phase i geo-environmental desk study & preliminary coal

GeoDyne Limited

Clarendon House, Clarendon Park, Clumber Avenue,

Nottingham, NG5 1AH

Tel: 0115 962 0001 Email: [email protected]

Coventry Lane Bramcote

Phase I Geo-Environmental Desk Study

& Preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment Report

For

Peter James Homes Limited

39392 Phase I Desk Study & CMRA Report i Peter James Homes Limited

Contents Page No

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION & HISTORY 3 3.0 GEOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 10 4.0 PRELIMINARY COAL MINING RISK ASSESSMENT 25 5.0 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL 38 6.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 47

Appendices

I Site Location Plan II Annotated Site Plan III Plans Showing General Views of Site IV Historical Plans V Landmark Geological Maps VI Landmark Envirocheck Report VII Coal Authority Mining Reports VIII Delta-Simons Preliminary Phase II Exploratory Investigation Information (as supplied) IX Coal Mining Investigation Risk Zone Summary Plan X Plates XI Conditions & Limitations

Project No: 39392 Date: 28th January 2020

Issue/revision Prepared by Checked By Approved By

David Hooton BSc (Hons) MSc MCIWEM C.WEM MIEnvSci CEnv Technical Associate

Jason Hollands BSc (Hons) MSc MIEnvSc CGeol FGS Director

Jason Hollands BSc (Hons) MSc MIEnvSc CGeol FGS Director

Comments

39392 Phase I Desk Study & CMRA Report 1 Peter James Homes Limited

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction

GeoDyne Ltd has been instructed by the Client, Peter James Homes Limited, to undertake a Phase I Geo-Environmental Desk Study and preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment on a parcel of land located off Sidings Lane, Bramcote. A site location plan (Figure No. 39392/01) is included as Appendix I.

1.2 Scope of Works The scope of the Phase I Desk Study included the following:

• A detailed site walkover.

• Review of available historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey publications relating to the site.

• Review of the sites geology, hydrology, hydrogeology and groundwater vulnerability, including a visit to the British Geological Survey (BGS) library in Keyworth.

• Review of the sites coal mining status and commission of appropriate Coal Authority reports for the site.

• Review of the sites radon status.

• Commission of a full detailed Landmark Envirocheck report relating to the site.

• Commission the use of Landmark Envirocheck Analysis tool.

• Commission of Landmark geological mapping data.

• Production of a site-specific preliminary Conceptual Site Model (pCSM).

• Production of a preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment (CMRA).

• Preparation of a standalone report detailing the foregoing.

1.3 Project Understanding It is understood that the Client is proposing to acquire the full extent of the site, for subsequent redevelopment with low-rise residential dwellings and associated private garden areas; together with external hardstanding and new road infrastructure etc. However, we further understand that no formal proposals have been prepared, and that a Masterplan will be created as part of a future planning application for the scheme. This understanding has formed the basis of our report. Where our understanding is incorrect, it may be necessary to review our assessment to ensure that it continues to apply.

1.4 Objectives

The scope of works detailed herein have been designed to assist in the submission of a planning application for the redevelopment of the site, as well as to inform the potential geo-environmental and geotechnical constraints applicable to the acquisition of the parts of the site currently under Third Party ownership. It is anticipated that planning conditions will be applied to the scheme including the requirement for an appropriate Phase II Exploratory Investigation, comments with respect to which have been provided herein.


1.5 Limitations The conclusions and recommendations made in this report are limited to those that can be made based on the findings of the investigation. Where comments are made based on information obtained from third parties, GeoDyne Ltd assumes that all third party information is true and correct. No independent action has been undertaken to validate the findings of third parties. This report has been prepared in accordance with our understanding of current good practice. However changes to good practice, guidance or legislation may necessitate revision of this report after the date of issue. GeoDyne Ltd has prepared this report for the sole use and reliance of the Client, Peter James Homes Limited, in accordance with our Standard Conditions and Limitations (included in Appendix XI). This report may not be used or relied upon by any unauthorised third party without the explicit written agreement of GeoDyne Ltd.


2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION & HISTORY 2.1 Site Description

The site comprises an irregularly shaped parcel of land situated to the west of Coventry Lane, Bramcote, Nottingham and may be located centred around approximate Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference 450030E 339050N. The site extends to an approximate area of eight hectares. A site walkover was undertaken on 16th January 2020 by an Engineer from GeoDyne Ltd and the following description is based on observations made during our visit. The site was accessed via a vehicular macadam surfaced trackway named Sidings Lane, leading off the western side of Coventry Lane which lies to the east of the site. The trackway appeared to have been constructed above the surrounding land to the north and south, by approximately 1m. A small gas pipe kiosk was present at the northeastern corner of the site. The land to the south of the trackway (comprising the eastern part of the site), comprised a series of grassed horse paddocks, internally separated by a mixture of wood and wire fencing. Stables were present within the northwestern horse paddock, and a row of mature conifers ran the length of the southern boundary of this field. The most western field was roughly grassed, with a wooden gate leading to an adjacent (on-site) field to the northwest. Sidings Lane terminated at a security gated compound (occupied by McCann), with the gate leading into a concrete surfaced yard with parking provision to the south upon entry. A Training Centre, comprising a brick-built single storey building, was present in the southeastern area of the compound, with a rectangular shaped Depot building situated centrally to this area. The Depot was observed to be utilised as a storage area as well as a garage facility, with a vehicle inspection pit noted beneath a mini-excavator at the time of our visit. Two temporary cabins were present in the northeast of the site, seemingly comprising a dry room and canteen facility for site personnel. On the northern façade of the Depot, a canopied storage area for liquid products was present, which included waste oil storage drums, a red diesel plastic tank with a fuel pump dispenser attachment, hydraulic oil tanks (3No.), antifreeze canisters, battery storage etc. The main tanks were observed to include a secondary containment unit on the base (i.e. catch pit), and we were informed by site personnel that the contents were regularly emptied to avoid overtopping. Spill kits were observed within the storage area (2No.) and a third was observed in a small side-room (potentially containing heating plant). An existing monitoring well was noted off the northwestern extent of the Depot building, near to the location of the storage area. The external yard area was occupied by numerous temporary metal storage containers, parked site plant (excavators, dumpers, low-loaders etc.), stored construction materials (pipework, cones, machinery, Chapter 8 barriers etc.), with several skips located off the western side of the Depot. Three metal storage bins were noted at the western extent of the site, containing used drums of liquid asphatic composition and vehicle wash detergent. The boundaries of the Depot were typically demarcated by metal palisade style fencing, and a small compound containing a telephone mast aerial and associated plant was situated at the far western extent of the Depot. To the immediate south of the Depot, a heavily vegetated and overgrown area was present, which contained a muddy informal footpath that led towards the McCann security gate. This track led to the west of the horse stables, and may have at one time formed a vehicular trackway (now largely colonised by grasses).


The general area to the immediate south of the Depot was situated approximately 2m above the land level in the southwest of the site, with the change in level facilitated by a sharp slope. To the southwest of the Depot, beyond the vegetated informal footpath, a small semi-circular grassed field was present; which could be accessed via the wooden gate from the roughly grassed field to the southeast. Pedestrian access was also available via the steep slope from the informal footpath, with a scrubby hedgerow present at the crest of the slope towards the southwest. Several saplings were present within this area, with a mature hedgerow present along the southwestern boundary. A small dilapidated pedestrian gate once appeared to provide access to the adjacent field to the southwest, however the gate no longer functioned as a pedestrian thoroughfare. The majority of the western part of the site comprised a roughly grassed single large open field, crossed by a water filled field drain in the approximate centre (orientated northwest to southeast and locally observed to contain ochre coloured sediment). This field was predominantly bounded by trees, with a surface watercourse (the Boundary Brook) running partially along the western boundary of this field. The southern boundary of the site was not readily definable on the ground, with site levels to the southeast and south rising into a wooded slope that led up to the southwest. Ground levels to the southeast were evidently undulating and appeared to be utilised as mountain biking tracks. Ground levels across the site typically fall towards the south/southwest, with the Depot being typically level surfaced. Localised falls in elevation to the west were observed along the western margins of the fields, adjacent to which either the Boundary Brook or a railway line (atop an embankment) were observed. It is noted that the embankment to the railway line was locally bare of vegetation cover, and appeared to comprise black slightly sandy gravel (potentially comprising ash and clinker materials). The raised off-site ground levels appeared to carry into the northern part of the site, where the vegetated informal footpath noted previously was present. The site was bounded to the north (i.e. to the north of Sidings Lane) by a grassed field, with a small single-storey building present adjacent to the northeast corner of the site by the McCann compound entrance. This building was in occupation during our site visit, with the working of fabric observed through a window. A railway line ran adjacent to the remainder of the northern boundary, with ground levels seemingly consistent with those of the on-site levels of the Depot, but becoming raised above on-site levels to the west (facilitated by the railway embankment). Adjacent land uses to the west comprised agricultural fields (beyond the surface water stream), a wooded area to the south/southwest and the Bramcote Crematorium to the south/southeast. Beyond the far eastern boundary of the site, a small wooded area was present, which appeared to contain a lower-lying pond feature within its midst. Coventry Lane was present to the east of the wooded area, and comprises a main route between Bilborough and Stapleford/Bramcote. An annotated site plan, showing the main features of the site and the immediate surrounding area, is included as Appendix II of this report (Figure No. 39392/02) and plans showing general views of the site are included in Appendix III (Figure Nos. 39392/03 to 39392/09). Plates of key site features observed during our walkover are included in Appendix X. An aerial photograph of the site, obtained from the Landmark Analysis tool commissioned as part of our works, is included as Figure 1 below.


Figure 1: 2019/2020 Aerial photographs of the site (site demarcated in red).

Figure 1a – Western Site Area

Figure 1b – Eastern Site Area


2.2 Site History

The historical and contemporary Ordnance Survey publications included within the Landmark Envirocheck Report have been reviewed by GeoDyne to establish the history of the site and its environmental setting. The historical Ordnance Survey maps are included as Appendix IV of this report. We would note that the boundary marked on the historical sheets within the Envirocheck Report appears to ‘shift’ on several of the maps due to scaling inaccuracies between maps of differing dates. This is a function of Envirocheck transposition algorithms. The key findings of the historical search are summarised in Table 1.

TABLE 1 – HISTORICAL PUBLICATION DATA

Date Features On Site Features Off Site

1880s • The site comprises a part of three larger fields, demarcated by internal field boundaries.

• The southwestern edge of the site forms part of a wooded area, which extends off-site to the south.

• A surface water stream runs adjacent to the northwest boundary of the site, flowing towards the west.

• A railway line, situated atop an embankment, runs adjacent to the northern boundary of the site.

• Stapleford Hill is labelled over a large wooded area to the south of the site.

• Coventry Lane is annotated on a roadway that forms the eastern boundary of the site.

• ‘Codling’s Yard’ is indicated to the immediate northeast of the site, which appears to comprise a cluster of small buildings and outbuildings. A surface water pond is indicated beyond approximately 100m to the northeast of the site, seemingly situated within the grounds of Codling’s Yard.

• A canal (later labelled as the Nottingham Canal) is indicated approximately 220m to the northwest of the site, with a towing path shown along its southern bank.

1900s to 1920s

• No significant changes to the site are indicated. • Further railway lines, situated atop an embankment, are indicated from approximately 185m to the northwest of the site, leading into the Trowell Moor Colliery.

• Rough grassland and subsequent marshy ground is indicated around 150m to the west of the site, located to the south of the new colliery railway lines. Rough grassland is also indicated approximately 100m to the south of the site within the eastern area of Stapleford Hill.

1930s • A ‘Manufactory (Ironfounders Facings)’ is indicated in the northern extent of the site, comprised of a rectangular shaped building with three small ancillary structures and a track leading off Coventry Lane to the northeast.

• No other significant changes to the site are indicated.

• A small quarry is indicated beyond approximately 40m to the south of the site, seemingly cutting into the northern reaches of Stapleford Hill. A small ‘piano-key’ shaped building is seemingly associated with the quarry, located approximately 37m to the sites south.

• No other significant changes to the sites immediate surroundings are indicated.

1950s • A spur from the adjacent railway to the north of the site is now shown to lead into the site’s northern extent, to the south of the manufactory building. Two separate lines are evident on the plan, which run atop an embankment. Different tracks, all accessing the primary track from Coventry Lane, are shown to lead to different parts of the manufactory.

• A tramway, constructed on a further embankment, is shown abutting the central-

• A railway spur, connecting to the railway line to the sites north, is shown abutting the sites northern boundary prior to entering the site.

• Embankments are indicated immediately adjacent to the central-western boundary, seemingly associated with the construction of a tramway (leading into the north of the site) and extractive activities.

• The previous small quarry area has been significantly enlarged, with quarry faces indicated up to 120m into the north side of Stapleford Hill. The surrounding




western boundary and runs through the northern part of the site.

• A ‘Well’ is indicated at the northern boundary of the site, to the north of the manufactory.

• A further, quite small, field compartmentalisation is shown in the southwest of the site, with a small square-shaped structure shown internally to the field margins.

area is characterised by soil mounds and embankments. ‘Old Sand Pit’ and a ‘Ruin’ are labelled in a clearing off the end of the tramway, approximately 30m to the sites south.

• The general area of Stapleford Hill is shown as comprising rough grassland, which is often indicative of clearance or re-profiling activities.

• The Trowell Moor Colliery to the west of the site is no longer indicated, with the area characterised by large embankments and soil mounds. The marshy area to the south of the former colliery railway lines is shown to include spring points.

• Old sand pits are also annotated immediately adjacent to the south of the central-eastern site boundary, with an extensive quarried area extending to the sites south. A small pond is indicated approximately 100m to the south of the site situated within the base of the quarry.

• A further large extraction area (labelled as a ‘Sand Pit’) is indicated on the eastern side of Coventry Lane, from approximately 25m to the south of the site. The quarried area includes a ‘Miniature Rifle Range’ at its southeastern extent. The area to the east of the quarried area is shown to comprise rough grassland.

• Codling’s Yard is now called ‘Hulks Farm’.

1960s • A vegetated strip of land, also marked as rough grassland, is indicated in the western part of the site, adjacent to the surface watercourse.

• The railway lines and embankment within the northern part of the site are no longer indicated, albeit the buildings are shown to remain.

• A dismantled tramway crosses the sites northern extent.

• The quarried areas immediately adjacent to the south of the site are no longer indicated, and may potentially have been infilled.

• A large pond feature is indicated within the area of the former Trowell Moor Colliery railway route.

• The quarried areas within Stapleford Hill are shown as having been colonised by trees and vegetation, and the former clearing and tramway are no longer indicated.

1970s • The eastern part of the site is labelled as a ‘Nursery’.

• The existing footprint of the depot facility is shown in the north of the site.

• A small ‘Timber Yard’ is indicated immediately adjacent to the northeast of the site, adjacent to a ‘Nursery’.

• The area of the former quarries, to the immediate south of the site, is indicated to be colonised by shrubs/trees.

