pest and disease management in ginger, ncipm

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NCIPM NCIPM NCIPM NCIPM jk"Vªh; les fdr uk’khtho izca /ku ds Unz jk"Vªh; les fdr uk’khtho izca /ku ds Unz jk"Vªh; les fdr uk’khtho izca /ku ds Unz jk"Vªh; les fdr uk’khtho izca /ku ds Unz iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh xks foa n cYyHk iar xks foa n cYyHk iar xks foa n cYyHk iar xks foa n cYyHk iar d`f d`f d`f d`f"k ,oa izkS|ks fxdh "k ,oa izkS|ks fxdh "k ,oa izkS|ks fxdh "k ,oa izkS|ks fxdh fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj fo'ofo|ky;] iaruxj ioZrh; ifjlj] jkuhpkSjh ioZrh; ifjlj] jkuhpkSjh ioZrh; ifjlj] jkuhpkSjh ioZrh; ifjlj] jkuhpkSjh

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Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

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Page 1: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk

d q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h V

NCIPMNCIPMNCIPMNCIPM j k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n z i wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yh

xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar d ` fd ` fd ` fd ` f " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h fo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xj i oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jh

vnjd ,d vR;Ur xq.kdkjh udnh Qly gS ftldk mi;ksx elkys ds :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gS] lkFk gh bldk mi;ksx vkS”kf/k ds :Ik esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr lEIiw.kZ fo’o dk yxHkx 50 izfr’kr vnjd mRikfnr djrk gS ftldh vkt lEIkw.kZ fo’o esa cM+h ekax gSA Hkkjr esa vnjd dk mRiknu dsjy] mM+hlk] es?kky;] flfDde] vle] vkU/kz izns’k] dukZVd] v:.kkpy izns’k] fgekpy izns’k] jktLFkku] caxky] mRrj izns’k] mRrjk[k.M vkfn jkT;ksa esa gksrk gSA mŸkjk[k.M esa vnjd dh [ksrh udnh Qly ds :i esa eq[;r% vYeksM+k] pEikor] nsgjknwu] fVgjh] uSuhrky vkfn tuinksa esa dh tkrh gSA fdlkuksa dks vnjd ls vPNh vk; izkIr gksrh gS ijUrq foxr dqN o"kksZa ls bl Qly esa jksxksa ds izdksi ds dkj.k mit esa Hkkjh deh vk;h gSA vnjd ds mRiknu esa izdUn lM+u] thok.kqt Eykfu] ihr jksx] i.kZ fpRrh] HkaMkj.k lM+u vkfn eq[; jksx rFkk dqjeqyk dhV ,oa vnjd dh eD[kh vkfFkZd {kfr igq¡pkrs gSaA bl {kfr ls mcjus ds fy, fdlku fofHkUu izdkj ds jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA IkjUrq mUgsa okaNuh; ykHk ugha fey ik jgk gSA lkFk gh jklk;fud tSoukf’k;ksa ls okrkoj.k Hkh nwf”kr gks jgk gSA vnjd esa dhVksa rFkk O;kf/k;ksa ds vf/kd izdksi dk eq[; dkj.k mfpr Qly pdz dk u viukuk] dPph xkscj dh [kkn dk iz;ksx djuk] mfpr ty&fudklh izcU/k dk u gksuk] cht izdUnksa ds leqfpr mipkj dk vHkko] cht izdUnksa dk vuqfpr HkaMkj.k] fdlkuksa }kjk dhVksa rFkk O;kf/k;ksa dh lgh igpku u dj ikuk vkfn eq[; gSaA vnjd esa yxus okys izeq[k jksx rFkk dhV fuEukuqlkj gSa %

izeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khtho

bl j ksx d s y{k.k l oZi zFk e ifR r; ksa ij fn [kk bZ iM +r sa gSa ft ll s ifR r; ksa d k j ax gY d k Q hd k gks t kr k gSA ifR r; ksa d k ; g ih ykiu ifR r; ksa d h u ksad ls ' kq: gk sd j u hp s d h vksj c< + r k gSA /khj s &/k hj s iwj h iR r h ihyh iM + t kr h gS vkSj lw[k t kr h gSA i kS/ kk t ehu d h lrg d s ikl H kwj s j ax d k gks t kr k gS] rFkk Nwwu s ij f iyfi ykiu eglwl gk sr k gS A en q f oxyu t M+laf/ k ls ' kq: gksd j i zd U n rd Q Syr k t kr k gSA d an k sa d s Åij d k fNyd k L oL Fk i zr hr gksr k gS t cfd vU n j d k xwn k lM + t kr k gSA lw=Ñ fe ] j kbt ks e eSxV ] d qjeqy k d hV vkfn bl j k sx d h m x zr k d ks c< +k u s e sa egR o iw.kZ H kwfed k fu H kkr s g SaA ; s xkB k sa e sa Nsn d j Q Q ¡ wn d s izo s’ k d ks l qxe cu k n sr s gS a f t lls lM +u j ksx vf/kd r st h ls Q Syr k g SA

bl j ksx d h ' kq: v kr es a vn jd d h fu p yh ifR r; ksa d s fd u kj s ihys j ax d s fn [kk bZ n sr s gS a ckn esa / khj s& /khj s iwj h iR r h ihy h g ks t kr h g S ijU r q ifR r; k¡ >M +d j t ehu ij u gha fxj r h g Sa A iwj k ikS /kk vU r r% e qj>kd j lw[k t kr k g SA j ks xh ikS /ks d k fu p yk fgL lk e qyk; e , oa t ykfl Dr gk s t kr k gS rFk k ru s d ks ekr i zd U n ls vk lku h ls [ khap d j m [kkM +k t k ld r k gSA xzflr izd U n d k fod kl : d t kr k gS rFkk i zH kkfor f gL ls d k j ax lQ sn gks t kr k gSA vR ; f /kd vkn zZ r k] vf /kd r k ieku , oa f eV ~V h esa vf /kd u eh bl j ksx d ks c< +ku s esa l gk; d gSaA

