article 6 sections 25 32 phil. constitution
TRANSCRIPT
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Article VISections 25-32
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SECTION 25.1
The Congress may not increase the appropriations recommended by
the President for the appropriation of the Government
as specified in the budget. The form, content, and manner of preparation of budget shall be
prescribed by law.
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What is a BUDGET?
It is the financial year program of the national
government for a designated calendar
year.
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Submission of proposed budget by the President,
pursuant to Art. VII Sec. 22, is intended as a guide for
the budget to follow.
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Increase of appropriation
recommended by the President
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1. For the executive department-Congress may not increase the appropriation.
2. For legislative; judicial departments and congressional
bodies- Neither can Congress increase its outlay. Judiciary’s
may not be reduced.
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SECTION 25.2
No provision or enactment shall be embraced in the general appropriations bill unless it relates specifically to some
particular appropriation therein. Any such provision or enactment shall be
limited in its operation to the appropriation to which it relates.
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A Rider is a provision or enactment inserted in the general
appropriations bill which does not relate to some particular
appropriations therein.
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SECTION 25.3
The procedure in approving appropriations for the Congress shall
strictly follow the procedure for approving appropriations for other
departments and agencies.
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This provides a safeguard against the abuse or misuse by Congress
of its power to appropriate.
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SECTION 25.4
A special appropriations bill shall specify the purpose for which it is intended, and shall be supported
by funds actually available as certified by the National Treasurer, or to be raised by a corresponding
revenue proposal therein.
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Requirements with respect to special appropriations bill
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The Constitution requires that:
1. It should specify the purpose for which it is intended.
2. It should be supported by funds actually available as
certified to by the National Treasurer.
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Requirement to insure a balanced budget:
The Constitution requires that thelevel of expenditures must bewithin the level of the revenues.
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SECTION 25.5
No law shall be passed authorizing any transfer of
appropriations; however, the President, the President of the
Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, and the Heads of the Constitutional
Commisions may…
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SECTION 25.6
Discretionary funds appropriated for particular officials shall be disbursed
only for public purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers
and subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.
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When is the appropriation for discretionary funds is allowed?
When it is not possible to determine beforehand when the expenditures have to be
made, exact amounts needed, and the specific use
thereof.
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Conditions for discretionary funds:1. The disbursement must be only for public purposes;
2. It must be supported by appropriate vouchers; and
3. It must be subject to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.
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SECTION 25.7
If, by the end of any fiscal year, the Congress shall have failed to pass the
general appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general appropriations law
for the preceeding fiscal year shall be deemed reenacted and shall remain in
force and effect until the general appropriations bill is passed by the
Congress.
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Fiscal Year-is the period beginning with the
31st day of January and ending with the 31st day of December of each
calendar year.
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SECTION 26.1
Every bill passed by the Congress shall embrace only one subject which shall be expressed in the title thereof.
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Purposes of constitutional requirement:
1. To prevent hodge-podge orlog-rolling legislation.
2. To prevent surprise or fraud upon the legislature.
3. To inform the people, through such publications.
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What is hodge-podge or log-rolling legislation?
Refers to any legislation that have several subjects on unrelated matters combined together.
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The constitutional provision prohibits the passage of two classes of bills:
1. A bill containing riders (Section 25.2)
2. A bill which embodies different subjects.
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Exceptions to the requirement:
1. Local ordinances as they do not partake of the nature of laws.
2. Proper codifications and revisions of statutes.
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SECTION 26.2
No bill passed by either House shall become a law unless it has passed
three readings on separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have been distributed to its members three days before its passage, except
when the President certifies to the necessity of its immediate
enactment…
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Purpose of three readings of bill:
1. To prevent hasty and improvident legislation and
the railroading of bills.
2. To compel the careful examination of proposed law.
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Purpose of yeas and nays in the journal:
1. To fix upon each member the responsibility for his
action in legislation.
2. To furnish conclusive evidence whether the bill has been passed by the requisite majority or not.
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Steps in the passage of a bill
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First Reading- scheduling; inclusions of other authors.
Referral to appropriate committee-Conducts hearing and consultation; forwarded to Committee on Rules.
Second Reading- Read with its amendments.
Debates- Amendments of any members of
Congress; pass or kill the bill.
Printing and distribution-Printed in
final form and distributed 3 days before its passage.
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Third Reading- Nominal voting; a member may abstain; yeas and nays entered in the journal.
Referral to the other House-
The same procedure takes place; signed by
the Senate President and
Speaker of House of Rep.
Submission to joint
bicameral committee-
Reconcilation of conflicting
provisions from both
Houses.
Submission to the President-Either signs it
into law or vetoes it with a duration of
30 days.
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SECTION 27.1
Every bill passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a law, be presented
to the President. If he approves the same, he shall sign it; otherwise he shall
veto it and return the same with his objections to the House where it originated, which shall enter the
objections at large in its Journal and proceed to reconsider it…
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Definition of terms:
BILL is a draft of a law submitted to the consideration of a legislative body for its adoption.
Statute is the written will of legislature as an organized body expressed according to the form necessary to constitute it into law; act.