• The sand pit to the southeast of the site (beyond Coventry Lane) appears to have been largely infilled in the northern part, and is labelled as ‘Pit (disused)’. A large pond feature is indicated at the northwest corner of the area. The active portion of the sand pit, incorporating a large conveyor system, is indicated to the south of the original pit location.

1980s • An additional building is indicated at the southeastern corner of the manufactory building in the north of the site.

• The well in the north of the site is indicated to be disused.

• A ‘Drain’ is indicated to cross through the western part of the site, along one of the former field boundaries in this area. The drain connects to the surface watercourse situated adjacent to the northwest boundary of the site.

• A ‘Crematorium’ has been constructed to the south of the site, within the area of former sand extraction.

• The Nottingham Canal to the north of the site is now labelled as disused.




1990s • The former Manufactory in the north of the site is now labelled as a ‘Depot’.

• The 1999 aerial photograph shows the majority of the site to comprise grassed fields, with the Depot facility in the north of the site covered by hardstanding.

• The large pond feature to the west of the site is no longer indicated, with the general area of the former Trowell Moor Colliery seemingly converted into a managed recreational area.

• The 1999 aerial photograph shows the area of Stapleford Hill to have been fully colonised by trees and shows a large building to have been constructed in the area of the former pond feature within the former quarry to the southeast.

2000s • No significant changes to the site identified. • Sidings Lane is labelled over the trackway at the northeastern boundary of the site.

• The area of the former quarries to the southeast is now labelled as a ‘Landfill Site’.

• The surface watercourse adjacent to the northwest of the site is now labelled as the ‘Boundary Brook’.

2019 • No significant changes to the site identified. • The landfill site to the southeast of the site is now labelled simply as ‘Workings’.

• The formal recreation area to the west of the site, in the area of the former Trowell Moor Colliery, is labelled as the ‘Pit Lane Recreation Ground’.

In summary, the majority of the site has been largely devoid of identifiable commercial or industrial activities, albeit a former manufactory for ironfounders facings is indicated from the 1930s in the north of the site, until repurposed as a Depot around the 1990s. The former factory incorporated railway lines from the adjacent railway in the 1950s, at which time embankments were constructed within and adjacent to the site to provide the routes of ingress. The facility also appears to have included its own water supply from a well, situated in the far northern extent of the site. The sites wider area has been extensively quarried for sand extraction, with large excavations indicated to the immediate south of the site, beyond Coventry Lane to the southeast, and with further quarries excavated into the northern slopes of Stapleford Hill (situated adjacent to the south of the site). With the exception of the Stapleford Hill quarries, where the quarry faces largely remain exposed, the pits and quarries appear to have been primarily infilled, with the large area to the southeast labelled as a landfill site on the early 2000s historical publications. The Trowell Moor Colliery is historically indicated to the west of the site, indicating potential underground coal mining in the site’s general locale.

2.3 Aerial Photography & Historical Map Overlays

As part of the commissioned Landmark Report, the use of the Landmark Envirocheck Analysis tool was purchased to provide site specific aerial photographic imagery, and to provide the ability to undertake limited historical map and polygonised environmental datasheet overlay manipulation. In addition to the 2019/2020 aerial photographs included in Figure 1, a further aerial photograph dating from the year 1999 is available on the Analysis tool. A copy of the relevant images are included in Figure 2 below, and illustrates the absence of any significant changes in the sites land uses post-2000.


Figure 2: Aerial Photographic Images Dating from 1999 (site demarcated in red outline)


Figure 2a – Western Site Area


3.0 GEOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 3.1 Geological References

The following geological publications were referred to:

• British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 Series Sheet 125 ‘Derby’ Solid and Drift edition (1972 and 2014 editions).

• Landmark 1:10,000 and 1:50,000 scale Geological Maps (included in Appendix V).

• BGS 1:10,560 Series Sheet SK43NE (1969).

• BGS 1:10,560 Series Sheet SK53NW (1969).

• BGS Memoir entitled ‘Geology of the country north of Derby’ (1979).

• BGS Online Lexicon.

• Coal Authority on-line interactive map viewer.

• Landmark Mining and Ground Stability Datasheet (included in Appendix VI). 3.2 Geological Information 3.2.1 Superficial and Bedrock Geology

The reviewed geological map publications indicate the presence of a thin finger of Alluvium that locally encroaches into the northwestern extent of the site (following the route of the adjacent Boundary Brook). The Alluvium represents a fluvially deposited superficial deposit that is described by the BGS as: ‘Alluvium is a general term for clay, silt, sand and gravel. It is the unconsolidated detrital material deposited by a river, stream or other body of running water as a sorted or semi-sorted sediment in the bed of the stream or on its floodplain or delta, or as a cone or fan at the base of a mountain slope. Synonym: alluvial deposits. Normally soft to firm consolidated, compressible silty clay, but can contain layers of silt, sand, peat and basal gravel. A stronger, desiccated surface zone may be present.’ Superficial deposits are not indicated elsewhere on the subject site.

Beneath the Alluvium in the northwest, and across much of the remaining area of the site, the bedrock geology is indicated to comprise the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation (PLCM). This rock unit is described by the BGS as ‘Interbedded grey mudstone, siltstone and pale grey sandstone, commonly with mudstones containing marine fossils in the lower part, and more numerous and thicker coal seams in the upper part.’

Within the central-eastern part of the site, a band of Sandstone is indicated to outcrop at the sites surface, which forms one of the Sandstone interbeds of the PLCM noted above. At the eastern edge of the Sandstone band, a Coal Seam is indicated at outcrop through the site (on an approximate north-northwest to south-southeast orientation). Beyond the Coal Seam to the east, the PLCM progresses into the more cohesive Mudstone strata once again. At the far southwestern edge of the site, bedrock geology corresponding to the Lenton Sandstone Formation is indicated, dating from the early Triassic Period. The Lenton Sandstone is described by the BGS as ‘Sandstone, very fine- to medium-grained. Argillaceous, red-brown with buff mottles, cross-stratified; subordinate beds of red-brown mudstone and conglomerate.’

3.2.2 Coal Seams

A Coal Seam is indicated to outcrop at the surface through the eastern part of the site, orientated approximately north-northwest to south-southeast.


The coal seam is indicated to outcrop at the eastern edge of the sandstone band noted in Section 3.2.1 and seemingly terminates upon intersecting a fault to the sites immediate south. The geological maps indicate that the coal seam corresponds to the First Piper Coal Seam, which is shown to have been extensively worked by opencast methods to the sites north (beyond approximately 250m). A discussion on the presence of Coal seams and risks to the redevelopment from historical mining are discussed in Section 4.0 (Coal Mining Risk Assessment).

3.2.3 Faults

A fault is shown to cross through the central-western part of the site, orientated approximately west-northwest to east-southeast and downthrown to the south. The geological maps indicate the closest strata dip to be towards the north-northeast with an angle of dip of 40o shown. A further fault line is indicated approximately 240m to the southwest of the site, orientated approximately northwest to southeast. This fault line appears to have thrown several coal seam outcrops to the south of the feature, such that they are shown to terminate at their intersection with the fault.

3.2.4 Summary Drawings

Summary drawings of the geological setting of the site (as established within Sections 3.2.1 to 3.2.3), are included in Figure 3, and identify the key strata and geological features considered relevant to the site. Figure 3: 1999 Aerial Photographs overlain with BGS Geology (site areas shown in red)

Figure 3a – Western and Central Site Areas


3.3 Man-Made Deposits

The 1:10,000 scale Landmark geological maps indicate the presence of Made Ground beneath the northern extent of the site, corresponding to the area currently comprising a depot. Further areas of Made Ground are indicated immediately adjacent to the south of the site (shown, potentially erroneously, to encroach into the southeastern edge of the site) across the area of the Bramcote Crematorium, as well as to the northeast of the site beyond Sidings Lane, and to the southeast of the site beyond Coventry Lane (corresponding to an area labelled as Infilled Ground and associated with former landfilling operations based on the historical map publications). Other areas of Made Ground are indicated beyond approximately 200m of the site, with the general area within a 1km buffer containing numerous areas of either Made Ground or Infilled Ground. The 1:50,000 series geological maps also indicates a further area of Infilled Ground (to that shown on the 1:10,000 series map publications) to the immediate south of the site. This area appears to encompass parts of Stapleford Hill, and seemingly corresponds to a former quarry in this area identified on the historical map review included in Section 2.2. The general area associated with the mapped Made Ground has been overlain with the 1999 aerial photograph supplied by Landmark Analysis (Figure 4) as well as with 1930s to 1970s historical map overlay images (Figure 5), which also includes annotations of the corresponding features.



Figure 4: 1999 Aerial Photographic Image overlain with BGS Mapped Made Ground and Landmark Identified Potentially Infilled Ground (site demarcated in red outline)

Figure 5: Annotated 1930s to 1970s Historical Maps overlain with BGS Mapped Made Ground (site demarcated in red outline)


3.4 Landmark Envirocheck Report

A Landmark Envirocheck Report was commissioned to assist in ascertaining the environmental setting of the site. The full Envirocheck Report is presented in Appendix VI and has revealed the following relevant information (details are only listed where they are within 250m of the site).

3.4.1 Agency and Hydrological

Surface Waters

The closest surface watercourse comprises the Boundary Brook, a stream that runs adjacent to the northwestern boundary of the site. The brook flows towards the west and a tributary of the stream (seemingly comprising a surface water drain) runs through the southwestern part of the site on an approximate northwest to southeast orientation. A surface water pond is also indicated in close proximity to the east of the site.

Aquifer Status

Different aquifer classifications may be applied to superficial (drift) deposits (typically forming shallow perched groundwater units where present) and bedrock aquifers (which may contain regional groundwater units). Possible aquifer designations comprise Principal Aquifers, Secondary (A, B or Undifferentiated) Aquifers and Unproductive Strata. The Landmark report provides eight different groundwater vulnerability classifications, reflecting the localised presence of Alluvium (superficial aquifer) overlying the bedrock geology, the three different bedrock geologies indicated beneath the site and their corresponding infiltration potential (termed Baseflow Index in the Envirocheck report). The groundwater vulnerability for each of the different indicated stratigraphic units considered applicable to the site are summarised in Table 2.

TABLE 2 – SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY CLASSIFICATIONS

Superficial Deposit Bedrock Deposit Vulnerability Classification(1)

Alluvium NA Secondary Superficial Aquifer of High Vulnerability

Alluvium PLCM (M) Secondary Bedrock Aquifer of High Vulnerability

* PLCM (M) Secondary Bedrock Aquifer of Medium Vulnerability

* PLCM (S) Secondary Bedrock Aquifer of High Vulnerability

* LSF Principal Aquifer of High Vulnerability

KEY (1) – Based on our interpretation of Environment Agency publication ‘New groundwater vulnerability mapping methodology in England and Wales’, Report SC040016/R, dated September 2017. * - Absent NA - Not Applicable PLCM (M) – Pennine Lower Coal Measures (predominantly Mudstone with subordinate Siltstone and Sandstone) PLCM (S) – Pennine Lower Coal Measures (Sandstone) LSF – Lenton Sandstone Formation

It is noted that the superficial groundwater vulnerability classifications are only applicable to the localised encroachment of the alluvial deposits indicated in the northwestern extent of the site; where the Boundary Brook is shown to run the length of the site boundary. Similarly, the presence of sandstone bedrock (forming a band within the Pennine Lower Coal Measures) is only indicated in the east of the site, and lies to the west of an indicated outcrop of Coal in this area.


The Principal Aquifer designation is anticipated to correspond to the Lenton Sandstone Formation strata, which is shown to marginally encroach into the southernmost tip of the site, and is therefore listed as being beneath the subject site. The majority of the site (visually estimated at around 80% of the site area) is underlain by typically cohesive Pennine Lower Coal Measures deposits, which are classified as a Secondary Aquifer of Medium Vulnerability. The following descriptions of the key site classifications are taken from the Environment Agency Report SC040016/R. Principal Aquifers are typically described as ‘…rocks that provide significant quantities of water and can support water supply and/or baseflow to rivers, lakes and wetlands on a strategic scale. They typically have a high intergranular and/or fracture permeability meaning they usually provide a high level of water storage.’ Secondary Aquifers comprise of rocks that ‘…can provide modest amounts of water, but the nature of the rock or the aquifer’s structure limits their use. They support water supplies at a local rather than strategic scale (such as for private supplies) and remain important for rivers, wetlands and lakes. They have a wide range of water permeability and storage.’ With respect to vulnerability, the following descriptions are provided:

• ‘High vulnerability: Areas able to easily transmit pollution to groundwater. They are likely to be characterised by high leaching soils and the absence of low permeability superficial deposits.

• Medium vulnerability: Intermediate between high and low vulnerability.

• Low vulnerability: Areas that provide the greatest protection to groundwater from pollution. They are likely to be characterised by low leaching soils and/or the presence of superficial deposits characterised by a low permeability.’

Source Protection Zone Status Source Protection Zones (SPZs) relate to a zone placed around a well or borehole for the protection of groundwater resources principally for public drinking water supply. The groundwater source catchments can be divided into three main zones – Inner (Zone I), Outer (Zone II) and Total Catchment (Zone III). The vast majority of the site is not shown to be underlain by a SPZ designation, however the southwestern and southeastern extents are indicated to be underlain by a Zone III (total catchment) which extends off-site across the general area to the southeast. The parts of the site shown as comprising part of the Zone III SPZ area appear to generally correspond to the presence of the Lenton Sandstone Formation (the key Principal Aquifer on and around the site). Discharge Consents Two discharge consents are indicated within the Envirocheck report, situated 8m northeast and 203m south of the site (noting that the positional accuracy of both entries is listed as being 100m).


The closest entry corresponds to Bramcote Heating and Plumbing at Sidings Field, Coventry Lane, with a consent dating from February 1984. The discharge type is listed as sewage effluent to groundwater, and no effective dates of operation or revocation date are provided. It is noted that the facility present to the northeast of the site is now occupied by McCann, and therefore it is considered unlikely that this consent remains in place. The second entry relates to the operational Bramcote Crematorium, operated by Broxtowe Borough Council and situated to the south of the site, and relates to sewage discharges to land/soakaway. The consent date is listed as November 1977, with the receiving water being Underground Strata (i.e. groundwater). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Licenses A single entry is listed in the Envirocheck report within the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) section, relating to an application from Biffa Waste Services for waste landfilling operations exceeding ten tonnes per day, with a capacity greater than 25,000 tonnes. The license application appears to have been for waste excluding Inert Waste (potentially therefore comprising non-hazardous or hazardous waste streams). The application is listed as having been refused, and no license was therefore ever implemented. Local Authority Pollution Prevention and Control (LAPPC) Permits Two authorised permits are listed within the Envirocheck report, one associated with the Bramcote Crematorium (66m to the southeast dating from July 1992) and the second to Cemex UK Materials Ltd (208m to the southeast and dating from November 1992) for the blending, packing, loading and use of Cement. Prosecutions Relating to Authorised Processes A single prosecution is listed in the vicinity of the site for the dumping of waste 16m to the west of the site (presumably within the adjacent woodland). A guilty verdict was sentenced at a hearing date in January 2010. Flood Risk Status

The site is not indicated to be located within an area at risk of flooding from rivers or seas without defences. With respect to surface water flooding, parts of the western extent of the site (primarily corresponding to where Alluvium is indicated on the reviewed geological map publications) and a small area at the northeastern tip of the site, are shown to be potentially susceptible. The risk covers all of the available classifications, from Low (1000-year return), medium (100-year return) and high (30-year return). The highest risk classifications are generally located in the sites west, and correspond to the topographically lower ground levels. The majority of the site is also indicated to be situated within an area with the potential for groundwater flooding to occur at the surface. Where further consideration of the flood risk classifications is required as part of the any future development of the site, the advice of a Drainage Consultant or Flood Risk Consultant should be sought.