bl j ksx esa ifR r; ksa ij f ofH kU u izd kj d s gY d s H kwj s ; k xgj s H kwj s / kCcs cu r s gSaA /kCcs vk il e sa f eyd j ifÙk; ksa d s ,d c M s+ fgL ls d ks j ksxx zflr d j n sr s g SaA d H kh&d H kh /k CCkksa d s p kj ksa v ksj ihyk ? ksj k H kh cu r k g SA j ksx d h m xz voL Fk k e sa ifR r; k¡ lw[k t kr h gSaA Nk; k esa m xu s okys ik S/k ksa d h v is{k k [kqy s es a m xh Q ly bl j k sx l s T ; kn k i zH kkfor gksr h gS

bl j ksx d s d kj .k r u s ij t ehu d h lr g d s ikl t ykfl Dr /k Ccs ; k ir yh yE ch /kkfj ; k¡ fn [kk bZ n sr h gSaA i zH kkfor ru k o i zd U n fp ifp ik gks t kr sa g Sa r Fkk m u ls n qxZU /k vkr h gSA r u s d ks vklku h l s [khap d j i zd U n ls vyx fd ; k t k ld r k gSA ; fn izH kkf or izd U n d s ,d Nk sV s V qd M s+ d ks lkQ iku h e sa Fk ksM +h n sj j[ksa r ks iku h d k j ax x an yk ; k n wf /k; k g ks t kr k gSA

j ksxxzL r ikS /ks d h Å ij h i fR r; kssa d h u k s d gY d h ihyh gks t kr h g S rFkk vU r r% iwj k ikS /kk i hyk gks t kr k gSA ckn esa ru s o izd U n d s t ksM + d s i kl d k j ax gY d s ls xgj k H kwj k g ks t kr k gSA fu p ys fgL ls d s lM +u s d s d kj.k laØ fer i kS /kk fxj t kr k gSA laØ fer H kkx ij NksV s &NksV s d kys j ax d s fc[kj s gq, L Dysj k sf’ k; k H kh fn [kkb Z iM r s gSaA

lw=— fet fu r bl j ksx ls laØ fer ik S/k ksa d h c< +o kj : d t kr h g SA ifR r ; k¡ ihyh i M +d j yV d t kr h gSaA e q[; t M + e sa xk sy rFk k v.M kd kj v kd kj d h d bZ xk¡B sa cu r h gSaA

H k.M kj.k d s n k Sj ku d bZ izd kj d s d od rFkk t ho k.kq vn jd ij vkØ e .k d j r s gSa ft ld s Q yL o: i izd U n ksa esa l M +u ' kq: gks t kr k g SA H k.M kj.k esa izd U n lM +u vf /kd ka’ kr% p ksfV y ; k d V s &Q V s izd U n ksa e sa fofH kU u i zd kj d h Q Q aqn ksa d s laØ e.k d s d kj.k gksr h gSA

eku lwu d h igyh cj lkr d s lkFk gh ebZ &t wu d s eghu s esa d qjeqy k d hV d s o; L d t ehu ls c kgj fu d yr s gSaA ekn k } kj k t ehu e sa fn ; s x; s v.M ksa l s fu d ys f xM kj d h f} r h; ,oa r `r h; v o L Fkk,sa vn jd d h t M +ksa d ks [kkd j gkfu i gW qap kr s gSaA d Pp s xkscj d ks [kkn d s : i e sa iz; ksx d ju s ls bld k i zd ksi c< + t kr k g SA

i h r jk sxi h r jk sxi h r jk sxi h r jk sx

i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k

Ld y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +u

H kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +u

e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx

i f jp;i f jp;i f jp;i f jp;

e` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M u

Page 2: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk

d q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h V

NCIPMNCIPMNCIPMNCIPM j k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n z i wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yh

xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar xk sfo an cYyHk iar d ` fd ` fd ` fd ` f " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h " k ,oa iz kS | ksf xd h fo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xjfo 'ofo| ky;] iar u xj i oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jhi oZrh ; if jlj] jk uh p kS jh

vnjd ,d vR;Ur xq.kdkjh udnh Qly gS ftldk mi;ksx elkys ds :Ik esa fd;k tkrk gS] lkFk gh bldk mi;ksx vkS”kf/k ds :Ik esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr lEIiw.kZ fo’o dk yxHkx 50 izfr’kr vnjd mRikfnr djrk gS ftldh vkt lEIkw.kZ fo’o esa cM+h ekax gSA Hkkjr esa vnjd dk mRiknu dsjy] mM+hlk] es?kky;] flfDde] vle] vkU/kz izns’k] dukZVd] v:.kkpy izns’k] fgekpy izns’k] jktLFkku] caxky] mRrj izns’k] mRrjk[k.M vkfn jkT;ksa esa gksrk gSA mŸkjk[k.M esa vnjd dh [ksrh udnh Qly ds :i esa eq[;r% vYeksM+k] pEikor] nsgjknwu] fVgjh] uSuhrky vkfn tuinksa esa dh tkrh gSA fdlkuksa dks vnjd ls vPNh vk; izkIr gksrh gS ijUrq foxr dqN o"kksZa ls bl Qly esa jksxksa ds izdksi ds dkj.k mit esa Hkkjh deh vk;h gSA vnjd ds mRiknu esa izdUn lM+u] thok.kqt Eykfu] ihr jksx] i.kZ fpRrh] HkaMkj.k lM+u vkfn eq[; jksx rFkk dqjeqyk dhV ,oa vnjd dh eD[kh vkfFkZd {kfr igq¡pkrs gSaA bl {kfr ls mcjus ds fy, fdlku fofHkUu izdkj ds jlk;uksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA IkjUrq mUgsa okaNuh; ykHk ugha fey ik jgk gSA lkFk gh jklk;fud tSoukf’k;ksa ls okrkoj.k Hkh nwf”kr gks jgk gSA vnjd esa dhVksa rFkk O;kf/k;ksa ds vf/kd izdksi dk eq[; dkj.k mfpr Qly pdz dk u viukuk] dPph xkscj dh [kkn dk iz;ksx djuk] mfpr ty&fudklh izcU/k dk u gksuk] cht izdUnksa ds leqfpr mipkj dk vHkko] cht izdUnksa dk vuqfpr HkaMkj.k] fdlkuksa }kjk dhVksa rFkk O;kf/k;ksa dh lgh igpku u dj ikuk vkfn eq[; gSaA vnjd esa yxus okys izeq[k jksx rFkk dhV fuEukuqlkj gSa %

izeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khthoizeq[k uk’khtho

bl j ksx d s y{k.k l oZi zFk e ifR r; ksa ij fn [kk bZ iM +r sa gSa ft ll s ifR r; ksa d k j ax gY d k Q hd k gks t kr k gSA ifR r; ksa d k ; g ih ykiu ifR r; ksa d h u ksad ls ' kq: gk sd j u hp s d h vksj c< + r k gSA /khj s &/k hj s iwj h iR r h ihyh iM + t kr h gS vkSj lw[k t kr h gSA i kS/ kk t ehu d h lrg d s ikl H kwj s j ax d k gks t kr k gS] rFkk Nwwu s ij f iyfi ykiu eglwl gk sr k gS A en q f oxyu t M+laf/ k ls ' kq: gksd j i zd U n rd Q Syr k t kr k gSA d an k sa d s Åij d k fNyd k L oL Fk i zr hr gksr k gS t cfd vU n j d k xwn k lM + t kr k gSA lw=Ñ fe ] j kbt ks e eSxV ] d qjeqy k d hV vkfn bl j k sx d h m x zr k d ks c< +k u s e sa egR o iw.kZ H kwfed k fu H kkr s g SaA ; s xkB k sa e sa Nsn d j Q Q ¡ wn d s izo s’ k d ks l qxe cu k n sr s gS a f t lls lM +u j ksx vf/kd r st h ls Q Syr k g SA

bl j ksx d h ' kq: v kr es a vn jd d h fu p yh ifR r; ksa d s fd u kj s ihys j ax d s fn [kk bZ n sr s gS a ckn esa / khj s& /khj s iwj h iR r h ihy h g ks t kr h g S ijU r q ifR r; k¡ >M +d j t ehu ij u gha fxj r h g Sa A iwj k ikS /kk vU r r% e qj>kd j lw[k t kr k g SA j ks xh ikS /ks d k fu p yk fgL lk e qyk; e , oa t ykfl Dr gk s t kr k gS rFk k ru s d ks ekr i zd U n ls vk lku h ls [ khap d j m [kkM +k t k ld r k gSA xzflr izd U n d k fod kl : d t kr k gS rFkk i zH kkfor f gL ls d k j ax lQ sn gks t kr k gSA vR ; f /kd vkn zZ r k] vf /kd r k ieku , oa f eV ~V h esa vf /kd u eh bl j ksx d ks c< +ku s esa l gk; d gSaA

bl j ksx esa ifR r; ksa ij f ofH kU u izd kj d s gY d s H kwj s ; k xgj s H kwj s / kCcs cu r s gSaA /kCcs vk il e sa f eyd j ifÙk; ksa d s ,d c M s+ fgL ls d ks j ksxx zflr d j n sr s g SaA d H kh&d H kh /k CCkksa d s p kj ksa v ksj ihyk ? ksj k H kh cu r k g SA j ksx d h m xz voL Fk k e sa ifR r; k¡ lw[k t kr h gSaA Nk; k esa m xu s okys ik S/k ksa d h v is{k k [kqy s es a m xh Q ly bl j k sx l s T ; kn k i zH kkfor gksr h gS

bl j ksx d s d kj .k r u s ij t ehu d h lr g d s ikl t ykfl Dr /k Ccs ; k ir yh yE ch /kkfj ; k¡ fn [kk bZ n sr h gSaA i zH kkfor ru k o i zd U n fp ifp ik gks t kr sa g Sa r Fkk m u ls n qxZU /k vkr h gSA r u s d ks vklku h l s [khap d j i zd U n ls vyx fd ; k t k ld r k gSA ; fn izH kkf or izd U n d s ,d Nk sV s V qd M s+ d ks lkQ iku h e sa Fk ksM +h n sj j[ksa r ks iku h d k j ax x an yk ; k n wf /k; k g ks t kr k gSA

j ksxxzL r ikS /ks d h Å ij h i fR r; kssa d h u k s d gY d h ihyh gks t kr h g S rFkk vU r r% iwj k ikS /kk i hyk gks t kr k gSA ckn esa ru s o izd U n d s t ksM + d s i kl d k j ax gY d s ls xgj k H kwj k g ks t kr k gSA fu p ys fgL ls d s lM +u s d s d kj.k laØ fer i kS /kk fxj t kr k gSA laØ fer H kkx ij NksV s &NksV s d kys j ax d s fc[kj s gq, L Dysj k sf’ k; k H kh fn [kkb Z iM r s gSaA

lw=— fet fu r bl j ksx ls laØ fer ik S/k ksa d h c< +o kj : d t kr h g SA ifR r ; k¡ ihyh i M +d j yV d t kr h gSaA e q[; t M + e sa xk sy rFk k v.M kd kj v kd kj d h d bZ xk¡B sa cu r h gSaA

