific knowledge and academic scholarship that study

social groups and, more generally, human society. As such, of one of the branches of social

science is political science which is the systematic study of state and government. The word

"political" comes from the Greek word "polis", meaning a city, or what today would be the

equivalent of sovereign state. The word science is from the Latin word "scire", "to know".
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/social-science-and-political-science.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/social-science-and-political-science.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/tools-of-politics-power-and-authority.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/state.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/10/origin-of-state.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


10/41

Political science is a very comprehensive field. Its curriculum is almost certain to include

courses in political theory, public law, and public administration as well as in various more

specialized subjects such as local government, political parties, elections, public opinions,

and others.

M O N D A Y , N O V E M B E R 2 3 , 2 0 0 9

The Inviolability of the Separation of Church and State (Sec. 6,Art. II)

This simply means that the Church is not to interfere in purely political matters or temporal

aspect of mans life, and the State will not interfere in matters purely of religion and morals.

* The term Church covers all faiths.

* The State shall have no official religion

* The State cannot set up a church, whether or not supported with public funds, nor aid any

religion.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT7:35 AM1 COMMENT:

Maintenance of Peace and Order, etc. (Sec. 5, Art. II)

Only when peace and order, security, and life of dignity are established and maintained, will

political stability and economic prosperity become attainable and the people truly enjoy the

blessings of independence and democracy.


Defense of the State by the People Against Foreign Aggression(Sec. 4, Art. II)

For self-preservation and to defend its territorial honor and integrity, the Philippines can

engage in a defensive war and as such it may call upon the people to defend the state and

may require all citizens to render personal military or civil service.


To Serve and Protect the People as the Prime Duty of theGovernment (Sec. 4, Art. II)
http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/defense-of-state-by-people-against.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/maintenance-of-peace-and-order-etc-sec.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/inviolability-of-separation-of-church.html


11/41

The prime duty of the state to serve and protect the people is consistent with the basic

democratic principle that government exists for the people and not the people for the

government.


Supremacy of Civilian Authority Over Military Authority (Sec. 3,Art. II)

This is inherent in a republican state like the Philippines and it was impliedly provided in

our past constitutions. Because of our experience in martial law rule, however, the framers

of our 1987 Constitution deemed it proper to make a clear expression of this policy.


Adherence to the Policy of Peace, Equality, Justice, Freedom,Cooperation and Amity with All Nations (Sec. 2, Art. II)

This shows that the Philippines seeks only peace and friendship with all the countries of the

world, regardless of race, creed, ideology and political system, in line with the Charter of the

United Nations. The Philippines, however, is not duty bound to extend diplomatic

recognition to all nations.


Adoption of international Law as Part of the Law of the Land (Sec.2, Art. II)

International Law is the body of rules and principles which governs the relations of nations

and their respective people in their intercourse with one another.

The Philippines obliged itself to enforce or observe within its territory, the generally

accepted principles of international law, whether customary or by treaty provision, as part

of the law of the land.

However, should a conflict arise between the customary or treaty provision of the

international law and our Constitution, the latter prevails.

http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adoption-of-international-law-as-part.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/adherence-to-policy-of-peace-equality.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/supremacy-of-civilian-authority-over.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/to-serve-and-protect-people-as-prime.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


12/41

Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy (Sec. 2,Art. II)

The declaration refers only to the renunciation of aggressive war, not war in defense of our

national integrity and honor because the right of self-preservation cannot be waived by any

state.


Means through which Filipinos Exercise Sovereignty (Sec. 1, Art.II)

1. Directly through suffrage actual sovereignty is exercised by the people through the

electoral process.

2. Indirectly through public officials sovereignty is exercised by duly elected and

appointed public officials who, as public servants, are accountable to the people.


Manifestations of a Democratic and Republican State (Sec. 1, Art.II)

1. The existence of a bill of rights;

2. The observance of the rule of majority;

3. The observance of the principle that ours is a government of laws, and not of men;

4. The presence of elections through popular will;

5. The observance of the principle of separation of powers and the system of checks and

balances;

6. The observance of the principle that the legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws;

7. The observance of the law on public officers; and

8. The observance of the principle that the State cannot be sued without its consent.
http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/means-through-which-filipinos-exercise.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/renunciation-of-war-as-instrument-of.html


13/41


Democratic and Republican State (Sec. 1, Art. II)

Republican government is a democratic government by representatives chosen by the

people at large.

