phd day 2014

1/23www.janclaes.info

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Jan ClaesTeaching assistant : PhD 2009 – 2015

Supervisors : Geert Poels & Frederik Gailly

Why do people struggle with the complexity of constructing a process model?


Business Process Modeling (BPM)


Business Process Modeling (BPM)Assumptions

Constructing process models is useful Process model quality is important

Business Process Modeling (BPM) Process model quality

“what is a good process model?” Process of process modeling (PPM)

“how to make a good process model?”



How do people construct such process models?


Process of Process Modeling (PPM)

Descriptions of realor intended process

Modeler

Modeling

Process model

Modeling softwareModeling language

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Real process Model reader

Process engine


PPMChart visualization

CREATE_ACTIVITY CREATE_START_EVENT CREATE_END_EVENT CREATE_AND CREATE_XOR CREATE_EDGE MOVE_ACTIVITY MOVE_START_EVENT MOVE_END_EVENT MOVE_AND MOVE_XOR DELETE_ACTIVITYDELETE_START_EVENT DELETE-END_EVENT DELETE_AND DELETE_XOR DELETE_EDGE NAME_ACTIVITY RENAME_ACTIVITY NAME_EDGE RENAME_EDGE

Start event Edge Activity

Gateway

Edge

Activity

Edge

Edge

Activity

Edge Gateway

Edge

7298

9

32

14

30

31

10

3356

34

time

mod

el e

lem

ents


Flow-oriented modeling


Aspect-oriented modeling


Undirected modeling


Observations (objective)

Obs. 1. Majority used serialized approachObs. 2. 28% flow-oriented modelingObs. 3. 9% aspect-oriented modelingObs. 4. 10% undirected modelingObs. 5. Undirected sessions lasted longer



What about the quality of the corresponding models?


Impressions (subjective)

Impr. 1. Modelers need serializationImpr. 2. Structured serialization helpsImpr. 3. Structuring does not help everyoneImpr. 4. Structuring the modeling process

helps structuring the model


Effectiveness and efficiency

Flow-oriented

Aspect-oriented

Undirected

Good structure Fast modeling

Good structure Fast modeling

Poor structure Slow modeling



Is there a rational for these observations and impressions?


Kinds of human memory

input Sensory memory

Workingmemory

Long term memory

performanceOBSERVATION SELECTION

ORGANIZATION

RETRIEVALTRANSFER


Types of cognitive load

Time

Inst

anta

neou

s lo

ad

overall load

intrinsicload

extraneousload

germane load

freecapacity

assumed capacity

instantaneous load

overload


PRES

AGE

PRO

CESS

PRO

DU

CT

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)

case complexity prior knowledgeinput material

representation fitworking memory

capacity

extraneous cognitive load

germane cognitive load

schema construction

process model quality

A B The more A, the more B A B The more A, the less B A B The more A, the more B on the long term

overall construction time

cognitive overload

intrinsic cognitive load

++

+

+

+++

+ +

–

– – –

–

–


Cognitive Fit Theory (CFT)

Hidden Figures Test (HFT)

Need for structure

Learning styleField dependencySensory

Visual

Inductive

Active

Sequential

Intuitive

Auditory

Deductive

Reflective

Global

I ♥︎� chaos I #$@&! chaos



What can we do with this knowledge?


ImpressionsCognitive theoryObservations

Theory building

Structured Process Modeling Theory



Structured Process Modeling Theory (SPMT)

A B A determines BA B The more A, the more B+ A B The more A, the less B– A B A translates into B

learning style

degree of serialization

adopted serialization style

need for structure

field-dependency

– +

intrinsic cognitive load for modeling phases

intrinsic cognitive load for aggregation phases

cognitive overload

intrinsic cognitive load for strategy building phases

+ + +

serialization style fitstructuredness of serialization

– – – –

1 2 3


Future workSPMT = theory for explaining reality

Descriptive, not for predictingFuture work = theory for design and action

Prescriptive, differentiation is keyFuture work = design science

Tool support• Measure cognitive style• Suggest appropriate modeling technique• Adapt tool to support that particular technique


OVERVIEW COGNITION EXPERIMENT

Thanks for you attention!

> Do you have feedback on my research plans? <

> how do people construct models <

> cognitive support <

> SPMT <

Jan [email protected]

http://www.janclaes.infoTwitter: @janclaesbelgium

phd day 2014

Business

process models

undirected modeling

good process model

aspectoriented modeling

floworiented modeling

useful process model

appropriate modeling

business administration