H k.M kj.k d s n k Sj ku d bZ izd kj d s d od rFkk t ho k.kq vn jd ij vkØ e .k d j r s gSa ft ld s Q yL o: i izd U n ksa esa l M +u ' kq: gks t kr k g SA H k.M kj.k esa izd U n lM +u vf /kd ka’ kr% p ksfV y ; k d V s &Q V s izd U n ksa e sa fofH kU u i zd kj d h Q Q aqn ksa d s laØ e.k d s d kj.k gksr h gSA

eku lwu d h igyh cj lkr d s lkFk gh ebZ &t wu d s eghu s esa d qjeqy k d hV d s o; L d t ehu ls c kgj fu d yr s gSaA ekn k } kj k t ehu e sa fn ; s x; s v.M ksa l s fu d ys f xM kj d h f} r h; ,oa r `r h; v o L Fkk,sa vn jd d h t M +ksa d ks [kkd j gkfu i gW qap kr s gSaA d Pp s xkscj d ks [kkn d s : i e sa iz; ksx d ju s ls bld k i zd ksi c< + t kr k g SA

i h r jk sxi h r jk sxi h r jk sxi h r jk sx

i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k i .k Z f pR rh ;k /k Cc k

Ld y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +uLd y sjk sf ’k ;e l M +u

H kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +uH kaM k j.k l M +u

e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx e wyxz f UF k jk sx

i f jp;i f jp;i f jp;i f jp;

e` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M ue` nq f o xyu ;k iz d Un l M u

Page 3: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk t h o k .k q t E yk f u ;k md Bk

d q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h Vd q jeq yk d h V

NCIPMNCIPMNCIPMNCIPM j k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n zj k" V ªh; l esfd r u k’k ht ho iz ca/ ku d sU n z i wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yhi wlk if jlj] ub Z f nY yh

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Page 4: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

; g vn jd d k ,d i zeq [k d hV gS t ks [ ksr ksa rFkk H k.M kj n ksu ksa e as {kfr igq¡p kr k gSA bl d hV d k eSxV gY d s lQ sn j ax d k gksr k g S t ks vn jd d s i zd U n ksa e sa Nsn d j vU n j ?k ql t kr k gS r Fkk vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kkr k gS ft lls vn jd esa lM +u gks t kr h gSA bl d hV d h d qN izt kfr; k¡ vn jd d s ikS /kksa ] ru ksa rFkk izd U n ksa esa N sn d j vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kk d j H kh {kfr igq¡p kr h gSaA m ij ksDr d hV ksa rFkk j k sxksa d s fu ; a =.k gsr q ,d lesfd r u k’ kht ho iz.kky h fod flr d h x; h gS t ks fd fofH kU u laL r q fr; ksa d s leq fp r le kos’ k ij vk/kkfj r gSA l esfd r u k’ kht ho iz .kkyh t Sf od ] j klk; fu d ] ; kaf=d ] H kk Sfrd rFk k lk ekU ; ’ kL ; fd z; kv ksa d k le; ku ql kj rd Zla xr rFkk f oosd iw .kZ fd z; kU o; u g SA bl iz.k kyh d k e q[; m n ~n s’ ; u k’ kht hoksa d ks vkfFkZd {kfr L r j ls u hp s j[kr s g q, m iyC/k lalk /ku ksa ls] I k; kZoj.k ij fcu k fd lh i zfrd wy izH kko d s] Q ly d k o"kkZU r j fV d kÅ m R ikn u g S A

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7- ft u {ks =ksa es a vn jd lM +u j ksx i zfr o"k Z v kr k gS og k¡ d kc sZU M kft e 0- 2 i zfr’ kr vFkok j sM ksfey 0- 25 izfr’ kr d s ?kksy l s] o"kk Z gksu s ij ; k Q ly ,d ekg d h gks t ku s ij] ikS /kksa d h t M +ksa d s ikl flap k bZ d j saA

8- ft u {ks=k sa es a d qje qyk d hV d s lQ sn fxM kj ksa d k i zd ksi gk sr k gS ogk¡ Dyksj k sikbj hQ kW l 20 b Z0 lh0 j lk; u d h 80 fe0yh 0 ek =k i zfr ¼2 00 ox Z eh0½ {ks = e sa t qyk bZ d s iz Fke i[ko kM +k ¼1 l s 15 t qykb Z½ rd M sªfp ax d j sa ; k Dyk sjikbj hQ kWal 10 t h 400 xzk e vFk ok Dy ksjik bj hQ kWal 20 bZ0lh0 d h 8 0 fe0y h0 ek =k d ks 1 fd 0x zk 0 H kqjH kqj h feV ~V h ; k j k[k esa f eykd j iz fr u kyh d h n j ls cqjd ko d ju k p kfg,A vn jd d s d U n ksa d h d r kj esa cq okb Z d ju s l s n ok d s fNM +d ko ; k cqjd ko esa vR ; f/kd vklku h gksr h gSA

IV i zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Z

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2- Q ly d h [k qn kbZ d s i’ p kr ~ Q ly d s v o ’ kss"kksa d ks [k sr esa u gh Nk sM +u k p kfg , r Fkk bU gsa ,d = d j u "V d j n saA

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V i zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.k

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2- cht izd U n ksa d s H k.M kj.k d s fy , d Pp s x M ~< ksa d h H kY kh H k¡kfr lQ kbZ d j sa ,oa m ls ,d lIr kg rd /kwi esa [k qyk N ksM + n sa ft lls fd xM ~< s esa u eh u jg sA H kaM kj.k d ju s ls i woZ izd U n ksa d ks d kcs ZaU M kft e ¼10 0 x zk0½ $ e SU d kst sc ¼250 xz k0½ $ Dy ksj ksi kbj hQ kWl ¼2 50 f e0yh0½ d ks 1 00 yh0 iku h esa feykd j] ?kksy es a i zd an ksa d ks ,d ?kaV s rd m ip kfj r d j saA

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izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku o”kZo”kZo”kZo”kZ 2009] 1000 izfr;ka