The word democratic was added because our government also has some features of a

direct democracy such as initiative, referendum, and recall.


S U N D A Y , N O V E M B E R 1 , 2 0 0 9

The Archipelagic Principle of Territory

An archipelago, like the Philippines, shall be regarded as a single unit, so that the waters

around, between, and connecting its islands, irrespective of their breadth and dimensions,

form part of the internal waters of the state, and therefore subject to its exclusive

sovereignty.

The Archipelagic Principle of Territory is an exception to the 12-mile rule which provides

that the territorial sea of a state extends to 12 nautical miles from the low-watermark.


National Territory of the Philippines

1. The Philippine archipelago with all the islands and waters embraced therein;

2. All the territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction;

3. the terrestrial, fluvial, areail domains including the territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil,

the insular shelves, and other submarine areas thereof; and

4. the internal waters.

Archipelago is a group of islands and the sea around that islands which geographically be

considered as an independent whole.
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/archipelagic-principle-of-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/democratic-and-republican-state-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/manifestations-of-democratic-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


14/41

The term "all the territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction" is a

cover-all for pending Philippine claim to Sabah, the Spratley islands, and the Marianas

islands. The same merely provided for the possibility that said territories might eventually

become a part of the Philippines and not settle the question of whether they belong to the

Phulippines by historic right or legal title.

The territorial sea is that part of the sea extending 12 nautical miles (19 km.) from the low-

watermark. The seabedrefers to the land that holds the sea, lying beyondthe seashore,

including mineral and natural resources. The subsoilis everything beneath the surface soil

and the seabed, including mineral and natural resources. The insular shelves are the

submerged portions of a continent or offshore island, which slope gently seaward from the

low waterline to a point where a substantial break in grade occurs, at which point of the

bottom slopes seaward at a considerable increase in slope until the great ocean depths are

reached. Other submarine areas refer to all areas under the territorial sea.


Necessity of the Provision on National Territory

1.Binding force of such provision under international law - a State under international law

has the unquestioned right to assert jurisdiction throughout the extent of its territory. The

delimitation of one's territory, however, is none binding upon other states who are not

precluded from claiming title to territories which they think is theirs. In any case, territorial

disputes have to be settled according to the rules of international law.

2. Value of provision defining our national territory - the provision is important in order to

make known to the world the areas over which we assert title or ownership to avoid future

conflicts with other states.

3.Acquisition of other territories - the definition of our national territory on our

Constitution does not prevent us from acquiring other territories in the future through any

of the means sanctioned by international law.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT3:05 PM1 COMMENT:

National Territory

NATIONAL TERRITORY
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/necessity-of-provision-on-national.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory-of-philippines.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


15/41

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters

embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or

jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial

sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters

around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth

and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. (Section 1, Art. I)


National Purposes and Aims in Adopting the PhilippineContitution as Set Forth in the Preamble

1. To build a just and humane society; and

2. To establish a Government that shall: a.) embody our ideals; b.) promote the common

good; c.) conserve and develop our patrimony; and d.) secure to ourselves and our posterity

the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,

justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace.


Meaning and Objective of a Preamble

The term preamble is derived from the Latinpreambulare which means to "to walk before".

It is an introduction to the main subject. It is the prologue of the Constitution.

A preamble is not a necessary part of a Constitution, but it is always advisable to have one.

Majority of the constitutions of the world contain a preamble. The objective of a preamble is

to set down origin and purposes of the Constitution and to serve as an aid in its

interpretation.


The Preamble

PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/meaning-and-objective-of-preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-purposes-and-aims-in-adopting.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/national-territory.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


16/41

just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and

aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to

ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of

law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and

promulgate this Constitution.