3.4.2 Waste Historical Landfill Sites A single historical landfill site is listed 62m to the southeast of the site. The landfill is listed as having been operated by British Industrial Sand Limited at Bramcote Quarry/Coventry Lane Quarry under permit reference 5/77/52/53NW (also EAHLD22266). The first input date is listed as December 1974 with the closure date not specified. Deposited waste is listed as having included inert and industrial waste. Registered Landfill Sites Further detail on the historical landfill site entry (see above) is provided in the Registered Landfill site entries, with the input rate of the landfill identified as Medium (equating to an operational capacity of between 25,000 and 75,000 tonnes per year). The status of the license is listed as having been superseded by license number 5/87/183/53NW in July 1980. Prohibited wastes are listed as having comprised biodegradable or putrescible wastes, combustible or potentially combustible wastes and poisonous, noxious or polluting wastes. The subsequent license was operated by Biffa Waste Services Ltd and related to Bramcote Quarry Extension. The maximum input rate appears to have changed from Medium to Large (equating to an operational capacity of between 75,000 and 250,000 tonnes per year) with the authorised waste streams including hardcore, soil/subsoil and solid construction industrial waste. Prohibited wastes were largely as listed in the previous license, albeit Foundry Sand is identified within this list. Modifications to the Biffa license were acquired in September 1987 (with an M1 label applied to the license number), with a more inclusive modification acquired in April 1994 (license reference 8/89/183/53NW/M6). This license altered the maximum input rate to Very Large (equivalent to greater than 250,000 tonnes per year) and permitted waste included clean or empty containers/packaging, contaminated soil, foundry sand, iron compounds, paper/cardboard/fibreboard, plasterboard, scrap metal, scrap rubber, trees/bushes, wood products, and mineral processing wastes. Potentially permitted wastes, subject to prior agreement with the Environment Agency, included silt and dredgings, slag, boiler/flue cleanings and waste treated timber. Further modifications to the license were acquired in June 1995 (license suffix M7), which added foundry sand, contaminated soil, mineral processing wastes and non-toxic incinerator residues into the prior approval category. No further license revisions are listed, and the entry is listed as ‘operational as far as is known’. A further registered landfill is listed attributable to Biffa Waste Services Ltd for Bramcote Quarry (Transfer). The license reference for this entry is listed as 43002, and corresponded to a transfer station of very large capacity. Authorised wastes are listed as Civic Amenity waste, degradable commercial and industrial wastes, inert materials and scrap metal. The license was revised in May 2000 and subsequently listed degradable household waste as a permitted waste stream. This entry is listed as operational as far as is known. Licensed Waste Management Facilities (Landfill Boundaries) The Bramcote Quarry Landfill (license number 43405 issued in April 1989) is listed as a household, commercial and industrial landfill site located from approximately 28m to the southeast of the site. The facility is identified as having been operated by Biffa Waste Services Ltd and is confirmed as having closed.


Licensed Waste Management Facilities (Locations) A household, commercial and industrial transfer station, operated by Biffa Waste Services Ltd, is identified 219m to the southeast of the site (license reference 43002, which corresponds to the registered landfill entry listed above). The location of the transfer station is listed as corresponding to a sand quarry, with the license listed as having been surrendered in July 2006 (issued in March 1999 and modified in December 2003). A further entry corresponding to a household, commercial and industrial landfill site (listed under license number 43405, and therefore corresponding to the landfill boundary entry detailed above) is also provided, with the facility listed as now being closed, with the license last modified in March 2014. Potentially Infilled Land An area of potentially infilled land (corresponding to a former pit or quarry etc.) is indicated within the subject site, with the feature identified by Landmark as having dated from 1984. It is noted that the onsite entry comprises the northern tip of a much larger area that extends to the south of the site, and appears to correspond to the identified Stapleford Hill quarry noted both on the historical map publications and as a BGS Recorded Mineral Site (see Section 3.4.4 and Figure 4). Further areas of potentially infilled land are listed 145m west (associated with a pit or quarry etc. infilled on the 1985 historical map publication) and 103m northeast of the site (associated with the infilling of a former water feature such as a pond, stream, marsh, dock etc. and dating from the 1938 historical map publication).

3.4.3 Hazardous Substances

There are no Hazardous Substances sites (i.e. sites dealing with explosives etc.) identified on the site, or within a 250m radius of the site, in the Landmark report. It is noted that the rifle range within the former quarry to the southeast of the site (referenced in Section 2.2) was situated at a distance considered not to represent a significant risk driver to the subject site.

3.4.4 Geological Issues

BGS Soil Chemistry

The BGS has prepared estimated soil concentration maps for several metals (including Arsenic, Lead, Nickel, Chromium and Cadmium), which are extrapolated from records available for use within their assessments. Whilst potentially useful for the inference of Natural Metal Enrichment (NME) of the natural soils in a general locale, the data should not be used to inform any detailed decisions with regards to the chemistry of a particular site as it does not allow for anthropogenic affects. Estimates of the soil chemistry at the site indicate anticipated concentrations of Arsenic of <15mg/kg, Cadmium of <1.8mg/kg, Chromium of 40-90mg/kg, Lead of <100-200mg/kg and Nickel of <15-30mg/kg. Copies of the datasheets are included in Appendix VI. Based on the information supplied within the Envirocheck report, the site is not shown to be located within an area where significant Natural Metal Enrichment of the underlying natural soils is likely to be present.


BGS Recorded Mineral Sites A total of four BGS Recorded Mineral Sites are listed within 250m of the site, located 96m southwest, and 129m and 161m (2No. entries) to the sites southeast. From the entry in closest proximity to the site, the mineral sites corresponded to sand and gravel extraction at Stapleford Hill (associated with the Chester Formation strata), Coventry Lane Sand Pit (associated with sand extraction from the Lenton Sandstone Formation) and the Bramcote Sand Quarry (associated with both silica sand and sand and gravel extraction from the Chester Formation). All of the entries are listed as having ceased operations, although no further detail on dates of operation or quantities extracted etc. are provided. Ground Stability Hazards The majority of the ground stability hazards associated with the site are identified as ranging between No Hazard and Low Hazard. A Moderate Hazard Potential for Compressible Ground Stability is listed on the subject site; however, this may correspond to the localised presence of Alluvium, which shown beneath the northwestern extent of the site on the reviewed geological maps. There are no identified geological issues (not identified elsewhere) identified in the Landmark report that are considered likely to have a potential significant adverse effect on any proposed future redevelopment. Radon The Landmark report identifies that the site falls within both an Intermediate and lower probability radon area, however in both instances the report concludes that ‘No radon protective measures are necessary in the construction of new dwellings or extensions’. BGS Borehole Records As part of our works we have reviewed the availability of nearby BGS borehole records to the site. No publicly available records considered relevant to the subject site are indicated in the general vicinity of the site (the closest record identified approximately 100m to the sites west is considered to have potentially been incorrectly transposed, and may in fact relate to a position excavated in 1966 further to the sites west/northwest).

3.4.5 Contemporary Trade Directory Entries

No Contemporary Trade Directory Entries are indicated on the site. It is noted that an active McCann depot facility is present in the northern part of the site. An upholstery manufacturer is listed 5m to the northeast of the site, which is listed as both active and inactive on subsequent entries (associated with Custom Upholstery). We would note that this premises is active and operational based on our recent site walkover. Further trade directory entries are listed 68m to the southeast of the site, associated with the Bramcote Crematorium and 175m to the southeast of the site associated with an inactive waste disposal service at The Sand Quarry (operated by Biffa Waste Services Ltd and discussed in more detail in other sections of this report). It is noted that the Bramcote Crematorium is listed as inactive in the Envirocheck report, however this facility is actually retained in operational use as of the date of this report.


3.4.6 Sensitive Land Uses

Nitrate Vulnerable Zones The site is indicated as being located within a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone (corresponding to both surface water and Eutrophic water designations). In our experience a majority of this area of the country is defined as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone and this classification is considered not to present a potential risk to the development of the site. Areas of Green Belt The site appears to lie completely within an area designated as Adopted Green Belt (based on a September 2004 plan). However, the 2004 plan appears to have been revised, with a draft Local Plan Part 2 dating from July 2018 identifying areas of Unadopted Green Belt running to the northern and southern boundaries of the site (i.e. the site is shown as having been largely removed from the Green Belt status). It is noted that the Unadopted Green Belt area locally encroaches into the subject site, albeit this area appears to primarily correspond with the existing stands of vegetation located along the southwestern edge of the site only (located adjacent to the Stapleford Hill LNR). Local Nature Reserves A Local Nature Reserve (LNR) is identified immediately adjacent to the south of the site, named Stapleford Hill Woodland. The LNR area is listed as approximately 69249m2 in size, and was designated as an LNR in April 2008 by Natural England. Further LNR sites are situated 151m west (associated with Pit Lane, Trowell) and 209m northwest of the site (associated with the Nottingham Canal). With respect to developing a Conceptual Site Model for the site (see later sections), it is considered that the adjacent LNR represents the primary receptor for the identified sensitive land uses.

3.5 Review of Previous Reports

Desk study Report During the course of the desk study works detailed herein, the Client supplied a copy of the following previous report prepared for the site (including the current subject site area, in addition to the area to the immediate northeast incorporating Hulks Farm) by others:

Delta-Simons report entitled ‘Phase I Desk Study - Land off Coventry Lane, Bramcote, Nottingham For Howard Ward Associates LLP on behalf of J. McCann & Co. (Nottm) Limited’, Delta-Simons project number 11-0710.01, dated 4th January 2012.

The report comprises a tabulated summary of the identified geo-environmental issues pertaining to the site at the time of the report production, and provided a review of the depot facility in the north of the site. This identified the presence of an oil and waste storage area located off the northern façade of the Depot building, and was noted to contain ‘…three 900 litre oil tanks; four international bulk containers (IBCs) containing waste oil, and waste fuel filters and antifreeze drums. These items are all under cover and all have secondary containment measures in place in the form of drip trays. Two spill kits were observed within the depot, close to the oil and waste storage area.’


A spoil heap (containing brick and concrete rubble, asphalt, plastic and wire) was also noted within the depot area, and the wider site was observed to be utilised for the storage of site plant (such as excavators etc.). The majority of the depot area appears to have comprised hardstanding at the time of the Delta-Simons works, and it was noted that the on-site Depot ground levels were up to 2m higher than the adjacent fields to the southwest (potentially indicative of historic land raising activities; and as also noted by our own site walkover survey). The wider site topography was noted to be uneven, with levels in the southwestern site area being approximately 5m lower than the eastern site area near to Sidings Lane. The field areas across the remainder of the current subject site were noted as either being used for the grazing of horses, or had been left fallow; albeit potential crop/weed control in the form of burning was noted during their walkover. The Delta-Simons desk study also included the commission of a CON29M Non-Residential coal mining report from the Coal Authority (report reference 00070567-11, dated 22nd November 2011). This coal mining report noted that ‘According to the records in our possession, the property is not within the zone of likely physical influence on the surface from past underground workings. However the property is in an area where the Coal Authority believe there is coal at or close to the surface. This coal may have been worked at some time in the past.’

Ground Investigation Works

We have also been supplied with a copy of some preliminary information pertaining to a subsequent ground investigation undertaken within the Depot area by Delta-Simons in August 2013. However, we understand that the full Phase II report is not presently available for provision to us for review and summary herein.

The exploratory investigation appears to have comprised the advancement of six window sampling boreholes, positioned around the periphery of the Depot building (comprising three situated along the northern façade of the building, presumably within and adjacent to the waste oil storage area, one borehole off the southern façade, one off the western façade and a sixth borehole situated in the central-western part of the site within the external yard area). We would therefore consider it likely that the investigation was designed to attempt to further characterise the key potentially contaminative land uses identified by the 2012 desk study report, rather than providing a site-wide detailed assessment in line with the requirements of industry guidance (including CLR11 and BS10175). The covering email (a copy of which is included in Appendix VIII along with the borehole location plan), provides the following summary of the site work findings undertaken at that time: ‘

Delta-Simons undertook fieldwork on the 28th August 2013 and consisted of the advancement of six dynamic sampler boreholes to a maximum depth of 3.00 m bgl [below ground level] within the areas of the depot. A sketch of the dynamic sampler borehole locations is attached for reference. Four of the dynamic sampler boreholes were installed with 50 mm groundwater and ground gas monitoring installations. [DS104 appears to remain in-situ; see Plate 39382/P4 included in Appendix X].


Identified ground conditions consisted of Made Ground to variable depths ranging between 0.90 and 2.50 m bgl. The Made Ground comprised of variable sand, clay and gravel including fragments of concrete, brick, ash, clinker. Underlying the Made Ground, possible weathered sandstone, consisting of silt sands and gravels were recorded.

Hydrocarbon contamination was noted within DS101, DS102, and DS106 within Made Ground at depths of between 0.30 to 1.70 m bgl. In addition, ash and clinker materials have been identified in Made Ground.

Delta-Simons has received the analytical results for soil samples. In summary, elevated concentrations of hydrocarbons have been identified above relevant guidance values for a proposed residential end use in Made Ground samples collected from DS101, DS102, DS105, and DS106. In addition, elevated concentrations of individual PAH compounds have been identified in samples of Made Ground collected from DS101, DS102, DS103, DS104, and DS106.

Delta-Simons has undertaken one round of groundwater and ground gas monitoring at the site. Limited shallow ground water was identified beneath the Site. Recordable concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide have been identified across the Site to a maximum concentration of 8.2 % [no flow data was provided].’

The Delta-Simons investigation therefore appears to have encountered the band of sandstone shown to underlie the majority of the Depot area on the reviewed geological maps (and shown on Figure 3), and revealed the presence of deep contaminated Made Ground within the area of the Depot. It is noted that laboratory test certificates were not included within the preliminary information, and therefore we are unable to undertake our own review of the test data. It is, however, worth acknowledging that changes in industry good practice screening criteria have resulted in the intervening years since issue of the Delta-Simons reports. The contamination identified by Delta-Simons corresponded to hydrocarbons (potentially fuel/oil), as well as prevalent PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) contamination within the Made Ground. The PAHs are anticipated to correspond to the presence of the ash and clinker materials identified within the Made Ground; and potentially correspond to the historical use of the southern part of the Depot area as railway land. The single ground gas visit reported within the preliminary information indicates the potential presence of elevated ground gases, at least within the Depot area of the site, albeit a detailed ground gas assessment is not possible at this stage due to the absence of the accompanying flow information. A more robust ground gas assessment will be required as part of future Phase II Exploratory Investigation works across the site (further works also being a recommendation of Delta-Simons).

