pesticide residues surveillance in food
TRANSCRIPT
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PESTICIDE RESIDUESSURVEILLANCE IN FOOD
SPECIAL COUNTRY REPORT
24TH THAILAND-MALAYSIA BORDER HEALTH
GOODWILL COMMITTEE MEETING 2011
Presented By: Ong Jean Ling
Senior Assistant Director, Food Safety & Quality Division
Kedah State Health Department
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OBJECTIVE OF THIS PRESENTATION
To provide an overview of the agencies, legislations
and activities involved in the surveillance andmonitoring of pesticides residues in food in
Malaysia.
To share the outcome of the pesticide residuemonitoring program in year 2010 for domestic
market and imported food in the state of Perlis,
Kedah, Perak and Kelantan.
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PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD Pesticide residues finds its way into food in a variety
of methods during food production. They may be used by farmers to control the growth
of weeds, or prevent crop damage by insects,
ro ents an mo s. ey may e use on oo cropsafter harvest to prolong their storage life.
Pesticides may also be used on animal farms tocontrol insect pests. Sometimes, small amounts ofpesticides used in these ways can be found in or onfoods.
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING
ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA
Pesticide residue monitoring activities in Malaysia
involves multiple agencies, with Department ofAgriculture (DOA) under the Ministry of Agriculture and
Agro-based Industries (MOA) ensuring Good
gr cu ura rac ce a e arms an n s ry oHealth (MOH) enforcing food safety at the point of
sale.
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PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING
ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA
Regulation and enforcement of the Pesticide Act 1974
comes under the Pesticide Board Malaysia, whichrequires that all pesticides must be registered with the
board before it can be imported or manufactured for
use n a ays a. Ministry of Health has been given the mandate to
ensure the safety of food sold in the country under the
Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985.
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LEGISLATION FRAMEWORK Legislations enacted to control various aspect of
pesticide application in crops and food productsare: The Pesticide Act 1974, which is the principle
egis ation or contro o pestici es in a aysia. t isbeing implemented by the Pesticide Board of Malaysiawhich comprises various heads of government agencies.
The Food Act 1983 of which Sixteenth Schedule of its
Food Regulations 1985 prescribe the maximum residuelevels (MRL) of pesticide in food.
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THE PESTICIDES ACT 1974 Subsidiary Legislation being enforced:
i. Pesticides (Registration) Rules 1976ii. Pesticides (Importation for Research & Education
Purposes) Rules 1981 (Amendment 1987).
iv. Pesticides (Licensing For Sale and Storage ForSale) Rules 1988
v. Pesticides (Highly Toxic Pesticides) Regulation
1996, (Amendment 2004)vi. Pesticides (Advertisements) Regulation 1996vii. Pesticides (Pest Control Operators) Rule 2004
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THE PESTICIDES BOARD OF MALAYSIA
Pesticide Control Division, under the Department of
Agriculture (DOA), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries (MOA) serves as the secretariat tothe Pesticides Board of Malaysia.
Pesticide Act 1974.
The main activities carried out by the Division areregistration of pesticide products, licensing of
premises, controlling advertisement, issuing importpermits for research purposes, regulating the labelsand enforcement of the act.
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PESTICIDE REGISTRATION A new pesticide has to be registered with the
Pesticide Board of Malaysia before it can beimported or manufactured for use in Malaysia.
Ob ective of re istration is to ensure that esticides
imported, manufactured, processed, sold and usedare of good quality, effective for their intended use
and do not cause detrimental effect on human
beings, animals, plants, fruits or properties.
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FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY DIVISION,
MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA
Main Objective
To protect the public against food related hazards aswell as to motivate and promote the preparation,handling, distribution, sale and consumption of safe andquality food.
The main activities carried out by the Division areenforcement of the Food Act 1983, monitoring andresearch, consumer education, promoting of food safetyto the industry and participation in regional and
international bodies, agencies and organizations toensure the needs of a competitive global market aremet.
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DEFINITION OF PESTICIDE UNDER
FOOD ACT 1983
Under sub-regulation (1), Regulation 41 of Food
Regulations 1985, pesticides residue is defined asa) any preparation used, or capable or purporting to be
capable of being used, for preventing the attack of or fordestroying
i. fungi or other parasitic plants or bacteria that affect or attackplants, fruits, grains, animals or property;
ii. insects or other pest that affect or attack plants, animals orproperty;
iii. noxious animals or noxious birds, oriv. weeds or other noxious plants and
b) any substance purporting to be pesticide.
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PROVISIONS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN FOOD UNDER FOOD ACT 1983
Sub-regulation (2), Regulation 41 of Food
Regulations 1985 states that no person shallexpose, cause or permit to be exposed, any food,
excluding water, in the course of its preparation,
storage, packaging, delivery, importation orexposure for sale, to any pesticide, where such
exposure will result in a residue on or in food that is
greater than the amount as set out in the SixteenthSchedule.