Page 5: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

; g vn jd d k ,d i zeq [k d hV gS t ks [ ksr ksa rFkk H k.M kj n ksu ksa e as {kfr igq¡p kr k gSA bl d hV d k eSxV gY d s lQ sn j ax d k gksr k g S t ks vn jd d s i zd U n ksa e sa Nsn d j vU n j ?k ql t kr k gS r Fkk vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kkr k gS ft lls vn jd esa lM +u gks t kr h gSA bl d hV d h d qN izt kfr; k¡ vn jd d s ikS /kksa ] ru ksa rFkk izd U n ksa esa N sn d j vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kk d j H kh {kfr igq¡p kr h gSaA m ij ksDr d hV ksa rFkk j k sxksa d s fu ; a =.k gsr q ,d lesfd r u k’ kht ho iz.kky h fod flr d h x; h gS t ks fd fofH kU u laL r q fr; ksa d s leq fp r le kos’ k ij vk/kkfj r gSA l esfd r u k’ kht ho iz .kkyh t Sf od ] j klk; fu d ] ; kaf=d ] H kk Sfrd rFk k lk ekU ; ’ kL ; fd z; kv ksa d k le; ku ql kj rd Zla xr rFkk f oosd iw .kZ fd z; kU o; u g SA bl iz.k kyh d k e q[; m n ~n s’ ; u k’ kht hoksa d ks vkfFkZd {kfr L r j ls u hp s j[kr s g q, m iyC/k lalk /ku ksa ls] I k; kZoj.k ij fcu k fd lh i zfrd wy izH kko d s] Q ly d k o"kkZU r j fV d kÅ m R ikn u g S A

m iyC/k t ku d kfj; ksa d s vk /kkj ij vn jd d s j k sxksa d k lesfd r iz cU /ku d s fy, fu E u fyf[kr iz.kk yh viu k; h t ku h p kfg ,A

I [ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%

1- vn jd d h [ksr h d s fy , vPN s t y fu d k l okys [ ksr ksa d k gh p qu ko fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A ft u [ksr ksa esa izad n lM +u ch ekj h y xkr kj vk jgh gS ogk¡ 5 o"khZ; Q ly p Ø v iu k d j m lesa >axksj k] eaM qv k o e Dd k Q lyk sa d ks lfE efy r fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A

2- [ksr ksa d h xgj h t qr kb Z d ju h p kfg, ] ft l ls m lesa iy jgs d qjeqy k d hV d h f ofH kU u voL Fkk, a] lw; Z d s izd k’ k l s i zH kkfor gksd j u "V gks t k,a] vFkok ijH kf {k; ksa } kj k m u d k H k{k.k g ks ld sA

3- [ksr d h t qr kbZ d s i' p kr ~ gY d h flap kb Z d j ikjn ’ khZ IykfL V d d h p kn j ls 30 &4 0 fn u rd < d d j en k d k lkSj hd j.k d ju k p kfg,A

4- xkscj d h lM +h [kkn d k iz; ksx d ju s d s 10&15 fn u iwo Z V ª kbd ksM ek Z gjft ; ku e u ked t So vfH kd r kZ ¼2 50 xzk e izfr d qU ry [k kn ½ [kkn e sa feykd j < sj y xku s d s ckn m ls Iy kfL V d d h p kn j ls < +d n su k p kfg,A

5- cqok bZ d s f y, ln So m U gh izd U n ksa d k g h p qu ko d j sa ft U gs j ks x jfgr [ksr ksa l s fy; k x; k gk sA izd an j ksx jfg r rFkk d V sa Q V s a u gh gksu s p kfg,A

II c qok bZc qok bZc qok bZc qok bZ

1- cqok bZ d s l e; vn jd izd U n ksa d ks t S o vfH kd r kZ V ª kbd ksM ekZ gjft ; ku e 6&8 x zk0@ yh0 iku h d s ?kk s y ls m ip kfj r d j sa vFkok d kcs ZaU M kft e ¼1 00 xzk0½ $ e SU d ks t sc ¼25 0 x zk0½ $ Dyksj ks ikbj hQ kW l ¼250 f e0yh0½ d ks 10 0 yh0 iku h esa f eykd j ?kksy ls m ip kfj r d j saA ; fn t hok.kqt E ykfu d k izd ks i gksr k

gS r ks m ij ksDr j lk; u ksa d s lkFk 20 xzk 0 L V ª sIV kslkbf Dyu H kh feyk ysaA

2- izd an ksa d ks m B s gq , esa< +ks ij yxku k p kfg , r kfd t es gq, iku h ls izd an O; kf/ kr u g ksaA

3- [ksr d ks l kQ &lq Fkj k j[ku k p kfg, rFkk c qok bZ d s le; ikS/ kksa d s s chp m fp r n wj h j[ku h p kf g,A

4- cqok bZ d s i' p kr [ksr ksa e sa u eh l aj{k.k gsr q m i; ksx fd ; s t ku s okys i qoky esa m U gh isM +ks a d h iR r h ; k ?kkl d k m i; ksx d ju k p kfg, t ks f d vn jd lM +u d s j ksxk.k qvksa rFkk d qjeq yk d hV d k s c< +u s e sa lg k; d u gksA

III [ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x j ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk o

1- [ksr ksa d h fu ; fer fu xj ku h d j sa ft lls f d [ksr e sa vku s oky h chek fj; ksa rFkk d hV ksa d k le; jgr s ir k p y ld sA

2- [ksr ksa d h l e; ij fu j kb Z x qM +kbZ d ju h p kfg, rFkk ; fn d qjeqyk d hV d s f xM kj fey sa r ks m U gs , d = d j u "V d j n su k p kfg,A

3- d qjeqyk d hV rFkk l w=— fe l s cp ko d s f y, vPNh r jg l s lM +h gqb Z xkscj d h [kkn vFkok o ehZ d E iks L V d k gh i z; ksx fd ; k t ku k p kfg, ft l esa d qjeqy k d hV d s iz cU /ku d s fy , t So vfH kd r kZ esV k j kbft ; e ,sfu lksfI y, d k s fE kyk; k t ku k p kfg,A

