Benefits of harmonized regulations for placing in service of railway equipment

- European experiences

Peter Mihm

Head of Technical Cooperation

• General presentation

• Railway Safety

• Interoperability

• ERTMS

• Improve competitiveness of rail with other modes in order to increase the market share of the most environment-friendly mode of transport

• Spend public money more efficiently on public rail transport services

• Encourage market entry by reducing administrative and technical barriers

• Open domestic rail passenger transport to competition

• Encourage market entry and ensure non – discrimination through a better governance of the infrastructure

EU transport policy for railways

Slide 2

Mission of the European Agency for Railways (the Agency)

MAKING THE RAILWAY SYSTEM WORK BETTER FOR SOCIETY

The objective of the Agency is to contribute, on technical matters, to the implementation of the European Union legislation aimed at improving the competitive position of the railway sector by:

• Enhancing the level of interoperability of railway systems

• Developing a common approach to safety on the European railway system,

• Contributing to creating a Single European Railway Area without frontiers, guaranteeing a high level of safety

• level of safetyThe "4th Railway Package" will transform the Agency from a consultative body to an Authority capable of issuing Safety Certifications, Vehicle Authorisations, and of approving technical solutions for ERTMS trackside tenders (by 2019)

“make itwork”

Slide 5

A time line of EU railway regulation

European Commission’s White paper

A strategy for revitalising the Community's railways

Rail infrastructure package

› levying of charges for the use of railway infrastructure

› licensing of railway undertakings

Second railway package

› Interoperability and Safety Directives

› Establishment of ERA

Third railway package

› Access rights rail freight service from 2007

› Opening of the international passenger transport service market from 2010

› Interoperability Directive extended to the whole EU Network

› “entity in charge of maintenance” (ECM)

2001

2001

2004

2007

2008

Fourth railway package

› Recast of all major railway Directives

› Single EU wide vehicle authorisation and certification2016

Slide 7

Some Success Examples in 10 Years ERA

• All TSIs and CSMs delivered (in time)

• 16.000 national rules collected, now stringent rules reduction programme

• Tail lamp/sign types reduced down to 2 in TSI Operation(250.000 down to 70.000 train border stops)

• Acceptable type of pantographs reduced from 5 to 2(3)in TSI Energy

• Fire extinguisher types reduced from 25 to 1

Slide 8

Reduction of authorisation costs

7

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2013 2020

One Stop Shop

TSI Scope Extension

TSI Open points

Cross Acceptance

Process harmonisation

Cost

Savings

• RAILWAY SAFETY

Strong Regulatory Safety Culture

Understanding and sharing the main objectives

Proactively taking

responsibility

Strong and trusted

relationships

Communication that works to

resolve problems

Sharing faults and problems –

even with competitors and

regulators

Going beyond blame, to

improvement and best practice

Safety Structures

10

• Permissioning scheme for equipment

• Permissioning scheme for safety management systems

• Maintenance scheme for rolling stock (incl. ECMs)

• Independent Supervision (NSAs)

• Independent Accident Investigation (NIBs)

• Independent Assessment Bodies (CSM Risk Assessment)

• Defined responsibilities in law (cannot subcontract responsibility)

• Where there is a need for a Common Approach – “Common Safety Methods”

• Monitoring at a European Level (Commission & Agency) including CSIs and CSTs (NRVs)

Independent accident investigation body

• The objective is prevention of accidents and possible improvement of railway safety

• The investigation body shall investigate serious accidents and might investigation in addition also those accidents and incidents which under slightly different conditions might have let to serious accidents.

• The investigation body shall, at its discretion, decide whether or not an investigation of such an accident or incident shall be undertaken. In its decision it shall take into account:

• (a) the seriousness of the accident or incident• (b) whether it forms part of a series of accidents or

incidents relevant to the system as a whole;• (c) its impact on railway safety and• (d) requests from infrastructure manager, railway

undertakings, safety authority

Benefits of a Common Occurrence Reporting system

• Wider, more robust, data sets and info sources for decision-making

• Essential to plan-do-check-act, SMS and system approach to safety (continual improvement)

• Provide and support an international tool to support international obligations (all EU transport modes have one)

• Harmonized data drives harmonized (regulatory) decision-making

• Support development or improvement of company reporting systems and Just Culture

• INTEROPERABILITY

European Standards (EN)

TechnicalSpecifications for Interoperability

(TSI)

Interop.

Directives

Essential requirements

Subsystemsand Interoperability

Constituents

Hierarchical pyramide of régulations

Presumption ofConformity

Mandatory

Voluntary

TSIs generation 2012-2015 (whole EU Railway system)

Subsystems

Energy

Signalling

Accessibility

Tunnels

Transversal

Infrastructure

Locos and

coachesWagons

NoiseTelematics

forfreight

Telematics for

passengers

Operation

• ERTMS

ERTMS – the backbone for digital rail

Organizational capabilities

• Contract service management

• Maintenance

• Human resources

Technological infrastructure

• Level 2 – centralized control centers

• Safe architectures

• Communication Infrastructure

Connected Railway – software-enabled evolution

• Modular architecture

• Meet challenges ahead: Security, Digitalization, Innovation in competing transport

Evolution of radio system – threat or opportunity

ERA investigates the current and future needs

GSM-R will be in operation up to 2030 and beyond.• The system is very stable, packet switching for ETCS is introduced, interferences can be managed • Does this situation create long term stability or does this block innovation and/or cost reduction?

ERA leads the coordination forum with users and contributors (UIC, ETSI, UNISIG, S2R)

Definition of successor, introduction and migration has to be planned.• Functionality, performance, technology, radio spectrum• Potential migration scenarios and the economic impact • Deliverables and resources have to be planned

The main challenges:• Is additional radio spectrum needed and can it be made available• What technology can offer sustainability and flexibility • What is the optimal migration scenario and window

ERA to define solutions and recommendations to legislator and Stakeholders

Slide 19