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PROVISIONS FOR PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN FOOD UNDER FOOD ACT 1983
Sub-regulation (3), Regulation 41 of Food
Regulations 1985 states that no person shallimport, prepare for sale or sell any fooda) containing pesticide residue in a proportion greater than
the proportion specified for that food in relation to thatpestici e resi ue as set out in t e ixteent c e u e;
b) containing pesticide residue in a proportion greater than theproportion specified for that food in relation to that pesticideresidue as recommended in the Codex Alimentarius, where thepesticide is not specified in the Sixteenth Schedule; or
c) containing more than 0.01 milligram per kilogram ofany pesticide residue, where the pesticide is not specified forthat food in the Sixteenth Schedule or Codex Alimentarius
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LIST OF PESTICIDE UNDER SIXTEENTH
SCHEDULE OF FOOD REGULATIONS 1985 2,4-D
Abamctin
Acephate Acetamiprid
Alachlor
Ametryn
Amitraz
BPMC
Bromacil
Bromopropylate
Buprofezin
Butocarboxim
Cadusafos
Captan
Chlorpyrifod
Cinosulforon
Clethodim Coumaphos
Cyclosulfamuron
Cyfluthrin
Cyhalothrin
Difenoconazole
Diflubenzuron
Dimethoate
Dimethomorph
Dithiocarbamates
Diuron
DSMA
Fenpyroximate
Fenthion
Fenvalerate
Fipronil
Fluazifop-butyl
Flufenacet
Flufenixuron
Anilofos
Atrazine
Azadirachtin
Azoxystrobin
Bendiocarb
Benomyl
Bensulfuron-methyl
Bentazone
Bispyribac sodium
Bitertanol
Car ary
Carbendazim
Barbofuran
Carbosulfan
Cartap
Chinomethional
Chlorfenapyr Chlorfluzuron
Chlorimuron ethyl
Chlorothanil
Cymoxanil
Cypermethrin
Cyproconazole
Cyromazine
Deltamethrin
Diafenthiuron
Diazinon
Dicamba
Dichlovos
Dicofol
Emamectin enzoate
Endisulfan
EPTC
Ethixysulfuron
Etofenprox
Famaxadone
Fenapiphos Fenitrothion
Fenoxapro-p-ethyl
Fenoxycarb
F uroxypyr
Flutolanil
Formetanate hydrochloride
Formothion
Fosetyl aluminium
Furathiocarb
Glufosinate amonium Glyphosate
Hexaconazole
Hexazinox
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LIST OF PESTICIDE UNDER SIXTEENTH
SCHEDULE OF FOOD REGULATIONS 1985 Hydrogen Phosphide
Imazapyr
Imazethapyr Imidachlorprid
Inorganic bromide
Iprodione
Iprovalicard
Methamidophos
Methidathion
Metolachlor Metribuzin
Metsulfuron methyl
Molinate
Monocrotophos
Pencycuron
Pendimethalin
Permethrin Phenthoate
Phoxim
Picloram
Pirimiphos-methyl
Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
Pyrethrum
Pyridaben Quinalphos
Quinchlorac
Quintozene
Quizalofop-ethyl
Thiocyclam-
hydrogen oxalate
Thiometon Tolclofos-methyl
Tralomethrin
Triadimenol
Isazofos
Isoprocarb
Isoprothiolane
Lufenuron
Malathion
MCPS
Mepronil
Mercaptodimethur
Metalaxyl
Metaldehyde
MSMA
MTMC
Myclobutanil
Ofurace
Oxadiargyl
Oxadiazon
Oxadixyl
Oxycarboxin
Oxyfluorfen
Paraquat
Pretilachlor
Prochloraz
Profenofos
Propamocarb
Propanil
Propargite
Propiconazole
Propoxur
Prothiofos
Pymetrozine
Sethoxydim
Silafluofen
Spinosad
Tebuconazole
Tebufenozide
Teflubenzuron
Terbuthylazine
Tetradifon
Thiamethoxam
Thiobencarb
riazop os
Triadimenol
Triazophos
Trichlorfon
Triclopyr
Tridemorph Triflumuron
Viclozolin
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OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
Under Section 13 of the Food Act 1983:
1) Any person who prepares or sells any foodthat has in or upon it any substances which
,
to health commits an offence and shall be
liable, on conviction, to a fine not
exceeding one hundred thousand ringgit
(RM100,000.00) or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding ten years or both
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MINISTRY OF HEALTH PESTICIDE
RESIDUE MONITORING PROGRAM
Involves sampling of domestically produced and
imported foods and analysis of these foods forpesticide residues.
Malaysian Ministry of Health establishes monitoring
priorities through development of an annual NationalWork Plan, which is a comprehensive sampling plan
implemented nationwide.
The sampling plan is designed to give coverage forsampling and analyses of various category food
products and testing parameters, including pesticide
residue in food items.
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MINISTRY OF HEALTH PESTICIDE
RESIDUE MONITORING PROGRAM
Domestic samples are taken from retail outlets in
domestic markets such as wet market, supermarkets,hypermarkets, etc. while import samples are takenat the entry points.
ega act on s e ng ta en or cases o v o at ons nthe domestic markets while for food consignments,they are subjected to Level 5 Inspection at the entrypoint (Hold, Test and Release). If found to
contravene, the consignments were sent back to therespective exporting countries.