3.6 Land Use Assessment

As part of the land use assessment, reference has been made to the ‘Desk Reference Guide to potentially Contaminative Land Uses’ produced by Mr P Syms and published jointly by the ISVA (The Professional Society for Valuers and Auctioneers) in association with The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) and the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH).


We have also made reference to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Environment Agency Contaminated Land Report CLR8 ‘Potential Contaminants for the Assessment of Land’ (March 2002). Although now formally withdrawn, this document identifies key contaminants which may potentially be present at a site as a result of a given historical land use and is considered useful as a ready reference. The commissioned Landmark Envirocheck Analysis database also provides information on potentially contaminative land uses at the site (and the immediate surroundings), and a copy of the annotated overlay is included in Figure 6 below. Figure 6: 1999 Aerial Photograph overlain with Landmark Potentially Contaminative Land Uses Information (site demarcated in red outline)

3.6.1 On-Site Land Use Assessment Summary

Historically, the majority of the site is indicated to comprise agricultural fields, which in recent times appears to have been utilised as both arable (western) and pastoral (eastern) uses. The eastern fields are also shown to have comprised part of a nursery from the 1970s. A report prepared by Delta-Simons in 2012 indicated that possible crop/weed management practices included burning in the agricultural fields in the west. The northern extent of the site historically comprised a manufactory of ironfounder facings from the 1930s, prior to becoming a depot in the 1990s (presently occupied by McCann). A spur from the adjacent railway to the north ran into the northern site area in the 1950s to 1960s, which may account for the significant (circa 2m) site level changes observed in this area.


Walkover information (obtained by ourselves and Delta-Simons) has identified a waste oil storage area in the north of the depot, together with storage tanks/drums, with the previous ground investigation information revealing elevated levels of hydrocarbons (presumed to correspond to fuel/oil) and PAH compounds. Geologically, the site is primarily underlain by the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation, which typically comprises predominantly cohesive Mudstone soils, with interbedded sandstone and siltstone bands. One of these sandstone bands is shown to outcrop at the surface in the east of the site, which appears to have been encountered by a limited phase of intrusive works undertaken within the depot by Delta-Simons. The First Piper Coal Seam is shown to outcrop at surface in the east of the site. Alluvium is also indicated partially encroaching into the northwest of the site, along the route of the adjacent Boundary Brook, and the Lenton Sandstone Formation is shown to locally encroach into the southern extent of the site. The Alluvium and Coal Measures are indicated to comprise Secondary Aquifers, with the Lenton Sandstone Formation comprising a Principal Aquifer. A well is historically indicated in the northern tip of the site (within the depot area) between the 1950s and 1980s, after which time it is labelled as disused. None of the geological units indicated beneath the site are indicated with the BRE Special Digest 1:2005 (concrete in aggressive ground) publication as being potentially pyritic, albeit Coal Measures Shales may contain an appreciable quantity of pyrite (the presence of shales is not indicated beneath the site). The Landmark report identifies that the site is in a lower probability radon area, and no specific radon precautions are required in the construction of new dwellings or extensions. Natural Metal Enrichment of the natural strata beneath the site is not anticipated on the basis of the Landmark Envirocheck information.

3.6.2 Off-Site Land Use Assessment Summary

The site lies within an area historically characterised by quarrying activities, either for sand and gravel extraction (to the sites south and southeast) or for the opencast extraction of coal (primarily to the west and north of the site). These quarries are largely indicated to have been infilled upon cessation of extraction operations, with the large quarry to the southeast forming an historical landfill site. The industrial land uses historically present around the site are relatively limited, albeit a timber yard and upholstery manufacturers are indicated to the immediate northeast of the site. Any soil contamination arising from these two industrial activities may have led to some localised impaction of the soils present in the northeastern site area. A crematorium is also present to the sites immediate south, however any potential contamination loading to the site from this contaminant source is considered minimal.


4.0 PRELIMINARY COAL MINING RISK ASSESSMENT 4.1 Introduction

Part of the eastern area of the site is indicated on the Coal Authority Interactive Map Viewer to lie within a Development High Risk Area. The Coal Authority document ‘Risk Based Approach to Development Management – Guidance for Developers’, Version 4 (2017) defines the Development High Risk Area as follows: ‘The Development High Risk Area is the part of the coal mining reporting area which contains one or more recorded coal mining related features which have the potential for instability or a degree of risk to the surface from the legacy of coal mining operations. The combination of features included in this composite area includes mine entries; shallow coal workings recorded and probable; recorded coal mining related hazards; recorded mine gas sites; fissures and breaklines and previous surface mining sites. New development in this defined area needs to demonstrate that the development will be safe and stable taking full account of former coal mining activities. This area was formally known as the Development Referral Area.’ Where a site (or part of a site) is located within a Development High Risk Area there are existing recorded risks to ground stability from Coal mining legacy hazards, and new development needs to assess and mitigate these risks. The Coal Authority guidance document details the following Coal mining legacy risks which have the potential to present a risk to the public and the environment that need to be addressed during redevelopment:

• ‘mine entries

• shallow coal workings (recorded and probable)

• workable coal seam outcrops

• mine gas sites and areas

• recorded coal mining related hazards

• geological features (fissures and break lines)

• former surface mining sites / high wall (sometimes using historic opencast extraction methods)’

Within a Development High Risk Area, a desk-based Coal Mining Risk Assessment (CMRA) is typically required as a minimum to accompany a planning application and assess the potential risk to new development from a Coal mining legacy hazard, or combination of hazards. The production of this CMRA has been undertaken in accordance with the following guidance:

• The Coal Authority document ‘Risk Based Approach to Development Management – Guidance for Developers’, Version 4 (2017).

• CIRIA Special Publication 32 ‘Construction over abandoned mine workings’ (1984).

• The Coal Authority document ‘Guidance on managing the risk of hazardous gases when drilling or piling near coal’, Version 2, April 2019.

• CIRIA Report C758 ‘Abandoned Mine Workings Manual’ (2019).


4.2 Site Observations

A site walkover was undertaken as part of our Phase I Desk Study works. There was no evidence of any mining related features on site during our walkover (i.e. mine shafts, fissures, localised uneven ground, waterlogged ground etc.).

4.3 Historical Evidence of Mining

Our review of the historical maps has not revealed the presence of any recorded coal mining related features on the site. A review of Landmark historical maps has revealed the presence of a colliery (the Trowell Moor Colliery) to the west of the site, together with opencast workings associated with sand and gravel extraction across the wider area to the south of the site (the exposed faces of which are locally still visible within the Stapleford Hill Local Nature Reserve).

4.4 Geological Conditions and Coal Seams

The majority of the site (with the exception of the southernmost edge of the site which is indicated to be underlain by the younger Lenton Sandstone Formation) is indicated to be underlain by the Pennine Lower Coal Measures (PLCM) strata comprising interbedded Mudstone, Siltstone, Sandstone and commonly Coal seams. A band of sandstone within the PLCM is indicated to outcrop in the east of the site. A Coal seam, identified as the First Piper Coal Seam, is indicated on the geological maps to outcrop in the eastern area of the site, orientated approximately north-northwest to south-southeast. The First Piper coal seam is indicated to dip down towards the northeast and may therefore be present near surface in the eastern extent of the site. The Deep Hard Coal seam is indicated to outcrop at the intersection of Sidings Lane and Coventry Lane to the sites east (at around 15m distance), orientated approximately northwest to southeast and dipping down to the northeast. Dependent on mapping accuracy it is possible that the Deep Hard Coal seam may outcrop, and be present at or near surface, in the eastern extremity of the site. The angle of dip of the strata in the immediate area of the site is not indicated, however in the wider area the angle is shown as up to 40°. The dip of the strata is indicated to be down to the north-northeast. Based on our review of available geology maps (see Section 3.2) the Coal seams which may potentially be present beneath the site may be summarised in the following table.


TABLE 3 – SUMMARY OF COAL SEAM INFORMATION

Named Coal Seam

Recorded Thickness

(m)

Stratigraphy Comments

Roof Soft ‘Thin’ – exact thickness not

provided

The Roof Soft coal seam is indicated to outcrop approximately 250m to the east of the

site, orientated northwest to southeast and dipping towards the north-northeast. The First

Piper is shown as being situated between around 32m and 42m below the Roof Soft, with the variance due to the Roof Soft leaf

locally intersecting the Deep Soft.

Due to the indicated distance of the outcrop from the site and the direction of indicated dip, the Roof Soft is considered unlikely to pose any significant

ground stability issues to the proposed development.

Deep Soft 1.02m The Deep Soft coal seam is indicated to outcrop approximately 45m to the east of the site, orientated northwest to southeast and

dipping towards the north-northeast. The First Piper is shown as being situated around 32m

below the Deep Soft coal seam on the stratigraphic column of the geological maps.

Due to the indicated distance of the outcrop from the site and the direction of indicated dip, the Deep Soft is considered unlikely to pose any significant

ground stability issues to the proposed development.

Deep Hard 1.27m The Deep Hard is indicated to outcrop at the surface around 15m to the east of the site (at

the junction of Sidings Lane and Coventry Lane) orientated northwest to southeast. Due to mapping inaccuracies, the Deep Hard may

be present at outcrop in the far eastern extremity of the site.

The First Piper coal seam is indicated on the stratigraphic column of the geological maps to be present around 15m below the Deep Hard.

The Deep Hard may locally encroach into the site at outcrop, although this is likely to be specific to

the easternmost extremities of the site. The opencast workings associated with the First Piper

coal seam to the sites north appear to have intersected the Deep Hard, and subsequently

extracted some of this coal seam. The Deep Hard is therefore likely to be present at depths where

historical pillar and stall workings may have been possible, albeit these are considered unlikely to significantly affect the site from this coal seam.

First Piper 0.64m The First Piper coal seam is shown to outcrop at the surface in the east of the site, orientated

approximately north-northwest to south-southeast. The seam is shown to dip towards the north-northeast, and is therefore likely to

be present near surface beneath the site area to the east of the outcrop.

The First Piper is indicated to be of viable extractive thickness, and the geological maps

show evidence of opencast workings of the seam outcrop to the north of the site (beyond

approximately 250m). Specific investigation works will be necessary to

assess Coal mining legacy risks.

Second Piper Exact thickness not provided

The stratigraphic column indicates that the Second Piper Coal Seam may underlie the

First Piper Coal Seam, and may therefore be present in the central/western area of the site,

potentially at subcrop.

Due to the uncertainty over the presence of the Second Piper Coal Seam beneath the site, the

advancement of a nominal number of boreholes within the central/western site areas is

recommended to confirm the ground model.

Hospital ‘Thin’ – exact thickness not

provided

Indicated to outcrop approximately 85m-90m to the west of the First Piper Coal Seam (see below), albeit is no longer mapped between

the site and the outcrop shown approximately 660m to the site’s northwest.

The termination of mapping of the Hospital coal seam at outcrop may indicate that the seam peters out towards the site, albeit it is also noted that the seam ends at the point roughly coinciding with the commencement of the surface opencast activity

associated with the Piper coal seam (worked towards the northeast).

Low Main 0.28m – 0.84m Indicated on geological maps to outcrop approximately 375m to the west of the site,

dipping down to the north-north east. On the stratigraphic column of the geological map,

the Low Main is indicated to be situated around 38m below the First Piper seam.

Due to the distance from the site and the indicated angle of dip in this area (around 40o) this coal

seam, whilst potentially present at depth beneath the site, is considered unlikely to pose a significant ground stability risk to the proposed development.

Yard and Blackshale

- Indicated to outcrop approximately 360m to the southwest of the site, beyond a fault. The fault appears to have thrown these two coal

seams (which are shown to have been worked via opencast methods at outcrop).

On the stratigraphic column of the geological map, these seams are indicated to be situated around 63m below the First Piper coal seam.

As the fault appears to have thrown these two coal seams (with the seams shown as terminating at the fault line) it is considered unlikely that these two seams would be present beneath the site at

shallow depths.

We would note that Coal seam nomenclature may vary between information sources.


As noted in Table 3, several coal seams are indicated to the west of the site, that correspond to ‘older’ coal seams that would stratigraphically dip beneath the subject site. The hospital coal seam comprise one of these seams, however the mapped outcrop is shown to disappear approximately 660m to the sites northwest. Whilst potentially corresponding to the seam tapering out, or having been excavated as part of the opencast excavations associated with the First Piper Coal Seam at this point, a review of the BGS geological memoirs for the area has identified the following information: ‘THREEQUARTERS COAL TO CLAY CROSS MARINE BAND These measures range in thickness from 304 to 455 feet, and include the Low Main, First Piper, Deep Hard and Deep Soft coals, which were extensively mined as sources of household and steam coals throughout the district and have also been widely exploited by opencast methods. The Deep Soft group of coals is combined over a restricted area near Smalley to form the thickest coal sequence in the district…The two widespread and important sandstones of the measures are the ‘Tupton Rock’, found in the west and also within a broad channel in the eastern part of the district, and the ‘Deep Hard Rock’ which occupies a narrow belt extending north-eastwards from its outcrop at Salterwood. Boreholes in the east of the district illustrate the manner in which the Cockleshell and Hospital coals thin or disappear on the crests of thick sandstones. In contrast, however, the individual thicknesses of the coals of the Deep Soft group appear to be little related to the thickness of underlying sandstone, although the splitting of the coal sequence was controlled by the influx of sand at various times and locations.’ Given the presence of a sandstone band to the northwest of the site, as identified on the 1:10,000 series geological map sheets, the Hospital seam may therefore disappear due to the effect described above. Where accurate, the Hospital coal seam would not therefore be anticipated beneath the subject site, and even where present is not shown to be of viable extraction thickness (being listed as simply ‘thin’ on the geological maps).

4.5 Faults

Two fault lines are indicated in the general vicinity of the site. The first fault crosses through the central site area, orientated approximately west-northwest to east-southeast and downthrown to the south-southwest. A second fault line is present approximately 240m to the sites south, orientated roughly northwest to southeast and downthrown to the northeast. The presence of these two faults has resulted in significant differences in the geological sequence across the sites general area, and has resulted in many of the coal seams being terminated at the junction with the faults (due to either lateral or vertical displacement, with the latter potentially also resulting in subsequent weathering/erosion to remove coal seams from the stratigraphic sequence). Faults can act as a preferential pathway for mines gases, particularly where workings are present. However, given that the coal seams to the north of the fault dip towards the northeast, other than the Piper Coal Seam (which outcrops on the site) the migration potential for ground gases from these off-site seams is considered low at this stage. Similarly, any coal seams present to the south of the on-site fault appear to have been displaced by the presence of the second fault to the south, with limited potential for any shallow coal seams to be present beneath the central and southern parts of the subject site. It is however noted that faults can also enable mine gas migration towards the surface from much deeper workings, albeit the commissioned Coal Authority mining reports (summarised in Section 4.6) do not indicate the presence of underground coal workings beneath the site.


It is noted that the presence of faults can lead to locally weakened or softened soils, resulting from the historical movement of the ground during displacement. The resultant rock may be unconsolidated (unless cementation occurred at a later stage) and is known as fault gouge.