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How are statutes identified:
1. Serial numbers (Republic Act No. 386)
2. Special titles (Civil Code of the Philippines)
3. Enactments by the Batasang Pambansa (Batasang Pambansa Blg. 25)
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Formal Parts of a law
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When will a bill may become a law?
1. When the President approves the bill by signing it.
2. When he vetoes the bill and returns the same with his objections to the House where
it originated, and the same is repassed over his veto by a vote of two-thirds.
3. If the President does not communicate within 30 days.
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SECTION 27.2
The President shall have the power to veto any particular item or items
in an appropriation, revenue, or tariff bill, but the veto shall not
affect the item or items to which he does not object.
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VETO- is the Latin term for “I forbid” or
“I deny.”
1. To enable the executive department to protect its integrity as an equal branch of the government.
2. To provide a check on hasty, corrupt, or ill-considered legislation.
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POCKET VETO is not allowed.the disapproval of a bill by inaction of the President.
PARTIAL VETO is allowed.Provided in Section 27.2 whichgrants the President to vetoparticular items provided thatother items he approves shallnot be affected.
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RESOLUTION- has been identified as a formal expression of opinion,
will, or intent by an official body or assembled group.
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Use of resolutions:
1. The rules of procedure of a lawmaking body, orders imposing some penalty upon any of its members would be embodied in the resolution.
3. Under Section 28.2, the power to tarrif rates of the President may be
withdrawn by resolution.
2. For expressing condolences or in declaring its opinion on important national questions.
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Kinds of resolutions:1. SIMPLE- if passed by either House for its exclusive use or purpose;
2. CONCURRENT- if passed independently in one House and ratified by the other in
the same manner as a bill;
3. JOINT- if approved by both Houses meeting in joint session but voting
separately.
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SECTION 28.1
The rule of taxation shall be uniformand equitable. The Congress shallevolve a progressive system oftaxation.
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Uniformity in taxation- means that
all taxable articles or properties of the same class shall be taxed at the same rate.
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Equity in taxation- requires that
such apportionment be more or less just in light of the taxpayer’s ability to shoulder the tax burden.
Progressive taxation-the tax increases as the
amount of income increases.
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SECTION 28.2
The Congress may, by law, authorize the President to fix within specified
limits, and subject to such limitations and restrictions as it may impose,
tariff rates, import and export quotas, tonnage and wharfage dues, and
other duties or imposts within the framework of the…
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SECTION 28.3
Charitable institutions, churches and parsonages or convents appurtenant
thereto, mosques, nonprofit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings
and improvements, actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious,
charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.
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Tax exemptions:
1. All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit educational institutions used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational purposes.
3. Grants and donations used actually, directly, and exclusively for educational
purposes.
2. Proprietary educational institutions including those cooperatively owned.
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SECTION 28.4
No law granting any tax exemptionshall be passed without theconcurrence of a majority of all themembers of the Congress.
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SECTION 29.1
No money shall be paid out of theTreasury except in pursuance of anappropriation made by law.
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The power of appropriation acts as a legislative check upon the
disbursing power of the President, or the heads of departments and
other executive officials.
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APPROPRIATION is nothing more than the authorization by law that
money may be paid out of the public treasury.
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SECTION 29.2
No public money or property shall be appropriated, applied, paid, or
employed, directly or indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any
sect, church, denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or any priest or preacher, minister, or
other religious teacher...
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Prohibition is not violated when:
1. Payment given as compensation- given to priest who is assigned to the armed forces.
2. Religious use incidental- the use of public streets for religious procession, masses at the Rizal Park and benefits from SSS to the priest.
3. Use, public in nature- for postage stamps and the purpose is to advertise
the Philippines and not to favor any particular church.
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4. Payment based on contract- rents are paid for a portion of a church or other building that is being leased by the government.
5. Consideration received- Exchange of donations from the church to the government.
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SECTION 29.3
All money collected on any tax levied for a special purpose shall be treated
as a special fund and paid out for such purpose only. If the purpose for which a special fund was created has
been fulfilled or abandoned, the balance, if any, shall be transferred
to the general funds of the government.
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SECTION 30
No law shall be passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme
Court as provided in this Constitution without its advice and
concurrence.
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The Supreme Court accords or gives weight to cases that should be elevated for further reviews by the factual findings of the lower court.
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SECTION 31
No law granting a title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.
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Prohibition against granting title of royalty or nobility:
1. It is consistent with the declaration that the Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
2. It prevents the creation of priveleged class which may transmit their classification by
inheritance to their children.
3. Validly create titles of royalty or nobility and confer them to the visiting
dignitaries of the Congress.
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SECTION 32
The Congress shall, as early as possible, provide for a system of
initiative and referandum, and the exceptions therefrom, whereby the
people can directly propose and enact laws or approve or reject any
act or law or part thereof passed by the Congress or local legislative
body after the registration…
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Initiative- It is the reserved power of
the people to directly propose and enact laws.
Referandum- It is the process by
which any act or law or any part thereof passed by Congress or by a
local legislative body is submitted to the people for their approval or
disapproval.
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The registration of a petition therefor signed
by at least 10% of the total number of registered
voters with every legislative district being
represented by at least 3% of the registered voters in
said district.
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