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SCREENING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN FOOD ITEMS Pesticide residue screening and analysis in food items is
being conducted by: The Food Safety and Quality Laboratory (FSQL) and the
Public Health Laboratories (PHL) under the Ministry ofHealth (MOH),
Department of Chemistrys Laboratories under the Ministryof Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
These laboratories are located at strategic locations inthe countries to support surveillance and monitoringactivities carried out for the domestic market andimported food.
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EXISTING FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER
MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA
EXISTIING FOOD LABORATORIES UNDER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA
FSQL KELANTAN
(Kota Bahru)
FSQL TERENGGANU
(Kuala Teren anu)
PHL SABAH
(Kota Kinabalu)
FSQL PENANG
FSQL LAKA TEMIN
( Bukit Kayu Hitam)
FSQL PERLIS*
(Kangar)
FSQL PAHANG
(Mentakab)
FSQL SANDAKAN
( Sandakan )NATIONAL PHL*
(Sg. Buloh)
PHL IPOH
(Butterworth)
FSQL SELANGOR
(Kelang)
PHL JOHORE*
(Johor Bahru)
Note :
FQCL : Food Safety and Quality Laboratory
PHL : Public Health Laboratory
FSQL SARAWAK*
(Kuching)
FSQL Miri
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TESTING LABORATORIES Testing laboratories are accredited by the
Department of Standards National LaboratoriesAccreditation Scheme (Skim Akreditasi Makmal
Malasyia - SAMM) for compliance under the
ISO/IEC Guide 17025 "General Requirements forthe Competence of Calibration and Testing
Laboratories."
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SCREENING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN FOOD ITEMS Four (4) major groups of pesticides being routinely
screened are: Organophosphorus e.g. Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Fenthion , Tolclofos-methyl, Profenofos,
Methamidophos
Organochlorine e.g. Aldrin, Dichloran, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor
Synthetic pyrethoid e.g. Cypermethrin, Cyfluthrin, Fenvalerate, Permenthrin
Dithiocarbamates e.g. Cabaryl, Carbofuran, Thiobencarb
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COMMON TYPES OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS
SAMPLED FROM ENTRY POINTS IN PERLIS,KEDAH,
PERAK & KELANTAN IN YEAR 2010
Types of vegetables Examples
Leafy vegetables Kale, green mustard, spinach, celeryFruit/Flower vegetables Tomato, cucumber, capsicum, cabbage,
eggplant, bitter gourd, gourd, lettuce, broccoli
Tubers Sweet potato, yam
Roots Carrot, asparagus, onion, gingers
Beans, peas and lentils Okra, long beans, peas, winged beans
Others Baby corn, petai, chili pepper, mushrooms
Types of fruits Examples
Citrus Fruits Orange, Pomelo
Assorted tropical and sub-
tropical fruits edible peel
Guava, Lychee, Pineapple, Papaya, Dokong,
Longan, Watermelon, Pumpkin
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OVERVIEW ON PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING
PROGRAM FOR DOMESTIC MARKET FOR 2010
STATE
Number of Samples Taken
Number of
samplesdetected with
pesticide
residue
Number ofsamples
exceeding
MRL
Rate of
contravention
Fruits
Vegetables
Otherfood
ereal,grains,
etc
)
Total
(
PERLIS 12 91 0 103 1 0 0.00 %
KEDAH 156 352 0 508 10 4 0.79 %
PERAK 113 295 4 412 20 4 0.97 %
KELANTAN 45 332 5 382 4 1 0.26 %
TOTAL 326 1070 4 1405 35 9 0.64 %
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OVERVIEW ON PESTICIDE RESIDUE MONITORING
PROGRAM FOR IMPORTED FOOD FOR YEAR 2010
STATE
Number of Samples Taken
Number of
samplesdetected with
pesticide
residue
Number ofsamples
exceeding
MRL
Rate of
contravention
Fruits
Vegetables
Otherfood
ereal,grains,
etc
)
Total
(
PERLIS 234 504 0 738 18 0 0.00 %
KEDAH 91 2348 0 2439 92 6 0.25 %
PERAK 12 32 0 44 4 0 0.00 %
KELANTAN 262 20 0 282 N/A 4 1.41 %
TOTAL 599 2904 0 3503 114 10 0.28 %
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CONCLUSION Enforcement of pesticide use and control is a
coordinated effort amongst governmentdepartments and agencies.
Data from both domestic and im orted fresh fruits
and vegetable shows that fresh produced sold inMalaysia are still safe for consumption.
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RECOMMENDATION Existing capacities and capability of the
laboratories involved in surveillance and monitoringof pesticide residues can be further expanded forincreased efficiency and greater coverage of
.
Continuous close collaboration among all theenforcement agencies involved is to be maintainedand enhanced to ensure the safety and
wholesomeness of food products being sold in thecountry.
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