4.6 Coal Authority Reports

The entire site area lies within a coal mining reporting area based on the online interactive map viewer, and to assist in the production of this Coal Mining Risk Assessment we have commissioned appropriate Coal Authority mining reports for the site. Due to the identified presence of a High Risk Development Area within the eastern part of the site only (see Section 4.7 for further details), we have acquired separate reports for the western half of the site (comprising a CON29M coal mining report given the lower coal mining risks associated with this area) and the eastern half of the site (comprising a Consultants coal mining report, which provides additional information on the mining legacy of the subject area). Further comment and discussion of each of the reports is provided below in the following sections.

4.6.1 CON29M Coal Authority Mining Report – Western Site Area A copy of the CON29M Coal Authority mining report for the western site area is included in Appendix VII. The report confirms that the subject area is located on the coalfield, and may be summarised as follows:

Underground Coal Mining The report states ‘The property [i.e. the site] is not within a surface area that could be affected by any past recorded underground coal mining’. The site is not likely to be affected by present underground mining and is unlikely to be affected by plans for future workings, however the report states ‘… reserves of coal exist in the local area which could be worked at some time in the future’.

Mine Entries The report states ‘There are no recorded coal mine entries known to the Coal Authority within, or within 20 metres of, the boundary of the property’.

Coal Mining Geology The report states that ‘The Coal Authority is not aware of any damage due to geological faults or other lines of weakness that have been affected by coal mining’. Opencast Mining The report states that ‘The property is not within the boundary of an opencast site from which coal has been removed by opencast methods’. The site is not indicated to be affected by present or future plans for opencast mining.


Coal Mining Subsidence The report states that ‘The Coal Authority has not received a damage notice or claim for the subject property, or any property within 50 metres of the enquiry boundary, since 31 October 1994’. Mine Gas The report states that ‘The Coal Authority has no record of a mine gas emission requiring action’. Hazards Relating to Coal Mining

The report states that the site ‘...has not been subject to remedial works, by or on behalf of the Coal Authority, under its Emergency Surface Hazard Call Out procedures’.

Comments

On the basis of the Coal Authority information provided, no specific investigation or action in relation to historical coal mining issues was recommended at the site within the Coal Authority reports. However, a detailed appraisal of other information sources is provided within this report, and further comment on the potential legacy of coal mining risks is provided herein.

4.6.2 Consultants Coal Mining Report – Eastern Site Area A copy of the Coal Authority Consultants mining report for the eastern site area is included in Appendix VII. The report may be summarised as follows:

4.6.2.1 Mining Activity and Geology Past Underground Coal Mining The Consultants Report notes that there is ‘No past mining recorded’ beneath the site. Probable Unrecorded Shallow Workings The mining report notes that there are no probable unrecorded shallow workings present beneath the subject site. Spine Roadways at Shallow Depth The mining report does not identify the presence of any mining spine roadways recorded at shallow depth beneath the site. Mine Entries No recorded coal mine entries are identified within 100m of the enquiry boundary. Outcrops The report identifies the First Piper Coal seam outcropping within the site (in the eastern area), with a bearing of 161° (i.e. generally north-northwest to south-southeast). The First Piper coal seam is indicated to be of workable quality, as indicated in the following table (as extracted from the Consultants mining report).


The Coal Authority information does not indicate the direction of dip, however with reference to the geological maps the seam is indicated to generally dip down to the northeast and may therefore be present near surface in the eastern extent of the site. Although not mentioned in the Coal Authority report, the Deep Hard Coal seam is indicated to outcrop approximately 15m-20m to the east of the site, orientated approximately northwest to southeast and dipping down to the northeast. Dependent on mapping accuracy, the Deep Hard Coal seam may potentially locally encroach at outcrop within the far eastern extent of the site. Geological Faults, Fissures and Breaklines No faults, fissures or breaklines are recorded at the site in the Consultants Report. Opencast Mines The Consultants Report indicates that the site has not been subjected to former opencast activities. However, large opencast areas are indicated both to the west and north of the site, associated with the historical extraction of coal. Given the indicated coal mining legacy of the sites immediate and general surrounding area, the First Piper coal seam indicated to be present beneath the eastern area of the site may therefore have been partly or entirely removed by historical unrecorded surface opencast mining. Coal Authority Managed Tips No Coal Authority Managed Tips are indicated at the site, or within 500m of the site. For information on other types of ‘tips’, reference to the environmental search information detailed in Section 3.4.2 should be made.

4.6.2.2 Investigative or Remedial Activity

Site Investigations The Coal Authority has no record of site investigations on the site, or within 50m of the site. Remediated Sites There are no Remediated Sites indicated on the site, or within 50m of the site. Coal Mining Subsidence The Consultants Report indicates that the Coal Authority has not received a damage notice or claim for the subject site boundary, or any property within 50m, since 31st October 1994.


Mine Gas There are no mine gas incident/remediation sites identified on the site, or within 500m of the site. Mine Water Treatment Schemes There are no mine water treatment schemes identified on the site, or within 500m of the site.

4.6.2.3 Licensing and Future Mining Activity

Future Underground Mining The report indicates that there are no plans for future underground mining at the site. Coal Mining Licensing No Coal mining licenses are recorded within 200m of the site. Court Orders No court orders are recorded for the site. Section 46 Notices No notices have been given, under section 46 of the Coal Mining Subsidence Act 1991, stating that the land is at risk of subsidence. Withdrawal of Support Notices The property is not located within an area where a notice to withdraw support has been given. The property is not in an area where a notice has been given under section 41 of the Coal Industry Act 1994, cancelling the entitlement to withdraw support. Payment of Owners of Former Copyhold Land The property is not in an area where a relevant notice has been published under the Coal Industry Act 1975/Coal Industry Act 1994.

4.7 Coal Authority Interactive Map Viewer The Coal Authority Interactive Map Viewer was viewed to attempt to provide any further information on the mining status of the site: Development High Risk Area A view of the Development High Risk Area applicable to the site is shown below. It is noted that the extent of the development high risk area coincides with the position of the indicated coal seam outcrop, therefore the high risk appears to be attributable to the potential for historical shallow workings associated with extraction along the route of the coal seam.


Coal Outcrops are defined by the Coal Authority as follows: ‘This layer identifies where an underground coal seam reaches rockhead, indicating coal that may have been worked at some time in the past. Whilst this dataset highlights areas of probable underground workings at shallow depth, it may also include areas where the un-viable seams of coal remain. This dataset contains a buffer of 50m on the dip side of the outcrops position as held by the Coal Authority.’ The following Coal mining risks contribute to the designation of the Development High Risk Area: Surface Mining A view of the Surface Mining (Past and Current) layer is shown below, and the image reveals that the land to the north and west of the site appears to have been subject to surface mining, with a further shape file indicating that all of the grey shaded areas correspond to unlicensed extraction activity. Surface mining is defined by the Coal Authority as follows: ‘Surface Mining Areas denote an area of coal extracted by surface excavations in the past or are being excavated currently, these sites do not necessarily reflect the extent of the excavation. Coal resources may still be available within these areas due to the inefficiencies of some historic mining techniques. These areas are often referred to as “opencast mining”.’

Site


Probable Shallow Coal Mine Workings A view of the Probable Shallow Coal Mine Workings layer is shown below, which also includes the locations of Coal Authority known mine entries in the general area. The plan shows the area to the immediate northeast of the site as being within an area of probable shallow underground mine workings, which appears to correspond to the down-dip area (i.e. to the northeast) from the Deep Hard Coal Seam. No probable underground workings are identified by the Coal Authority associated with the First Piper Coal Seam, which is the seam that is indicated to outcrop through the eastern extent of the site.

Site

Site


Probable Shallow Coal Mine Workings are is defined by the Coal Authority as follows: ‘Probable shallow coal mine workings contain locations and estimated extents of probable shallow underground workings for which no recorded plan exists, but where it is likely that workable coal at shallow depths has been mined before records were kept. The data has been estimated from available mining records by qualified mining surveyors.’

4.8 Initial Coal Mining Risk Assessment

The following conclusions and recommendations are based on the findings of the desk-based Coal Mining Risk Assessment. Appropriate Phase II Exploratory Investigation works should be undertaken to confirm the findings of this initial Coal Mining Risk Assessment. CIRIA C758 ‘Abandoned Mine Workings Manual’ (2019) states the following in relation to potential risks associated with historical mining:

‘The UK has a long history of mining and old abandoned mine workings are distributed widely throughout the country. While much of the mining concerned the extraction of coal, various other minerals were valued and also wrought by underground mining methods. Limestone, fireclay, ironstone, sandstone and oil shales are among the more common minerals that were mined, sometimes in conjunction with coal. It was not until the statute of the Coal Mines Regulation Act and the Metalliferous, Mines Regulation Act of 1872, that obligations were placed on mine owners to deposit plans and to record their activities with the Secretary of State. So, while most mining that took place after this date was recorded in memoirs and mine abandonment plans that remain available for inspection, many of the mines that pre-date 1872, and even some later mining operations, remain without record. Except where mine workings are known to exist through records or the existence of surface features, such as shafts or spoil heaps, or are suspected through the existence of economic seams beneath an area, surface subsidence is often the first indication that old mine workings exist. Such ground movements can be of sufficient magnitude to affect structures, services and infrastructure and can lead to flooding of low-lying areas. The expression of subsidence at the surface is a manifestation of a collapse within mine workings. It can be characterised into two forms, these being elongated depressions (or trough subsidence) and crown hole development. Trough subsidence can occur over a wide area. In contrast, crown holes tend to be localised and take the form of a steep-sided conical depression, or a hole with vertical or near-vertical sides (chimney-hole), occasionally of considerable depth. The potential for mining subsidence to occur depends on a number of factors. All of which are influenced or invoked by the method of extraction. Although mining methods have varied through the years, there were two main systems of working utilised in the mining of coal, known generally as ‘longwall’ and ‘room and pillar’. In the longwall system of mining, which was the more modern of the techniques of coal extraction, virtual total removal of the seam was achieved. The room and pillar method of working was commonly used in earlier coal mining, and in the more recent cavernous extraction of minerals such as limestones, sandstones and fireclays. With pillars, or stoops, of the mineral retained for support, the techniques necessarily resulted in only partial extraction. In some instances of progressive abandonment, pillars were removed partially or wholly (often referred to as ‘pillar robbing’).


The depths at which a collapse in the mine workings can manifest at surface differs markedly because of the different mining methods employed. In the case of longwall mining, surface subsidence can be experienced from workings lying at several hundred metres depth. In contrast, the surface movement arising from room and pillar workings will be largely restricted to collapses in seams lying at considerably lesser depths (generally within 50 m), although this depends on the height of the workings and mechanism of failure. For example, subsidence has been experienced in instances of thicker mineral seams where room and pillar mines lie at significantly greater depths. For mining subsidence to occur there must firstly be a failure in the workings and there are many mechanisms that can instigate collapse at the worked level. In old abandoned mine workings, most collapses result from a general deterioration within the mine over a period of time. As such, the potential for a failure to occur in older mines may increase through time, with an increase in the frequency of failures possibly happening in the future. Such failures in shallow mine workings are particularly critical in urban areas and along routes of transport infrastructure, so the need to recognise the deterioration processes is paramount in any assessment of mining instability. Bruhn et al.:(1981) stated that “...the possibility of future subsidence at a site cannot be ruled out merely because subsidence has not been recognised in the first 50 or 100 years after mining. If abandoned mine workings beneath a site have not been designed for long-term stability the potential for subsidence remains until the openings collapse or until they are stabilised.” They went on to highlight that "precisely when collapse might take place in the absence of stabilisation is not predictable”.

In summary, mine workings should be considered potentially susceptible to collapse unless measures have been taken to secure them, or there is sufficient information to demonstrate that they are inherently stable. So detailed consideration of the method of mining and the geological configuration of the mines is required to provide an understanding of the potential for mining-induced subsidence to occur.’ The foregoing desk-based research has identified the following site-specific key mining related risk issues, in accordance with The Coal Authority document ‘Risk Based Approach to Development Management – Guidance for Developers’, Version 4 (2017):

• Possible shallow coal mine workings (i.e. possible pillar and stall) on the down-dip side of the First Piper Coal Seam (i.e. located within the northeastern extent of the site).

• Workable quality Coal seam outcrops (First Piper Coal seam) in the eastern area of the site.

• Possible mine gases (including Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide) associated with any underground mine workings and deep Made Ground.

• Potential for shallow underground coal workings in the central and western parts of the site associated with the Hospital or Second Piper Coal Seams; albeit these seams are considered a generally moderate/low risk due to the ‘thin’ nature of the seams and the comments provided in the Coal Authority mining reports.

Based on the foregoing, a programme of ground investigation works is recommended to provide further information on the foregoing coal mining legacy risks.

4.9 Methodology for Coal Mining Investigation Works and Assessment

Based on the foregoing, shallow unrecorded mine workings may locally be present beneath the site and a programme of rotary borehole investigation works is required to investigate the presence and worked state of shallow Coal seams/workings, and assess the potential for any workings to affect surface stability.


If shallow Coal workings are revealed by investigation works it may be necessary to undertake drilling and grouting to stabilise the workings or adopt other stabilisation techniques dependent on the findings of the investigation works and redevelopment proposals. On a typical site (where bedrock is at/near surface), in order to determine the nature and extent of any Coal/workings beneath a site, a series of boreholes are generally required to depths in the region of 30m below ground level (i.e. the depth that shallow Coal mining can typically express itself at the surface). Dependent on the ground conditions and redevelopment proposals it may be necessary to advance boreholes to depths in excess of 30m. Where any of the boreholes reveal worked Coal (i.e. voids or broken ground) within ten times seam thickness of competent rock cover (i.e. 10t criterion), stabilisation is typically required, however this will be dependent on the ground conditions encountered and the redevelopment proposals. We acknowledge that the adoption of the 10t criterion comprises a general assessment technique and there may be geological and other factors that require a departure from this approach (detailed further within CIRIA C758). An excerpt from ‘Structural Foundation Manual for Low-Rise Buildings’ Second Edition by M.F. Atkinson (2003) is included below to highlight the 10t criterion.

Drilling works should be undertaken in accordance with the Coal Authority document ‘Guidance on managing the risk of hazardous gases when drilling or piling near coal’, Version 2, April 2019.


5.0 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL 5.1 General

The DEFRA publication ‘Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part 2A Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance’ (dated April 2012) states the following with regards to the production of a Conceptual Site Model (CSM) for a site:

‘The process of risk assessment involves understanding the risks presented by land, and the associated uncertainties. In practice, this understanding is usually developed and communicated in the form of a “conceptual model”’. The development of a CSM is typically undertaken in an iterative process, reflecting the changes in understanding as more detailed site information becomes available.

In developing a CSM, and specifically in the context of land contamination, consideration needs to be given to three essential elements; which form the basis of any risk present. The statutory guidance sections 3.8 and 3.9 (April 2012) states the following:

(a) ‘A “contaminant” is a substance which is in, on or under the land and which has the

potential to cause significant harm to a relevant receptor, or to cause significant pollution of controlled waters.

(b) A “receptor” is something that could be adversely affected by a contaminant, for example a person, an organism, and ecosystem, property, or controlled waters...