4- j kf= d s le; d qje qyk d hV d s o; L d iks’ kd o{kk sa ij [kku s rFkk e SFkqu fØ ; k g sr q ,d f=r gksr s gSa vr% j kf= esa 8 ls 10 ct s rd bu isM +ksa d h V gfu ; ksa d ks M aM s ls fgykd j d hV ksa d ks ,d f=r d jd s f eV ~V h r sy feys iku h esa M ky d j bU gs a u "V d j n su k p kfg,A ; g d k; Z lke wfgd : i ls d ju s ls gh izH kko h gksr k g SA e bZ d s f} r h; l I r kg ¼eku lwu d h igyh cj lkr d s ckn ½ ls i zd k’ k& iziap y xkd j H kh bl d hV d s o; L d ksa d ks izd k’ k &lzksr ij vkd f"kZr d jd s u "V fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A

5- j ksxxzflr ik S/kk sa d ks izd U n l fgr m [kkM + d j u "V d j n sa rFkk m l L F kku d h f eV ~V h d ks

V ª kbd ksM ekZ gjft ; ku e (8 &10 xz ke@ yh-) ds ? kksy vF kok d kcs ZU M kft e 0- 2 izfr’ k r vFk ok j sM ksfey 0- 25 iz fr’ kr d s ?kksy ls r j d j n saA

6- ft u {ks= ksa esa cht i zd an ksa d ks m i; ksx gsr q okfi l fu d ky fy; k t kr k gS m u {ks=k sa esa H kh bl fØ ; k d s ckn m ij ksDr j lk; u ksa l s d V s t M d s ikl flap kbZ d ju h p kfg,A

7- ft u {ks =ksa es a vn jd lM +u j ksx i zfr o"k Z v kr k gS og k¡ d kc sZU M kft e 0- 2 i zfr’ kr vFkok j sM ksfey 0- 25 izfr’ kr d s ?kksy l s] o"kk Z gksu s ij ; k Q ly ,d ekg d h gks t ku s ij] ikS /kksa d h t M +ksa d s ikl flap k bZ d j saA

8- ft u {ks=k sa es a d qje qyk d hV d s lQ sn fxM kj ksa d k i zd ksi gk sr k gS ogk¡ Dyksj k sikbj hQ kW l 20 b Z0 lh0 j lk; u d h 80 fe0yh 0 ek =k i zfr ¼2 00 ox Z eh0½ {ks = e sa t qyk bZ d s iz Fke i[ko kM +k ¼1 l s 15 t qykb Z½ rd M sªfp ax d j sa ; k Dyk sjikbj hQ kW al 10 t h 400 xzk e vFk ok Dy ksjik bj hQ kW al 20 bZ0lh0 d h 8 0 fe0y h0 ek =k d ks 1 fd 0x zk 0 H kqjH kqj h feV ~V h ; k j k[k esa f eykd j iz fr u kyh d h n j ls cqjd ko d ju k p kfg,A vn jd d s d U n ksa d h d r kj esa cq okb Z d ju s l s n ok d s fNM +d ko ; k cqjd ko esa vR ; f/kd vklku h gksr h gSA

IV i zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Z

1- [kqn kbZ d s l e; [k sr e sa j ks xxzL r ikS /kksa ls izkIr izd an cht d s fy, u gha j[ ku s p kfg , A

2- Q ly d h [k qn kbZ d s i’ p kr ~ Q ly d s v o ’ kss"kksa d ks [k sr esa u gh Nk sM +u k p kfg , r Fkk bU gsa ,d = d j u "V d j n saA

3- izd U n ksa d ks H k.M kj .k esa gksu s o kyh lM +u ls cp ku s d s fy, [kqn k bZ d j r s le; / ; ku j [ku k p kfg, fd izd U n d V u s u ik,a rFkk m u d s fNyd s u m r j asA

V i zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.k

1- cht d s fy, izd an k sa d k H kaM kj.k Nk; k esa c u k; s x; s xM ~< ksa esa d ju k p kfg,A

2- cht izd U n ksa d s H k.M kj.k d s fy , d Pp s x M ~< ksa d h H kY kh H k¡ kfr lQ kbZ d j sa ,oa m ls ,d lIr kg rd /kwi esa [k qyk N ksM + n sa ft lls fd xM ~< s esa u eh u jg sA H kaM kj.k d ju s ls i woZ izd U n ksa d ks d kcs ZaU M kft e ¼10 0 x zk0½ $ e SU d kst sc ¼250 xz k0½ $ Dy ksj ksi kbj hQ kW l ¼2 50 f e0yh0½ d ks 1 00 yh0 iku h esa feykd j] ?kksy es a i zd an ksa d ks ,d ?kaV s rd m ip kfj r d j saA

3- xM ~< s e sa izd an k sa d ks iwj h r jg u H kj sa rFkk xM ~< s d k yxH kx ,d p kSFkk bZ H kkx Å ij ls [kkyh j [ksaA [k kyh H kkx esa lw[kh ?kkl H kj d j xM ~< s d ks Åij ls yd M +h d s r[r s l s < +d n s aA m ij ksDr fof /k ls i Dd s xM ~< ks es a H kh H kaM kj.k fd ; k t k l d r k gSA

v njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xV

l esfd r u k'k ht ho iz ca/ kul esfd r u k'k ht ho iz ca/ kul esfd r u k'k ht ho iz ca/ kul esfd r u k'k ht ho iz ca/ ku

lEikndlEikndlEikndlEiknd Mh- ch- vkgqtk]

jk”Vªh; lesfdr uk’khtho izca/ku dsUn] ubZ fnYyh

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rduhdh lg;ksxrduhdh lg;ksxrduhdh lg;ksxrduhdh lg;ksx uhye esgrk izdkf’krizdkf’krizdkf’krizdkf’kr Mk- vks- ,e- cEckokys] funs’kd jk”Vªh; lesfdr uk’khtho izca/ku dsUnz (Hkk- d- vuq- i-)

iwlk ifjlj] ubZ fnYyh&110 012 nwjHkk”k %+ 91&11&25843935&36 QSDl % 91&11&25841472

bZ&esy % [email protected]

oSc % http://ncipm.org.in

izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku o”kZo”kZo”kZo”kZ 2009] 1000 izfr;ka