POSTED BY LOLOY COMPENDIO AT2:19 PM3 COMMENTS:

Limitations on the Right to Privacy of Communication andCorrespondence (Sec. 3, Art. III)

The right to privacy of communication and correspondence is not violated when the

interference is made:

1. Upon lawful order of the court; or

2. When public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.


Right to Privacy of Communication and Correspondence (Sec. 3,Art. III)

The right to privacy is concisely defined as the right to be left alone.

The right to privacy of communication and correspondence allows persons to correspond

and communicate with each other without the State having a right to pry into such

correspondence and communication.

Any evidence obtained in violation of the above-mentioned right is inadmissible for any

purpose in any proceedings.


When Arrest May Be Made Without Warrant (Sec. 2, Art. III)

A peace officer or private person may, without a warrant, arrest a person:

1. When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing,

or is attempting to commit an offense;
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-privacy-of-communication-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/limitations-on-right-to-privacy-of.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/11/preamble.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


17/41

2. When an offense has in fact just been committed and he has personal knowledge of facts

indicating that the person to be arrested has committed it; and

3. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment

or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while his case is

pending, or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement to another.


When Search and Seizure May Be Made Without Warrant (Sec. 2,Art. III)

1. When there is consent or waiver;

2. When search is an incident to a lawful arrest;

3. In the case of a contraband or forfeited goods being transported by ship, automobile, or

other vehicle, where the officer making it has reasonable cause for believing that the latter

contains them, in view of the difficulty attendant to securing a search warrant;

4. Where, without a search, the possession of articles prohibited by is disclosed to plain view

or is open to eye and hand;

5. As an incident of inspection, supervision, and regulation in the exercise of police power;

6. Routinary searches usually made at the border or at ports of entry in the interest of

national security and for the proper enforcement of customs and immigration laws.


Requisites for Valid Search Warrant and Warrant of Arrest (Sec.2. Art. III)

1. It must be issued upon probable cause;

2. The probable cause must be determined personally by the judge himself;
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-search-and-seizure-may-be-made.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/when-arrest-may-be-made-without-warrant.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


18/41

3. The determination of the existence of probable cause must be made after examination by

the judge of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce; and

4. The warrant must particularly describe the place to be searched, and the persons or

things to be seized.


Search Warrant and Warrant of Arrest (Sec. 2, Art. III)

A search warrant is an order in writing, issued in the name of the Republic of the

Philippines, signed by a judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for

a certain property and bring it before the court. If the command is to arrest a person

designated, the written order is called warrant of arrest.


Right Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures (Sec. 2, Art.III)

In general, all illegal searches and seizures are unreasonable while lawful ones are

reasonable. But what constitute a reasonable or unreasonable search or seizure is a purely

judicial question of which only the courts can rule upon.


Right to Equal Protection of the Laws (Sec. 1, Art. III)

Equal Protection of the laws signifies that all persons subject to legislation should be

treated alike, under like circumstances and conditions, both in the privileges conferred and

liabilities imposed.

The guarantee does not require that persons or things different in fact be treated in law as

though they were the same. What it prohibits is class legislation which discriminates against

some and favors others when both are similarly situated or circumstanced.

Where there are reasonable grounds for so doing, persons or their properties may be

grouped into classes to each of which special legal rights o liabilities may be attached.

http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-to-equal-protection-of-laws-sec-1.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/right-against-unreasonable-searches-and.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/search-warrant-and-warrant-of-arrest.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/requisites-for-valid-search-warrant-and.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


19/41

Persons Protected Under Sec. 1, Art. III)

The term persons in Sec. 1, Art. III embraces all persons within the territorial jurisdiction

of the Philippines, without regard to any difference of race, color, or nationality, including

aliens.

Private corporations are also persons within the scope of Sec. 1, Art. III insofar as their

property is concerned.


Aspects of Due Process of Law (Sec. 1, Art. III)

1. Procedural due process refers to the method or manner by which the law is enforced.

The indispensable requisites of this aspect of due process are the requirements of notice and

hearing.

2. Substantive due process requires that the law itself is fair, reasonable and just. In other

words, no person should be deprived of his life, liberty, or property for arbitrary reasons or

on flimsy grounds.