(c) A “pathway” is a route by which a receptor is or might be affected by a contaminant.

The term “contaminant linkage” means the relationship between a contaminant, a pathway and a receptor.’ For a contaminant linkage to be plausible, all three elements need to be present.

In undertaking a risk assessment and deriving a CSM for the purposes of the redevelopment of a site (i.e. planning and development control) reference has been made to both the Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination, as well as the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, dated February 2019). The preliminary CSM should identify the hazards (source of potential contamination) and should set out the potential pollutant linkages with a view to identifying the nature and magnitude of the potential risks to receptors. In order to undertake the foregoing assessment, consideration is required with respect to the probability or likelihood of the linkage occurring and the severity and significance of the potential consequences; taking account the nature of the pollutant linkage and the potential severity of the hazard and the sensitivity of the receptor within the context of the proposed land use (in consideration of the planning regime). Consideration of consequence/severity, probability/likelihood and risk has been based on the following guidance documentation:

• CIRIA C552 ‘Contaminated Land Risk Assessment, A Guide to Good Practice’, 2001.

• EA R&D publication 66 ‘Guidance for the Safe Development of Housing on Land Affected by Contamination’, 2008.

5.2 Classification of Consequences

In order to apply a consequence classification to a particular potential pollutant linkage, it is first necessary to define the terminology used within the classification system.


The following terminology and definitions detailed in Table 4 have been adopted within our assessment, based on the guidance referenced in Section 5.1.

TABLE 4 – CLASSIFICATION OF CONSEQUENCES

Classification Definition Severe • Acute risks to human health.

• Short-term risk of pollution of controlled waters or significant impact on controlled waters; e.g. large-scale pollution or very high levels of contamination.

• Catastrophic damage to buildings or property (such as building explosion causing collapse).

• Ecological system effects – immediate risks of major damage which is likely to result in irreversible substantial adverse changes in the functioning of the ecosystem or harm to a species of special interest that endangers the long-term maintenance of the population.

Medium • Chronic risks to human health.

• Pollution of sensitive water resources (such as leaching of contaminants into controlled waters) causing a significant effect on water quality.

• Ecological system effects – Immediate risks of significant damage which may result in substantial adverse changes to the ecosystems functioning or harm to a species of special interest that may endanger the long-term maintenance of the population.

• Significant damage to buildings, structures and services (for example foundation damage or rendering the building unsuitable for habitation).

Mild • Non-permanent health effects to human health (i.e. exposure is unlikely to lead to ‘significant harm’ in the context of Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990).

• Pollution of controlled waters or non-sensitive water resources (for example non-classified groundwater) that results in a short-lived effect to water quality or a marginal effect on amenity value, agriculture or commerce.

• Minor damage to buildings, structures and services.

• Ecological system effects – Minor or short-term damage which is unlikely to result in substantial adverse changes to the ecosystems functioning or harm to a species of special interest.

• Substantial damage to non-sensitive environments (such as arable farmland for example).

Minor • No measurable effects on human health including non-permanent health effects to human health that are easily preventable by appropriate use of PPE/RPE.

• Minor pollution of controlled waters including non-sensitive water resources with no discernible effects on water quality or ecosystems.

• Minor damage to non-sensitive environments (including arable farmland for example).

• Easily repairable effects of damage to buildings, structures, services or the environment (for example discolouration of concrete, loss of plants in a landscaping scheme etc.).

5.3 Classification of Probability

Once the possibility of a pollutant linkage has been established (noting that probability classification does not apply when there is no possibility of a linkage being present), the probability should be classified in accordance with Table 5.

TABLE 5 – CLASSIFICATION OF PROBABILITY

Classification Definition Likelihood

High Likelihood

There is a pollutant linkage and an event is highly likely to occur in the short-term, and is almost inevitable over the long-term OR there is evidence at the receptor of harm or pollution occurring.

>95% likelihood of Consequence Occurring

Likely There is a pollutant linkage and it is probable that an event will occur. It is not inevitable, but possible in the short-term and likely over the long-term.

50 – 95% likelihood of Consequence Occurring

Low Likelihood

There is a pollutant linkage and circumstances are possible under which an event could occur. It is by no means certain that even over a longer period such an event would take place, and less likely in the short-term.

5 – 49% Likelihood of Consequence Occurring

Unlikely There is a pollutant linkage and it is improbable that an event would occur even in the very long-term.

<5% likelihood of Consequence Occurring


5.4 Classification of Risk

In order to establish the relevant risk term applicable to the identified pollutant linkage, one of the risk phrases identified within Table 6 must be adopted, with the definitions of each risk term detailed within Table 7.

TABLE 6 - RISK CLASSIFICATION MATRIX (BASED ON CIRIA C552, 2001)

Consequence of Risk

Severe Medium Mild Minor

Pro

bab

ility

(Lik

elih

oo

d)

High Likelihood

Very High High Moderate Moderate/Low

Likely

High Moderate Moderate/Low Low

Low Likelihood Moderate

Moderate/Low Low Negligible

Unlikely Moderate/Low Low Negligible Negligible or

No Potential Risk

TABLE 7 - RISK CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS (BASED ON CIRIA C552, 2001 & MODIFIED BY GEODYNE)

Very High

There is a high probability that severe harm will arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard OR there is evidence that severe harm to a designated receptor is currently happening. This risk, if realised, is likely to result in a substantial liability. Urgent investigation (if not undertaken already) and remediation are likely to be required.

High

Harm is likely to arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. Realisation of the risk is likely to present a substantial liability. Urgent investigation (if not undertaken already) is required and remedial works may be necessary in the short term and are likely over the longer term.

Moderate

It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. However, there is a low likelihood that such harm would be severe, or if any harm were to occur it is more likely that the harm would be mild. Investigation (if not already undertaken) is normally required to clarify the risk and to determine the potential liability. Some remedial works may be required in the longer term.

Moderate/Low

It is possible that harm could arise to a receptor. However, a combination of likelihood and consequence results in a risk that is above low but is not of sufficient concern to be classified as moderate. It can be driven by cases where there is an acute risk which carries a severe consequence, but where the exposure is unlikely. Such harm would at worse normally be mild. The risk is unlikely to present a substantial liability. Some limited further investigation may be required to clarify the risk and any associated liability. If subsequent remediation works are necessary, they are likely to be limited in extent.

Low It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard, but it is likely that this harm, if realised, would at worst normally be mild.

Negligible There is a low possibility that harm could arise to a receptor. In the event of such harm being realised it is unlikely to be any worse than mild. No liability would be associated with such risks.

No Potential Risk There is no potential risk or liability where no pollutant linkage has been established.

5.5 Contaminant [C] - Pathway [P] - Receptor [R] Considerations

The following CPR assessment has been undertaken assuming a residential end-use, inclusive of private garden areas (i.e. a residential with plant uptake end-use).

5.6 Consideration of Potential Sources of Contamination [C]

Based on the findings of our works and the land use summaries included in Section 3.6, the potential key sources of contamination at the site that would require consideration for the derivation of an initial CSM would be the following:


TABLE 8 – SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES

Areas of Potential Concern (APCs) Potential Associated Contaminants

Depot Area (including storage of site plant, liquid storage area and tanks)

▪ Metals and metalloids ▪ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ▪ Hydrocarbons (fuel/oil) and associated vapours ▪ Organic compounds (including solvents, lubricants etc.) ▪ Ground gases (i.e. carbon dioxide and methane) ▪ Acid/sulphate contaminated soils ▪ Asbestos

Former Railway Land (a former railway line ran through the north of the site, leading into the area of the Depot)

▪ Herbicides ▪ Metals and metalloids ▪ PAHs (ash/clinker historically used as ballast) ▪ Acid/sulphate contamination

Agricultural Field Areas ▪ Pesticides ▪ Metals and metalloids (associated with crop applications) ▪ PAHs (Delta-Simons noted the presence of possible

weed/crop control by burning activities)

Bedrock Strata (Coal/workings) ▪ Ground gases (including methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide)

Off-site Contamination Sources (including infilled sand pits, landfill site, former opencast workings, adjacent former timber works and upholstery works etc.)

▪ Ground Gases (i.e. methane and carbon dioxide) ▪ Metals and metalloids (primary associated with the former

timber yard and any associated wood treatment processes) ▪ Creosote (including phenols and cresols)

5.7 Consideration of Potential Pathways [P]

The potential pathways at the site are primarily:

• Direct ingestion of soil.

• Inhalation of dust and vapours.

• Direct skin contact with the ground.

• Ingestion of home-grown produce.

• Direct contact with construction materials.

• Vertical and lateral migration of contamination.

• Vertical and lateral migration of ground gases and vapours. 5.8 Consideration of Potential Receptors [R]

The potential receptors at the site are:

• The final end users (residents - typically long term (chronic) exposure and site visitors – typically short term (acute) exposure).

• Neighbouring properties (i.e. off-site receptors).

• Controlled Waters (i.e. underlying groundwater and surface waters).

• Ecological receptors (Stapleford Hill Local Nature Reserve).

• Buildings and construction materials. In preparing this CSM, it has been assumed that construction personnel involved with the development of the site (typically short term (acute) exposure) will adopt all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE and RPE etc.) and conform to health and safety requirements of their site-specific Risk Assessments and Method Statements (RAMS). Site workers have therefore not been included within the following table, as the adoption of these appropriate mitigation measures will result in an overall low risk of exposure to the C-P-R linkages identified.


5.9 Preliminary Risk Assessment / Conceptual Site Model Our preliminary Conceptual Site Model (CSM) of possible pollutant linkages, applicable to the proposed site usage and based on our current understanding, is summarised in Table 9.

TABLE 9 – PRELIMINARY RISK ASSESSMENT SUMMARY (DESK STUDY)

Area of Potential Concern

[C] Potential Pathway(s)

[P] Potential Receptor

[R] Probability of CPR Linkage

Consequence of CPR Linkage

Risk Level Comments / Justification

Depot Area

Direct contact, ingestion or inhalation

End users Likely Medium Moderate Previous ground investigation works by Delta-Simons revealed Made Ground to depths ranging between 0.90m and 2.50m begl within the central area of the Depot. The Made Ground soils were also identified to be contaminated with respect to hydrocarbons and PAHs. Given the change in topography at the southwestern corner of the Depot (facilitated by a circa 2m slope), parts of the Depot are anticipated to have been historically built-up, as seemingly evidenced by the Made Ground thicknesses previously recorded. The Depot area also incorporates a waste oil/liquid storage area off the northern façade of the building, and a red diesel fuel dispenser was observed in this area (dispensed from a large plastic container). However, secondary containment systems were observed to be in place, and a site operative informed us that these were regularly emptied to avoid overtopping. Spill kits were also observed to manage any localised spillages. Other storage materials were observed on site during our walkover, with numerous site plant kept in the yard. A vehicle inspection pit was observed internally to the main Depot building.

Leaching of Contaminants through unsaturated zone

Groundwater Likely Medium Moderate The soils beneath the Depot are indicated to be primarily underlain by a Sandstone band associated with the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation, which appears to have been corroborated by the investigation works in this area undertaken by Delta-Simons. The Depot area is indicated to be underlain by a Secondary A Aquifer, albeit we would note that the site is not located within a defined SPZ. The presence of an historical well in this area suggests that groundwater was present (at least historically) at an abstractable depth (i.e. may be at relatively shallow depths). Based on the supplied preliminary ground investigation information acquired from the Depot area by Delta-Simons, the Made Ground does contain elevated levels of potentially mobile contaminants (albeit this cannot be quantified as we have not been provided with a copy of the final report).









At this stage, we have therefore assumed that the migration of potentially mobile organic contamination is likely given the previous findings and current storage of liquid wastes (albeit seemingly with good housekeeping practices adopted by site personnel).

Surface run-off or base flow from contaminated groundwater

Surface Waters Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low Impacts to surface water receptors would require the area of the Depot to be in hydraulic continuity with such features. The closest surface watercourse comprises the Boundary Brook, located approximately 70m to the west of the site (adjacent to the wider site boundary) or circa 37m to the site’s northwest (beyond the adjacent railway line). It is noted that site levels fall towards the south/southwest of the Depot, albeit surface water run-off is considered unlikely to directly affect the watercourse due to the distances involved. Given that the geology is indicated to change to a less permeable cohesive Mudstone in the western extent of the Depot, any groundwater within the sandstone band is likely to preferentially migrate within the sandstone itself (in such case, anticipated to be towards the southeast following the orientation of the sandstone outcrop).

Inhalation of fugitive dust

Neighbouring users Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low Masterplan proposals have not been provided to us for review, therefore it is unknown what development aspirations comprise for this area. However, contaminated Made Ground has been identified by others in the area of the Depot, which will require careful management during the course of construction works to prevent the generation of airborne dust (via dampening down etc.).

Direct contact Construction Materials (including utility supply pipes and concrete)

Likely Medium Moderate Previous works undertaken by Delta-Simons has identified the presence of organic soil contamination within the Made Ground soils beneath the Depot. The presence of organic contaminants can permeate standard (plastic) supply pipe materials, and therefore protected supply pipes may be required in this area. Acidic or high sulfate containing soils may be associated with Made Ground, particularly where chemicals are stored on site (as is the case within the Depot).

Vertical and lateral migration of ground gases

Building Envelope and End Users

Likely Medium Moderate The area of the Depot is indicated to be underlain by Made Ground on the reviewed BGS geological map publications, which has been confirmed by the investigation previously completed by Delta-Simons. Whilst significant organic content of the Made Ground was not indicated (other than inclusions of ash and clinker), the reported findings of a single ground gas monitoring visit revealed the potential for elevated ground gases to be present.









Former Railway Land (on-site)

Direct contact, ingestion or inhalation

End users Likely Medium Moderate A former railway, shown to be situated atop on embankment on the historical maps and which appears to have been (at least partially) retained in-situ based on our walkover survey, ran through the northern part of the site; to the immediate south of the Depot. This area was heavily vegetated with scrub/trees and rough grasses at the time of our walkover, which prevented detailed observation and visual investigation of the area. It is noted that a visual assessment of the railway embankments to the north of the wider site area comprised a black gravel, which may be derived from ash/clinker materials (furnace slag and coal ash were often historically utilised as ballast; noting the nearby location of the former Stanton Ironworks). Similar materials may therefore have been utilised beneath the railway spur that led into the site. The application of herbicides was a common practice for railway land to manage the growth of weeds/plant colonisation on the lines. Some of the older chemical applications may have included persistent chemicals, traces of which may still be contained in the in-situ soils.


Groundwater Low Likelihood Mild Low Any leachable elements of soil bound herbicide contamination from historical applications is likely to have already occurred given that the railway line became disused in the 1960s, and given the current condition of the area (i.e. heavily overgrown) an ongoing contamination source is not anticipated.


Surface Waters Low Likelihood Mild Low The Boundary Brook lies adjacent to the railway spur that led into the site, with the stream shown to pass underneath the main railway lines to the sites north. However, the on-site railway land use has not been operational since the 1960s (i.e. fifty years), and the area is heavily vegetated. This APC is considered to represent an overall Low risk to the adjacent watercourse, as any legacy contaminants are likely to be bound into the soil and be relatively immobile.