Page 6: Pest and Disease management in Ginger, NCIPM

; g vn jd d k ,d i zeq [k d hV gS t ks [ ksr ksa rFkk H k.M kj n ksu ksa e as {kfr igq¡p kr k gSA bl d hV d k eSxV gY d s lQ sn j ax d k gksr k g S t ks vn jd d s i zd U n ksa e sa Nsn d j vU n j ?k ql t kr k gS r Fkk vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kkr k gS ft lls vn jd esa lM +u gks t kr h gSA bl d hV d h d qN izt kfr; k¡ vn jd d s ikS /kksa ] ru ksa rFkk izd U n ksa esa N sn d j vU n j d s H kkxksa d ks [kk d j H kh {kfr igq¡p kr h gSaA m ij ksDr d hV ksa rFkk j k sxksa d s fu ; a =.k gsr q ,d lesfd r u k’ kht ho iz.kky h fod flr d h x; h gS t ks fd fofH kU u laL r q fr; ksa d s leq fp r le kos’ k ij vk/kkfj r gSA l esfd r u k’ kht ho iz .kkyh t Sf od ] j klk; fu d ] ; kaf=d ] H kk Sfrd rFk k lk ekU ; ’ kL ; fd z; kv ksa d k le; ku ql kj rd Zla xr rFkk f oosd iw .kZ fd z; kU o; u g SA bl iz.k kyh d k e q[; m n ~n s’ ; u k’ kht hoksa d ks vkfFkZd {kfr L r j ls u hp s j[kr s g q, m iyC/k lalk /ku ksa ls] I k; kZoj.k ij fcu k fd lh i zfrd wy izH kko d s] Q ly d k o"kkZU r j fV d kÅ m R ikn u g S A

m iyC/k t ku d kfj; ksa d s vk /kkj ij vn jd d s j k sxksa d k lesfd r iz cU /ku d s fy, fu E u fyf[kr iz.kk yh viu k; h t ku h p kfg ,A

I [ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%[ksr d h r S; kj h%

1- vn jd d h [ksr h d s fy , vPN s t y fu d k l okys [ ksr ksa d k gh p qu ko fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A ft u [ksr ksa esa izad n lM +u ch ekj h y xkr kj vk jgh gS ogk¡ 5 o"khZ; Q ly p Ø v iu k d j m lesa >axksj k] eaM qv k o e Dd k Q lyk sa d ks lfE efy r fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A

2- [ksr ksa d h xgj h t qr kb Z d ju h p kfg, ] ft l ls m lesa iy jgs d qjeqy k d hV d h f ofH kU u voL Fkk, a] lw; Z d s izd k’ k l s i zH kkfor gksd j u "V gks t k,a] vFkok ijH kf {k; ksa } kj k m u d k H k{k.k g ks ld sA

3- [ksr d h t qr kbZ d s i' p kr ~ gY d h flap kb Z d j ikjn ’ khZ IykfL V d d h p kn j ls 30 &4 0 fn u rd < d d j en k d k lkSj hd j.k d ju k p kfg,A

4- xkscj d h lM +h [kkn d k iz; ksx d ju s d s 10&15 fn u iwo Z V ª kbd ksM ek Z gjft ; ku e u ked t So vfH kd r kZ ¼2 50 xzk e izfr d qU ry [k kn ½ [kkn e sa feykd j < sj y xku s d s ckn m ls Iy kfL V d d h p kn j ls < +d n su k p kfg,A

5- cqok bZ d s f y, ln So m U gh izd U n ksa d k g h p qu ko d j sa ft U gs j ks x jfgr [ksr ksa l s fy; k x; k gk sA izd an j ksx jfg r rFkk d V sa Q V s a u gh gksu s p kfg,A

II c qok bZc qok bZc qok bZc qok bZ

1- cqok bZ d s l e; vn jd izd U n ksa d ks t S o vfH kd r kZ V ª kbd ksM ekZ gjft ; ku e 6&8 x zk0@ yh0 iku h d s ?kk s y ls m ip kfj r d j sa vFkok d kcs ZaU M kft e ¼1 00 xzk0½ $ e SU d ks t sc ¼25 0 x zk0½ $ Dyksj ks ikbj hQ kW l ¼250 f e0yh0½ d ks 10 0 yh0 iku h esa f eykd j ?kksy ls m ip kfj r d j saA ; fn t hok.kqt E ykfu d k izd ks i gksr k

gS r ks m ij ksDr j lk; u ksa d s lkFk 20 xzk 0 L V ª sIV kslkbf Dyu H kh feyk ysaA

2- izd an ksa d ks m B s gq , esa< +ks ij yxku k p kfg , r kfd t es gq, iku h ls izd an O; kf/ kr u g ksaA

3- [ksr d ks l kQ &lq Fkj k j[ku k p kfg, rFkk c qok bZ d s le; ikS/ kksa d s s chp m fp r n wj h j[ku h p kf g,A

4- cqok bZ d s i' p kr [ksr ksa e sa u eh l aj{k.k gsr q m i; ksx fd ; s t ku s okys i qoky esa m U gh isM +ks a d h iR r h ; k ?kkl d k m i; ksx d ju k p kfg, t ks f d vn jd lM +u d s j ksxk.k qvksa rFkk d qjeq yk d hV d k s c< +u s e sa lg k; d u gksA

III [ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x[ksr k sa d h fu x j ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk oj ku h rF kk j [kj[kk o

1- [ksr ksa d h fu ; fer fu xj ku h d j sa ft lls f d [ksr e sa vku s oky h chek fj; ksa rFkk d hV ksa d k le; jgr s ir k p y ld sA

2- [ksr ksa d h l e; ij fu j kb Z x qM +kbZ d ju h p kfg, rFkk ; fn d qjeqyk d hV d s f xM kj fey sa r ks m U gs , d = d j u "V d j n su k p kfg,A