Meaning of Due Process of Law (Sec. 1, Art. III)

There is no exact definition of due process of law because the same is applicable under so

many diverse conditions as to make any attempt at precise definition impossible. For our

purpose, however, we can safely say that any deprivation of life, liberty, or property by the

State is with due process if it is done (1) under the authority of a law that is valid, or of the

Constitution itself, and (2) after compliance with fair and reasonable methods of procedure

prescribed by law.


W E D N E S D A Y , D E C E M B E R 2 , 2 0 0 9

Classification of Constitutional Rights (Art. III)

1. Political rights those rights of the citizens which give them the power to participate,

directly or indirectly, in the establishment or administration of the government.
http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/meaning-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/aspects-of-due-process-of-law-sec-1-art.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/persons-protected-under-sec-1-art-iii.html


20/41

2. Civil rights those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals

for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of livelihood.

3. Social and economic rights those rights which are intended to insure the well-being and

economic security of the individual

4. Rights of the accused those rights intended for the protection of a person who is

accused of any crime.


Classes of Rights (Art. III)

1. Natural rights rights which are possessed by every citizen without being granted by the

State for they are given to man by God as a human being so that he may live a happy life.

2. Constitutional rights rights which are conferred and protected by the Constitution.

3. Statutory rights rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body

and may be abolished by the same body.


Bill of Rights (Art. III)A bill of rights is a declaration and enumeration of a persons rights and privileges which the

Constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government or by an individual

or groups of individuals. It is a charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon

the power of the State.


Disqualified Voters (Art. V)

1. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less

than one year, such disability not having been removed by plenary pardon or granted

amnesty. But such person shall automatically reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of

five years after service of sentence.

2. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by competent court of having
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/bill-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classes-of-rights-art-iii.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2009/12/classification-of-constitutional-rights.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


21/41

committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government such as

rebellion, sedition, violation of anti-subversion and firearms law, or any crime against

national security, unless restored to his full civil and political rights in accordance with law.

Such person shall likewise automatically regain his right to vote upon expiration of five

years after service of sentence.

3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent courts.


Qualifications of Filipino Voters (Art. V)

1. a citizen of the Philippines;

2. not otherwise disqualified by law;

3. at least eighteen years of age; and

4. Have resided in the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place he proposes to

vote for at least six months preceding the election.


Forms of Suffrage (Art. V)1. Election the means by which the people choose their officials for definite and fixed

period and to whom they entrust the exercise of powers of government.

2. Plebiscite It refers to a vote of the people expressing their choice for or against a

proposed law or enactment submitted to them.

3. Referendum It is the submission of a law or part thereof passed by legislative body to

the voting citizens of a country for ratification or rejection.

4. Initiative the process whereby the people directly propose and enact laws or

amendments to the Constitution.
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/qualifications-of-filipino-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/disqualified-voters-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


22/41

5. Recall It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his

tenure or before the expiration of his term by a vote of the people.


Suffrage (Art. V)Suffrage is the right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of certain

national and local government and in the decision of public questions submitted to the

people.


Kinds of Philippine Citizenship (Art. IV)

1. Natural Born those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to

perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship.

2. Naturalized those who are non-filipino citizens from birth but who later acquired

Filipino citizenship through a judgment of the court, an act of congress, or an administrative

proceedings.


Who are citizens of the Philippines (Art. IV)

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of the 1986

Constitution;

2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens are citizens of the Philippines;

3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship

upon reaching the age of majority; and

4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.


Methods of Acquiring Citizenship (Art. IV)

1. Involuntary Method acquired because of blood relationship or place of birth.
http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/methods-of-acquiring-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/methods-of-acquiring-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/who-are-citizens-of-philippines-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/kinds-of-philippine-citizenship-art-iv.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336http://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.html#comment-formhttp://philgovernment.blogspot.com/2010/01/forms-of-suffrage-art-v.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00866504502673388336


23/41

a. Jus sanguinis principle Blood relationship is the basis for the acquisition of citizenship.

b. Jus soli principle Place of birth serves as the basis for the a

phil gov and constitution lecture

Documents