Direct contact Construction Materials (including utility supply pipes and concrete)

Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low The risk to construction materials will be driven by the presence and composition of any Made Ground associated with the former railway land/embankments. Visual assessment of the adjacent railway revealed black gravel fill, which, where present beneath the subject site, may exhibit acidic pH conditions and potentially elevated organic contamination.

Agricultural Field Areas Direct contact, ingestion or inhalation

End users Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low The western and eastern fields are indicated on the reviewed historical maps to have been utilised in this context since earliest available map publications. The eastern fields are annotated as a nursery in the 1970s, and an agricultural history is assumed for all of these fields.









Applications of pesticides can commonly be associated with historical farming practices, some of which may persist in the environment bound to soil particles (primarily associated with high organic content soils such as topsoil). However, the site was heavily colonised by knee-high grasses during our walkover, potentially suggesting that the field has been left fallow. Whilst no evidence of such activity was observed during our own site walkover, the previous Delta-Simons desk study report identified the potential for weed/crop control by burning activity. Ashy residues may therefore be present within the near surface soils that could potentially represent a human health risk following development.


Groundwater Low Likelihood Mild Low The majority of the field areas (with the exception of a band of sandstone in the sites east) are indicated to be underlain by typically cohesive Coal Measures strata; commonly comprising Mudstone weathering to Clay near surface. Such soils are anticipated to largely inhibit significant vertical migration of any soil contaminants within these areas. In addition, modern pesticides are regulated to ensure that persistent and environmentally damaging chemicals are not utilised, therefore the risk of pesticides is primarily associated with any remaining soil-bound component (therefore not readily leachable).


Surface Waters Low Likelihood Mild Low The Boundary Brook runs alongside the northwestern boundary of the site, and a surface water pond is located to the sites east. However, no significant potentially mobile contamination has been identified within the field areas that would represent a significant risk to surface water features.

Inhalation of fugitive dust

Neighbouring users Low Likelihood Mild Low Whilst potential contaminants have been identified associated with the agricultural field areas, these are considered not to represent a significant off-site receptor risk at this stage.



Unlikely Medium Low The risk of ground gases is primarily associated with the presence of any organic superficial drift deposits attributable to the Alluvium that is indicated running within the northwestern boundary of the site. The geological maps indicate only a partial encroachment into the site, and it is considered unlikely at this stage that these deposits extend to any significant thicknesses beneath the site area.

Vertical and lateral migration of contamination

Ecological receptors (primarily off-site)

Unlikely Mild Negligible No significant sources of potentially mobile contamination have been identified within the site areas adjacent to the LNR. No significant risk is therefore considered present associated with this potential C-P-R pathway linkage.









Bedrock Strata (Coal/Workings)



Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low The desk study works have not positively identified any historical coal workings within the subject site, although coal extraction via opencast methods is indicated in the sites general vicinity. The First Piper Coal Seam is indicated to outcrop across the site, which is identified by the Coal Authority as a viable seam for extraction, therefore the presence of unrecorded workings cannot be discounted at this stage.

Off-site Contamination Sources


End-users and building envelope

Low Likelihood Medium Moderate/Low The site lies within an area historically characterised by quarries and opencast workings, associated with either the sand and gravel extraction of the sandstone bedrock to the south, or by coal/lignite extraction from the Coal Measures to the north. These former pits and quarries are largely indicated to have been infilled, and therefore represent sources of potentially hazardous ground gases that could (under the right circumstances) migrate to adversely impact upon the site. It is noted that a large domestic landfill site is also present on the opposite side of Coventry Lane. The probability of this C-P-R linkage is described as Low, as the underlying geology would be anticipated to largely minimise lateral ground gas migration (due to the typically cohesive Mudstone strata associated with Coal Measures) and the adjacent Made Ground sources have largely been retained as open space (corresponding to the adjacent Local Nature Reserve and the Crematorium) which would drive vertical migration to the surface at the source locations rather than lateral migration beneath the site.

Vertical and lateral migration of soil contamination

End-users and building envelope (including supply pipes)

Unlikely Medium Low The adjacent industrial land uses are indicated to be situated within an area underlain by typically cohesive Mudstone strata, which is likely to minimise the potential for any off-site soil contamination to migrate to the site. Whilst potentially contaminative operations are applicable to activities such as upholstery manufacturers and a former timber yard, any contamination would be anticipated to be point sources (associated with tanks, treatment areas etc.), and would therefore primarily be a risk to the area immediately around the source.

The foregoing pCSM highlights the potential plausible pollutant linkages that may relate to the site. The information contained within the conceptual model should be confirmed and revised upon completion of an appropriate intrusive investigation.


6.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The following conclusions and recommendations are based on the findings of the desk study works only. Appropriate site-specific Phase II Exploratory Investigation works should be undertaken to confirm the findings of our desk study works.

6.1 Site Summary

• The majority of the site has remained undeveloped since earliest available historical map publications (circa 1880s), and is anticipated to have historically been utilised in an agricultural context (as both arable and pastoral land). The field areas currently comprise horse paddocks or roughly grassed fields (containing informal footpaths).

• A Depot is present in the north of the site, which was formerly occupied by a manufactory of ironfounder facings. The Depot contains a waste oil/liquid store, and a red diesel fuel dispenser was noted in this area (general good housekeeping practices were also observed). Previous ground investigation works undertaken by Delta-Simons identified the presence of elevated organic contamination within the Made Ground soils beneath the Depot.

• A railway line and embankment historically led to the south of the Depot, with part of the embankment seemingly having been retained in-situ based on the abrupt change in topography noted along the southern edge of the anticipated railway route.

• Alluvium is indicated partially encroaching into the northwest of the site, along the route of the adjacent Boundary Brook, which is classified as a Secondary A Aquifer.

• The bedrock beneath the site primarily comprises the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation, which typically comprises predominantly cohesive Mudstone soils, with interbedded sandstone and siltstone bands. One of these sandstone bands is shown to outcrop at the surface beyond the sandstone band in the east of the site. The First Piper Coal Seam is shown to outcrop at surface in the east of the site, and the Lenton Sandstone Formation is shown to locally encroach into the southern extent of the site. The Coal Measures strata are classified as a Secondary A Aquifer, with the Lenton Sandstone Formation comprising a Principal Aquifer.

• A fault line is indicated to run through the western part of the site on an approximate west-northwest to east-southeast orientation.

• The site lies within an area historically characterised by quarrying activities, either for sand and gravel extraction (to the sites south and southeast) or for the opencast extraction of coal (primarily to the west and north of the site). These quarries are largely indicated to have been infilled upon cessation of extraction operations, with the large quarry to the southeast forming an historical landfill site.

• The industrial land uses historically present around the site are relatively limited, albeit a timber yard and upholstery manufacturers are indicated to the immediate northeast of the site.

6.2 Geotechnical Considerations

6.2.1 Anticipated Ground Conditions

Made Ground may be anticipated in the northern part of the site; associated with the area of the existing Depot and the former railway embankment to the south of the Depot land. Beneath the area of the Depot, previous ground investigation works have proven the Made Ground to be up to 2.50m in thickness.


Superficial deposits comprising Alluvium are indicating in the northwest of the site, encroaching into the site along the route of the adjacent Boundary Brook. Whilst anticipated to be of limited thickness at this stage, alluvial deposits are typically of variable strength and may not be suitable for shallow foundations. The bedrock beneath the site is indicated to primarily comprise the Lower Coal Measures Formation, which is anticipated to comprise predominantly cohesive Mudstone strata in the western, central and far eastern site areas, with a band of sandstone indicated to outcrop through the central-eastern part of the site. The Lenton Sandstone Formation is indicated at the far southwestern extent of the site. The First Piper Coal Seam, which is shown to have been extracted by opencast methods to the sites north, is indicated to outcrop through the central-eastern part of the site, to the immediate east of the sandstone band. This coal seam is indicated by the Coal Authority to be a viable seam for extraction purposes. Other seams may be present beneath the First Piper, including the Second Piper and Hospital coal seams, however these may not have been mapped on the surface or may subcrop beneath the site.

6.2.2 Possible Foundation Options

Whilst no recorded mine workings are indicated beneath the site, unrecorded coal extraction may have occurred in the eastern part of the site, associated with the First Piper Coal Seam that outcrops in this area. The remainder of the site, whilst at a lower risk, will require limited investigation work to confirm the preliminary Conceptual Site Model. Future ground movement associated with the possible collapse of mine workings may represent a ground stability hazard to proposed dwellings across this area (subject to the findings of ground investigation works). If shallow mine workings are encountered beneath the site, it may be necessary to stabilise the workings (typically by the injection of grout or excavation if the workings are shallow). At this stage, it is not possible to provide definitive foundation designs, however based on current information it is likely that possible foundation options for the majority of the site may comprise strip/reinforced strip or trench fill, dependent on the findings of a detailed programme of ground investigation works. If low strength soils (potentially including any Alluvium) or deep Made Ground is encountered (proven to depths of up to 2.50m within the area of the Depot) it may be necessary to deepen foundations or adopt an alternative foundation solution locally (potentially including ground improvement or piles, for example). Foundations should not bear directly onto seams of Coal. Therefore, we would recommend that foundations are deepened through weak Coal where exposed in foundation excavations (potentially applicable to foundation excavations within the eastern area of the site), and within influencing depth of foundations. Plot specific trial pits may be required to confirm foundation depths where near surface Coal is present. We would also note the indicated presence of a fault line across the western part of the site (the indicative location of which is shown on the geological map sheets included in Appendix V and on Figure 3 in Section 3.2.4). Faults can lead to the presence of disturbed ground and uncemented strata around the vicinity of the fault (known as fault gouge), potentially resulting in reduced bearing pressures. The provision of appropriate reinforcement into shallow foundations may therefore need to be provided across the general area of the fault as a general precaution, or alternatively any visibly disturbed ground excavated and infilled with suitable geotechnical fill (such as stone). This may be investigated as part of intrusive works and further accomplished by the adoption of a watching brief by the groundworks Contractor; to identify any anomalous/potentially softened soils during the course of construction works.


6.2.3 Historical Mining

Desk based research identified the following key mining related risk issues at the site, in accordance with The Coal Authority document ‘Risk Based Approach to Development Management – Guidance for Developers’, Version 4 (2017):

• Possible surface working of Coal (associated with the First Piper coal seam) within the eastern area of the site and along the indicated outcrop of the coal seam. Where present, this could result in the presence of locally deep Made Ground and highwalls. Given the Coal Authority knowledge of unlicensed opencast excavations in the site’s immediate vicinity, any on-site workings are anticipated to correspond to smaller bell pits/excavations rather than large opencast scale workings.

• Possible unrecorded shallow underground coal mine workings. This is only considered a potential moderate risk in the far eastern area of the site, beyond the indicated outcrop of the First Piper Coal Seam. It is noted that the Coal Authority do not identify this area of the site as Probable Shallow Coal Mine Workings, albeit this descriptor is applied to the down-dip direction of the Deep Hard Coal Seam which is shown to outcrop approximately 15m to the sites east (which is shown to dip to the northeast, away from the site).

• It is also possible, although considered unlikely given the desk study information, that underground shallow coal workings are present within the central and western site areas. No economically viable coal seams have been identified across these areas of the site that could be present at shallow depth, albeit a nominal number of boreholes are recommended across this area to confirm this desk-based assessment.

• Possible mine gases (including Methane, Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulphide) associated with any underground mine workings and resulting deep Made Ground.

A summary of the possible risk items associated with coal mining issues is provided in Table 10, and a coal mining investigation risk zone plan is included in Appendix IX (Figure No. 39392/10).

TABLE 10 – SUMMARY OF SITE SECIFIC COAL MINING RISK ASSESSMENT

Potential Coal Mining Issue Risk

Risk Assessment Yes No

Mine entries

No coal mine entries are indicated on the site or within 20m of the site boundaries.

Shallow Coal workings (recorded) The Coal Authority reports commissioned for the site do not indicate the presence of any recorded coal workings on the site.

Shallow Coal workings (probable)

The Coal Authority reports do not indicate the presence of any probable shallow underground mine workings at the site. Shallow coal seams may still be present in the central and western site areas.

Workable Coal seam outcrops (and associated possible workings)

The First Piper Coal Seam outcrops in the east of the site, which is identified by the Coal Authority as being a potentially economically viable seam for extraction purposes (and appears to have been widely extracted by opencast methods to the sites north).

Mine gas sites and areas

No mine gas incident/remediation sites are identified on the site, or within 500m of the site. However, ground gas monitoring will be required at the site as part of both geo-environmental and shallow coal mining investigation works, which will provide further information on this particular coal mining related hazard.

Recorded Coal mining related hazards

The Coal Authority reports do not identify any specific recorded Coal mining related hazards at the site.

Geological features

The Coal Authority has not recorded the presence of any geological faults, fissures or breaklines at the site, or in the immediate vicinity of the site. However, the geological information has identified the presence of a fault running through the western part of the site. Given the geological setting of the site, this fault is considered not to represent a key coal mining related constraint.


TABLE 10 – SUMMARY OF SITE SECIFIC COAL MINING RISK ASSESSMENT

Potential Coal Mining Issue Risk

Risk Assessment Yes No

Former surface mining sites (i.e. opencast excavations)

No opencast activities are indicated to have occurred on the site, albeit known unlicensed opencast sites are present in close proximity to the sites western and northern boundaries (the latter seemingly having extracted the First Piper Coal Seam).

Based on the findings of our preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment, a phase of investigation works is recommended to further consider the potential for unrecorded historical shallow coal workings at the site.

6.2.4 Near Surface Coal

Near surface Coal may be encountered during redevelopment, particularly in the east of the site where the First Piper Coal Seam is indicated to outcrop at the surface. In order to mitigate the potential risk of subterranean fires in the near surface in-situ Coal beneath the site, we would recommend that a minimum 1m cover of non-combustible soils (i.e. inert Natural Strata) is maintained over the Coal to isolate the Coal from potential sources of ignition. The provision of a 1m non-combustible cover may necessitate the localised removal of Coal, and a Coal Authority permit (see Section 6.2.5) may be required in such instances. Care should be taken on site to avoid potential ignition sources (i.e. bonfires) where Coal is exposed at the surface.

Where service excavations encounter in-situ Coal, we would recommend that excavations are ‘overdug’ to a distance of 1m away from utilities, with this excavation replaced with non-combustible materials. This would serve to mitigate the transfer of heat from buried electricity cables, which have been known to cause subterranean fires. Similarly, where foundation excavations encounter Coal then the trenches should be deepened through the Coal seam to encounter competent Natural Strata, and any exposed coal protected (by blinding or provision of membrane liner etc.).

6.2.5 Coal Authority Permit Prior to any works intersecting or disturbing Coal Authority interests (which, for this site, corresponds to intrusive works/excavations into seams of coal) it will be necessary to obtain a site-specific permit for the ‘Permission to enter or disturb Coal Authority Mining Interests’ in accordance with Coal Authority requirements. Further information on the requirement for a Coal mining investigation permit is available at https://www.gov.uk/topic/coal/permits-licences. A permit will be required prior to the instigation of any ground investigation works within the site.