3- d qjeqyk d hV rFkk l w=— fe l s cp ko d s f y, vPNh r jg l s lM +h gqb Z xkscj d h [kkn vFkok o ehZ d E iks L V d k gh i z; ksx fd ; k t ku k p kfg, ft l esa d qjeqy k d hV d s iz cU /ku d s fy , t So vfH kd r kZ esV k j kbft ; e ,sfu lksfI y, d k s fE kyk; k t ku k p kfg,A

4- j kf= d s le; d qje qyk d hV d s o; L d iks’ kd o{kk sa ij [kku s rFkk e SFkqu fØ ; k g sr q ,d f=r gksr s gSa vr% j kf= esa 8 ls 10 ct s rd bu isM +ksa d h V gfu ; ksa d ks M aM s ls fgykd j d hV ksa d ks ,d f=r d jd s f eV ~V h r sy feys iku h esa M ky d j bU gs a u "V d j n su k p kfg,A ; g d k; Z lke wfgd : i ls d ju s ls gh izH kko h gksr k g SA e bZ d s f} r h; l I r kg ¼eku lwu d h igyh cj lkr d s ckn ½ ls i zd k’ k& iziap y xkd j H kh bl d hV d s o; L d ksa d ks izd k’ k &lzksr ij vkd f"kZr d jd s u "V fd ; k t ku k p kfg,A

5- j ksxxzflr ik S/kk sa d ks izd U n l fgr m [kkM + d j u "V d j n sa rFkk m l L F kku d h f eV ~V h d ks

V ª kbd ksM ekZ gjft ; ku e (8 &10 xz ke@ yh-) ds ? kksy vF kok d kcs ZU M kft e 0- 2 izfr’ k r vFk ok j sM ksfey 0- 25 iz fr’ kr d s ?kksy ls r j d j n saA

6- ft u {ks= ksa esa cht i zd an ksa d ks m i; ksx gsr q okfi l fu d ky fy; k t kr k gS m u {ks=k sa esa H kh bl fØ ; k d s ckn m ij ksDr j lk; u ksa l s d V s t M d s ikl flap kbZ d ju h p kfg,A

7- ft u {ks =ksa es a vn jd lM +u j ksx i zfr o"k Z v kr k gS og k¡ d kc sZU M kft e 0- 2 i zfr’ kr vFkok j sM ksfey 0- 25 izfr’ kr d s ?kksy l s] o"kk Z gksu s ij ; k Q ly ,d ekg d h gks t ku s ij] ikS /kksa d h t M +ksa d s ikl flap k bZ d j saA

8- ft u {ks=k sa es a d qje qyk d hV d s lQ sn fxM kj ksa d k i zd ksi gk sr k gS ogk¡ Dyksj k sikbj hQ kW l 20 b Z0 lh0 j lk; u d h 80 fe0yh 0 ek =k i zfr ¼2 00 ox Z eh0½ {ks = e sa t qyk bZ d s iz Fke i[ko kM +k ¼1 l s 15 t qykb Z½ rd M sªfp ax d j sa ; k Dyk sjikbj hQ kW al 10 t h 400 xzk e vFk ok Dy ksjik bj hQ kW al 20 bZ0lh0 d h 8 0 fe0y h0 ek =k d ks 1 fd 0x zk 0 H kqjH kqj h feV ~V h ; k j k[k esa f eykd j iz fr u kyh d h n j ls cqjd ko d ju k p kfg,A vn jd d s d U n ksa d h d r kj esa cq okb Z d ju s l s n ok d s fNM +d ko ; k cqjd ko esa vR ; f/kd vklku h gksr h gSA

IV i zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Zi zd an k sa d h [k qn kb Z

1- [kqn kbZ d s l e; [k sr e sa j ks xxzL r ikS /kksa ls izkIr izd an cht d s fy, u gha j[ ku s p kfg , A

2- Q ly d h [k qn kbZ d s i’ p kr ~ Q ly d s v o ’ kss"kksa d ks [k sr esa u gh Nk sM +u k p kfg , r Fkk bU gsa ,d = d j u "V d j n saA

3- izd U n ksa d ks H k.M kj .k esa gksu s o kyh lM +u ls cp ku s d s fy, [kqn k bZ d j r s le; / ; ku j [ku k p kfg, fd izd U n d V u s u ik,a rFkk m u d s fNyd s u m r j asA

V i zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.ki zd an cht ksa d k H kaM kj.k

1- cht d s fy, izd an k sa d k H kaM kj.k Nk; k esa c u k; s x; s xM ~< ksa esa d ju k p kfg,A

2- cht izd U n ksa d s H k.M kj.k d s fy , d Pp s x M ~< ksa d h H kY kh H k¡ kfr lQ kbZ d j sa ,oa m ls ,d lIr kg rd /kwi esa [k qyk N ksM + n sa ft lls fd xM ~< s esa u eh u jg sA H kaM kj.k d ju s ls i woZ izd U n ksa d ks d kcs ZaU M kft e ¼10 0 x zk0½ $ e SU d kst sc ¼250 xz k0½ $ Dy ksj ksi kbj hQ kW l ¼2 50 f e0yh0½ d ks 1 00 yh0 iku h esa feykd j] ?kksy es a i zd an ksa d ks ,d ?kaV s rd m ip kfj r d j saA

3- xM ~< s e sa izd an k sa d ks iwj h r jg u H kj sa rFkk xM ~< s d k yxH kx ,d p kSFkk bZ H kkx Å ij ls [kkyh j [ksaA [k kyh H kkx esa lw[kh ?kkl H kj d j xM ~< s d ks Åij ls yd M +h d s r[r s l s < +d n s aA m ij ksDr fof /k ls i Dd s xM ~< ks es a H kh H kaM kj.k fd ; k t k l d r k gSA

v njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xVv njd d h eD[ k h ;k eS xV

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ifjlj] jkuhpkSjh

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bZ&esy % [email protected]

oSc % http://ncipm.org.in

izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku izdk’ku o”kZo”kZo”kZo”kZ 2009] 1000 izfr;ka