Ph. Tere Garduño RubioPh. Tere Garduño Rubio

July 2014.RIDEF - Italia

Children’s Rights in México and Latin AméricaChildren’s Rights in México and Latin América

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

(1990-2000)• Reduced child mortality• Erradicate diseases, like Polio • Near elimination of newborn tetanus• Increase in the registration in elementary

schools.

Convention on the rights of the child.Convention on the rights of the child.

Signed by all the countries, and incorporated to national legislation….

Poor nutrition and mal nutrition, illiteracy, promiscuity, abuse, diseases and high mortality (7 times higther than in the U.S. and Canadá).Poor nutrition and mal nutrition, illiteracy, promiscuity, abuse, diseases and high mortality (7 times higther than in the U.S. and Canadá).

But…few presents in Public Politics

The demografic projections of the CELADE (Latinoamerican and Caribean Center of Demography) estabished that in the region the total population for the 2009 was:

Half of them in Brasil and

Mexico

Born Every day more

than 30 000 children are

born

565 millions

That means that in Latin América there are 190 million boys, girls and adolescents.

36 millons are in groups

betwen the 0 and 5 years

old

Poverty is higher in the homes that have more girls, boys and adolescents than in the homes where there are more adults

Poverty is higher in the homes that have more girls, boys and adolescents than in the homes where there are more adults

While in the foreign exchange markets of the world each day $1.5 billion of dollars are exchanged

More than 600 million are children.More than 600 million are children.

Infantilization of poverty

More than 1,200 million people in the world live on less than one dollar a day

The stability of the family structure in its traditional form, was seriously disrupted in recent decades due to the departure of the majority of its members to look for a job.

Also the urban circles of margination have expanded

In Latin America 70% of the population lives in the cities because of the regional migrations from rural areas.

The reduction of the state goverment and transference of the economcs way to going to the private sector and had many thinks and short estate in the important social cost.

Consecuences directs about the childs, adolescent and the family

Increase employed Increase employed

Reduce the social beneficts

Reduce the social beneficts

Kind of live are Deteriore

Kind of live are Deteriore

Seduction for the narcotrafic and the organization crime

Procesos de modernización de los Estados latinoamericanos desde 1990

It is governed under the provisions and principles

International Instrument Legally binds the range of human rights, civil, economic, politics and

social rights.

International Instrument Legally binds the range of human rights, civil, economic, politics and

social rights.

Contributes to solving the basic needs of children and expand their opportunities.

Series of standards and obligations accepted by all. That basic norms —called too human rights— they establish rights and minimum freedoms which Governments must comply.

It based on:

Respect Respect

Dignity Dignity

Human value Human value

independently of race, colour,

feminine/masculine gender, language, religion, opinion,

economical status or capacities

Index of mexican childhoodIndex of mexican childhood

In 2010, 21.4 millions of children, es decir 53.8% to the population less than 18 years, it have in poverty, front of 46.2% adult population. That means the poverty is still more in the familys who lives children.To the children in poverty 5.1 millions (12.8%) are in extrem poverty.

In 2010, 21.4 millions of children, es decir 53.8% to the population less than 18 years, it have in poverty, front of 46.2% adult population. That means the poverty is still more in the familys who lives children.To the children in poverty 5.1 millions (12.8%) are in extrem poverty.

The situation of Mexico in 2010The situation of Mexico in 2010

The girls, boys and teen ages population betwin 0 and 17 years old are 39.2 millions , that represent the 35.2%

19,351,565(49.3%)

19,875,179(50.7%)

Shown in these indicators lower in the fulfillment of their rights.

children less the 5 years old, have several and cronic mal nutrition in the actuality (short), allmost 1.5 millions

Nutritional situation

Rural population The cronic malnutrition less 5 years in homes La prevalencia de desnutrición crónica para menores de 5 años en hogares indígenas es de 33.1%, mientras que en hogares no indígenas es de 11.7%.

Poverty and extrem poverty for regions in México (2012).

Poverty and extrem poverty for regions in México (2012).

Number of deaths from malnutrition in each federative entity

Number of deaths from malnutrition in each federative entity

Educational coverage In agreement

to::

More than 6 million girls and

children between 3 and 17 years are out of the school.

More than 6 million girls and

children between 3 and 17 years are out of the school.

In communities indigenous to the

conditions of the south-east this rate even

remains high.

Children mortality Children mortality

1990 - 2012

39.2 to 13.2 for every thousand

born alive.