6.2.6 Water & Surface Water Drainage

The majority of the central and western parts of the site are indicated to be underlain by typically cohesive strata, corresponding to Mudstones of the Lower Coal Measures Formation. The ground within the western field area was locally noted to be boggy underfoot, with an open drainage ditch feature crossing the site at its approximate central point. It is noted that the western field falls in topographic elevation towards the south/southwest.

https://www.gov.uk/topic/coal/permits-licences


The environmental setting of the western part of the site is therefore likely to preclude the adoption of soakaway drainage for surface water disposal, and alternative drainage options for this area should therefore be considered. The central-eastern part of the site is indicated to be underlain by a sandstone band of the Lower Coal Measures Formation, which stretches through the site on an approximate northwest to southwest orientation (see Figure 3b within this report for details). Whilst sandstone typically represents a more permeable stratum for infiltration drainage purposes, the rate of infiltration is in part dependent on the fines content of the material and the weathered state of the material. It is noted that the Depot area is indicated to be primarily underlain by the Sandstone strata, with previous works within this area (by others) revealing the presence of weathered sandstone consisting of silty sand and gravels. The weathered state of the soils is potentially favourable for soakaway drainage, albeit the silt content of the material may significantly hinder the effective infiltration potential. The presence of (locally deep) Made Ground within the Depot area may also affect the feasibility of soakaway drainage in this area, as would the presence of shallow groundwater (noting the presence of a well historically indicated in the north if the site and the termination of all previous boreholes at depths of 3m). The eastern site area is considered unlikely to be suitable for soakaway drainage, due to the indicated presence of typically cohesive Mudstone soils, the coal seam outcrop and potential for shallow coal seams/workings in this area, and the indicated presence of a large pond to the sites east (potentially comprising a surface water attenuation pond due to poor infiltration or potentially indicative of shallow groundwater). At this stage, we would recommend that alternative forms of surface water disposal are investigated for design purposes for the entirety of the site, albeit Phase II Exploratory Investigation works will inform further decisions with respect to this aspect, and targeted soakaway testing may be undertaken in due course if further consideration of the drainage strategy is required.

6.2.7 Pavement Design

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values typically <2% may be anticipated within Made Ground materials, however higher values may be revealed by in-situ testing within the Depot area; should the Made Ground have been historically geotechnically improved to facilitate storage of site plant etc. The presence of typically cohesive Mudstones across the majority of the site (anticipated to weather to a Clay soil near surface), are anticipated to provide indicative CBR values in the range of <2 to 5%, dependant on the soil moisture content, depth of groundwater and weathered state of the material (subject to in-situ testing, ideally following sewers construction). Potentially higher CBR values may be associated with the presence of the Sandstone band in the central-eastern part of the site, however this will be dependant upon the weathered state of the material. We would recommend that an appropriate scope of in-situ testing is undertaken in due course, in order to inform the design of pavements and roads etc. at the appropriate juncture of the proposed development.


6.3 Environmental Considerations 6.3.1 Contaminants of Potential Concern (CoPC)

The Phase I Desk Study has identified the following key contaminants that may potentially be present at the site, with several of the listed potential contaminants associated with specific Areas of Potential Concern within the wider site (see Table 8 in Section 5.6 for specific details):

• Metals and metalloids.

• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

• Hydrocarbons (fuel/oil).

• Organic compounds (including solvents, lubricants etc.)

• Pesticides.

• Herbicides.

• Acid/Sulphate contaminated soils.

• Asbestos.

• Potentially hazardous ground gases (including methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide).

The foregoing potential contaminants should form the basis of an assessment for Human Health and Controlled Waters as part of a suitable scope of Phase II Exploratory Investigation works at the site. It is noted that elevated concentrations (albeit remaining unquantified) of hydrocarbons and PAHs were identified by others as part of a previous ground investigation within the area of the existing Depot facility. It is noted that off-site potential contamination sources include potentially hazardous ground gases, metals (both of which are included in the on-site risk drivers) and wood treatment agents (such as creosote; associated with a former timber yard adjacent to the northeast of the site).

6.3.2 Ground Gas & Radon

The site does not lie within an area requiring radon protection in new buildings, based on the information contained in the Landmark Envirocheck report. A programme of ground gas monitoring is currently recommended across the site, based on the presence of locally deep Made Ground in the north of the site, the presence of a coal seam outcrop and the potential for unrecorded shallow workings in the east of the site, and the presence of infilled quarries/landfills in the general vicinity of the site (including immediately adjacent to the sites south). It is noted that a single round of monitoring (as reported within the information presently available) undertaken by others as part of a previous phases of monitoring identified ground gas concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide up to 8.2% (by volume). The specific ground gas that this concentration corresponds to is not provided, nor is any details of flow rates against which an initial Characteristic Situation could be derived (in accordance with BS8485:2015+A1:2019). The completion of a robust ground gas risk assessment will enable a more informed decision with respect to ground gas precautions to new dwellings to be provided.


6.3.3 Flood Risk

The site is not indicated to be located within an area at risk of flooding from rivers or seas without defences. However, the Landmark report identifies the western extent of the site (primarily corresponding to the area of mapped Alluvium) and a small area at the northeastern tip of the site, to be potentially susceptible to surface water flooding. The majority of the site is also indicated to be situated within an area with the potential for groundwater flooding to occur at the surface (potentially associated with areas where more permeable granular strata intersect less permeable cohesive strata, or due to the presence of shallow groundwater levels). A suitable scope of Phase II Exploratory Investigation works will provide additional information on this potential issue, and such information may be required prior to acquiring the advice of a Drainage Consultant or Flood Risk Consultant.

6.3.4 Environmental Risk Assessment

The desk study works have identified potential on-site pollutant linkages attributable to each of the identified Areas of Potential Concern (APCs) associated with the site. The risk levels for each APC have been identified as the following:

• Depot Area – Moderate/Low to Moderate

• Railway Lane – Low to Moderate

• Agricultural Field Areas and Bedrock Strata – Low to Moderate/Low The key risk drivers are therefore associated with the primary anthropogenic land uses identified within the northern area of the site, albeit investigation works will also be required to refine understanding of the wider site area. However, based on the preliminary CSM, there are considered to be no specific environmental issues that would represent a significant barrier to the potential development of the site; following the implementation of any necessary remedial measures. It is noted that geotechnical issues have not been included within this Section, and geotechnical considerations should also be provided during the design of the scope of Phase II Exploratory Investigation works. Appropriate intrusive investigation works should therefore be undertaken to clarify and confirm the risk designations detailed herein, and to assist in the discharge of any contaminated land conditions attached to the planning permission for the development.

6.4 Recommended Phase II Exploratory Investigation Works

Proposed Phase II Exploratory Works should be sufficient to investigate the possible issues raised in the Phase I Desk Study and preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment and should be undertaken in general accordance with current industry good practice. At this stage, an appropriate phase of exploratory investigation works may comprise the following:


• A series of exploratory holes across the site to investigate the near surface ground conditions for a geo-environmental assessment of the site.

• Undertake a programme of ground gas monitoring to inform ground gas risks at the site and enable a detailed ground gas risk assessment to be undertaken.

• Appropriate geotechnical and environmental soil analyses.

• Coal mining investigation works including a programme of rotary percussive boreholes and trial trenching to investigate the depth, thickness and worked state of the First Piper Coal Seam indicated to outcrop in the eastern part of the site. Prior to Coal mining investigation works it will be necessary to obtain a permit to enter or disturb Coal Authority Mining Interests (i.e. Coal seams). A reduced density of deep boreholes should be advanced across the remainder of the site in order to confirm the preliminary Conceptual Site Model (pCSM) and preliminary Coal Mining Risk Assessment (pCMRA).

• Revision of the pCSM and pCMRA and production of a Phase II Ground Investigation report.

Dependent on the findings of the foregoing works or the requirements of the Client / design team or regulatory authorities, further risk assessment, investigation or remediation works may ultimately be necessary.

6.5 Statutory Consultation

In accordance with normal planning requirements, we would recommend that a copy of our report is issued by the Client to the Local Authority (and NHBC or other Warranty Provider, if necessary) for review/comment and approval prior to commencing with the development of the site, with any specific comments or requirements integrated into the scope of future Phase II Exploratory Investigation works.

APPENDIX I

Site Location Plan (Figure No. 39392/01)

N

Approximate Site Location

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Map with the Permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Crown Copyright Reserved. Licence No. LAN1001274.

© This drawing and the details depicted are the copyright of GeoDyne Limited and may not be reproduced except by written permission

Drawn By

Checked By

Approved By

Scale

Date Drawn

Revision

Figure No.

Project No.

Client

Project

Title

Derby 01332 290 798

[email protected]

Nottingham 0115 962 0001

Warrington 01925 661739

www.geodyne.co.uk39392/01

17/01/2020

NTS

JPH

DH

ACH

Site Location Plan

Coventry Lane, Bramcote

Peter James Homes Limited

39392

APPENDIX II

Annotated Site Plan (Figure No. 39392/02)

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tationery

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wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

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LA

N1001274.

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wn B

y

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ved B

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Scale

Date

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Title

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2

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020

NT

S

JP

H

DH

AC

H

Annota

ted S

ite P

lan

Coventr

y L

ane,

Bra

mcote

Pete

r Jam

es H

om

es L

imited

39392

Phone M

ast

Enclo

sure

Heavily

Overg

row

n A

rea w

ith a

n I

nfo

rmal F

ootp

ath

Waste

Oil

/ F

uel S

tora

ge A

rea

Depot

Build

ing (

Gara

ge &

Sto

re)

Pla

nt

Sto

rage A

rea

McC

ann T

rain

ing F

acili

ty

Access G

ate

to D

epot

Farm

Gra

ssed F

ield

Gas U

tilit

y B

ox

Pond

Coventry Lane

Row

of

Matu

re C

onifers

Sta

ble

s

Macadam

Surf

aced

Tra

ck

(Sid

ings L

ane)

Gra

ssed H

ors

e

Paddocks

Gra

ssed H

ors

e

Paddocks

Roughly

Gra

ssed

Fie

ld

Bra

mcote

Cre

mato

rium

Wooden G

ate

Rais

ed E

mbankm

ent

(Heavily

Vegeta

ted)

Are

a F

ull

of

Scru

b

and T

rees

Vegeta

ted U

neven G

round (

Form

er

Quarr

y)

Wooded

Are

a

Gra

ssed F

ield

(Agricultura

l)

Boundary

Bro

ok

Surf

ace W

ate

r D

rain

(Locally

with O

chre

Colo

ure

d S

edim

ent)

Roughly

Gra

ssed F

ield

Roughly

Gra

ssed F

ield

(Slo

pin

g T

ow

ard

s t

he S

outh

)

Bla

ck G

ravelly

Soil

in R

ailw

ay E

mbankm

ent

Slo

pe d

ow

n t

o s

outh

(Circa 2

m)

Conta

iners

&

Sto

rage

Park

ing A

rea

Boundaries N

ot

Defined

on t

he G

round

Hedgero

w

APPENDIX III

Plans Showing General Views of Site (Figure Nos. 39392/03 to 39392/09)

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of

the C

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Maje

sty

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tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

Scale

Date

Dra

wn

Revis

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Fig

ure

No.

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Pro

ject

Title

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info

@geodyne.c

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ingto

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H

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Site

Pla

n a

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Ge

ne

ral V

iew

s o

f S

ite

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Bra

mco

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Pete

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es H

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imited

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win

g b

ased o

n E

nvirocheck P

lan D

ate

d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

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dra

win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

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opyright

of

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e Li

mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

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n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

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ved B

y

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Date

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wn

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ion

Fig

ure

No.

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ject

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ject

Title

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90 7

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info

@geodyne.c

o.u

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0115 9

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4

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S

JP

H

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H

Site

Pla

n a

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Ge

ne

ral V

iew

s o

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ite

Co

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an

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Bra

mco

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Pete

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es H

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imited

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win

g b

ased o

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nvirocheck P

lan D

ate

d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

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dra

win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

re t

he c

opyright

of

Geo

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e Li

mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

issio

n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

Scale

Date

Dra

wn

Revis

ion

Fig

ure

No.

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ject

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Clie

nt

Pro

ject

Title

Derb

y

01332 2

90 7

98

info

@geodyne.c

o.u

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0115 9

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ingto

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NT

S

JP

H

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H

Site

Pla

n a

nd

Ge

ne

ral V

iew

s o

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ite

Co

ve

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an

e,

Bra

mco

te

Pete

r Jam

es H

om

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imited

39392

Dra

win

g b

ased o

n E

nvirocheck P

lan D

ate

d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

his

dra

win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

re t

he c

opyright

of

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mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

issio

n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

Scale

Date

Dra

wn

Revis

ion

Fig

ure

No.

Pro

ject

No.

Clie

nt

Pro

ject

Title

Derb

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01332 2

90 7

98

info

@geodyne.c

o.u

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Nottin

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0115 9

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ingto

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01925 6

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w.g

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39392/0

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17/0

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NT

S

JP

H

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H

Site

Pla

n a

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Ge

ne

ral V

iew

s o

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ite

Co

ve

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an

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Bra

mco

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Pete

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es H

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imited

39392

Dra

win

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ased o

n E

nvirocheck P

lan D

ate

d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

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dra

win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

re t

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of

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mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

issio

n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

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Date

Dra

wn

Revis

ion

Fig

ure

No.

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ject

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Clie

nt

Pro

ject

Title

Derb

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01332 2

90 7

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info

@geodyne.c

o.u

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0115 9

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S

JP

H

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H

Site

Pla

n a

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Ge

ne

ral V

iew

s o

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ite

Co

ve

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Bra

mco

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Pete

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imited

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win

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lan D

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d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

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win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

re t

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of

Geo

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mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

issio

n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

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Date

Dra

wn

Revis

ion

Fig

ure

No.

Pro

ject

No.

Clie

nt

Pro

ject

Title

Derb

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01332 2

90 7

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@geodyne.c

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Nottin

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0115 9

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ingto

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H

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H

Site

Pla

n a

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Ge

ne

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s o

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ite

Co

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mco

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es H

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Dra

win

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nvirocheck P

lan D

ate

d:

Jan 2

020

N

© T

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dra

win

g a

nd t

he d

eta

ils d

epic

ted a

re t

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of

Geo

Dyn

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mite

d and m

ay n

ot

be r

epro

duced e

xcept

by w

ritten

perm

issio

n.

Repro

duced f

rom

the O

rdnance S

urv

ey M

ap w

ith t

he P

erm

issio

n

of

the C

ontr

olle

r of

Her

Maje

sty

's S

tationery

Offic

e.

Cro

wn

Copyright

Reserv

ed.

Lic

ence N

o.

LA

N1001274.

Dra

wn B

y

Checked B

y

Appro

ved B

y

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Date

Dra

wn

Revis

ion

Fig

ure

No.

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ject

No.

Clie

nt

Pro

ject

Title

Derb

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01332 2

90 7

98

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@geodyne.c

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0115 9

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H

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Site

Pla

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Ge

ne

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s o

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ite

Co

ve

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es H

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39392

Dra

win

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lan D

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d:

Jan 2

020

phase i geo-environmental desk study & preliminary coal

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