Guerrero18.3

Chiapas18.1

Oaxaca16.9

for every thousand born alive.

1990 - 2011

47 to 16 por for every thousand

born alive.

The infancy violenceThe infancy violence

In Mexico, two third parts of the girls, children and teenagers of

schools of basic education in the country expressed to have received at least a physical aggression during

the last two years

In Mexico, two third parts of the girls, children and teenagers of

schools of basic education in the country expressed to have received at least a physical aggression during

the last two yearsBetween 55 and 62 % of the teenagers they

suffered mistreatment in some moment.

Up to the moment have not been published the official numbers of the number of girls, Up to the moment have not been published the official numbers of the number of girls, children and teenagers who have died in the context of the combat against and between the children and teenagers who have died in the context of the combat against and between the

organized crime, but different estimations of organizations of the civil society calculate organized crime, but different estimations of organizations of the civil society calculate between 1,000 and 1,300 between December, 2006 and July, 2011.between 1,000 and 1,300 between December, 2006 and July, 2011.

Violence caused by the crime organized Violence caused by the crime organized

The children and teenagers have been impressed by the increase of the violence caused by the crime organized in the country and by the operations for his combat.

1.6 To 3.9 for every 100,000 citizen*

2011 2011

De 8.2 to 15.82.16 *.

17.2 %

Killing of women

The work of the children The work of the children

Fuente: INEGI, 2009

Whole of children and

teenagers than work 3 millones

in 2011.

900,000 children

between 5 and 13 years.

39.1 % is not present at the school (1.2 million children).39.1 % is not present at the school (1.2 million children). 72.3 % 27.7 %

The migration of de childrenThe migration of de children

The migration of the infantile population is not an event that one gives with base in an

individual decision, the migratory movements of this one regularmente are

realized in a familiar context, and in a comparatively minor quantity to that of the

adults.

1.1 millons of the people, or the 5.3% are less than of 15 years old (in the moment of the

migration).

Explotation Human trade

Vitimas of the delinquency

Migration

“Terror in the border”“Terror in the border”Voice of the migrant childrenJeycer is 16 years old and a clear

aim: to come to The United States and to think his mother that it lives there for twelve, when it left his children in Honduras looking for a better future.

He had 4 years, his brother Jonathan, who accompanies it in the trip, had 3. Almost they do not remember it. " I do not even remember myself of when it left me. For Internet I look at her and connect to Facebook, but I cannot touch it ", it tells Efe for telephone.A few days ago, account, he

spoke with one of the mothers in route that it was bringing tiny children. " I asked him why it was bringing them and he said to me that already they him had killed both major ones and it were not going to remain that they were killing to those that he still had ".

6,330 children deported from January to May, 2014 (in 2013 they were 8,577 and in 2012 2012, 5,966).

National Institute of Migration (NIM)

To know how much and how is invested in the infancy is a tool key to achieve that the fulfillment of the rights of the childhood and the adolescence is a daily reality.

What does happen with the infancy in relation to the public investment?

What does happen with the infancy in relation to the public investment?

UNICEF Mexico destined $18,279,818.24, that is to say, 24% of the resources for the

generation of information and knowledge on the level of

fulfillment of the rights of the children in the country.

To create an Integral System of Guarantee of Laws of Children, Girls and Teenagers.

To anticipate, to attend and to sanction really all the forms of violence against the children,

girls and teenagers.

To guarantee that 100 % of the babies newborn children have

his birth certificate before expiring one year, and to

achieve that all the children and girls between one and five years

are registered.

To implement the Federal System of Justice for

Teenagers.

To elaborate in all the conditions laws as for

provision of services for attention, care and integral

infantile development.

Some points about infancy in Mexico. Some points about infancy in Mexico.

Some points about infancy in Mexico. Some points about infancy in Mexico.

To lower to the half the pregnancies in teenagers

from 12 to 17 years.

To reduce in 20 % the rate of infant mortality (TMI) and of 5 year old minors (TM <5) in

the conditions where the major number of deaths

centers.

To establish a strategy of educational incorporation

to federal, state and municipal level that detects the children and teenagers

out of the school, his permanency incorporates

and guarantees them.

To reduce in 50 % the rate of school desertion in the high school, as well as the

nonattendance in the same educational level to less

than 10% of the teenagers from 15 to 17 years.

How do you do?How do you do?

For the respect of the rigths of de children… •… at your house?•… at your school?•… in your comiunity?•… in your region?•… in your contry?•… in your continent?•… in the word?