Pervasive Video with WebRTC Technology

Praveen Chintala, Practice Architect

BRKCOL-2556

Agenda

• What is WebRTC?

• WebRTC

• Evolution | Architecture | Standards

• WebRTC Browser Support

• Transition To Cloud & Security

• Interoperability with Enterprise Communications Platforms

• WebRTC Solutions

• WebRTC Use Cases & Demo

• Open Dialog, Polling & Q&A

WebRTC, Video Transition & Market

Trends

What is WebRTC

What is WebRTC:

• WebRTC is an API definition being drafted by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

• It is a free, open project that enables web browsers with Real-Time Communications (RTC) capabilities via simple JavaScript APIs

What is the merit of WebRTC:

• WebRTC enables applications such as voice calling, video chat and P2P file sharing inside the browsers without plugins (or separate clients)

Interactive Voice and Video in your Bowser Today...

Sales Department

But…

• Proprietary – no interoperability

• Requires 3rd party plugins

• Difficult to deploy (permissions, etc...)

• Not available on all platforms, Mobile - iOS & Android

• Needs to be Updated

• Native Browsers cannot support media (Voice & Video)

• Viruses / malware / industrial spying

Video Transition - Market Trends

• Dramatic increase in video conferencing offerings and adoption

• Movement from proprietary to standards-based delivery

• Move from intra-company to inter-company and B2C video collaboration

• From on-prem to cloud/hosted delivery models

• Proliferation of video enabled devices (highly mobile)

• Shift from Closed / Private delivery to over-the-top – IP-based Distribution

• Huge availability of both scripted and user-generated content

From To

Proprietary video conferencing

systems with dedicated infrastructure

Any-to-any (multi-vendor) real-time

video collaboration

From To

Broadcast video delivered linearly to

in-home TV

Over-the-top live and video on-

demand to any device

Collaboration Video

SP Video

Both

Industry Transition

• Dev Op’s

• Driving a need for rapid deployment

• Embedded communications

• Put communications in the tools and systems that need it

• Internet of Things

• Enable more “thing” to “people” communications

• http://www.skybell.com/pages/how-it-works

The Browser Vs. Thick App War

Desktop Environment

Browser Based Applications

Pros• Cross Platform

• Rapid deployment

Yesterday Cons• Require network connectivity

• UI not as rich

• UI does look as good

• Not as fast

• Can not access some local hardware

• Limited multi-media

Browsers Adding More Support

• Audio & video (streaming & real time)

• Offline storage and local databases

• 2D & 3D Graphics

• Background apps, threads

• Screen toast notifications

• Asynchronous notifications

• Cross application security

• Better UI and font control

Browser Support Access to Host

Resource

• Geolocation

• Address book

• Microphone and Camera

• SMS, MMS, Email

• Drag & Drop

Transition

WebRTC Evolution

Evolution of Bowser Based Framework

HTTP (Pre AJAX)

AJAX (2004)

Web Socket (2008)

WebRTC (2012)

Original Web, One Page request returns one page (e.g. Geocities)

Page Can Update without refreshing (e.g. Gmail)

Page Can Establish bi-directional communication (e.g. Trellol)

Page to Page Communications

BrowserServer

BrowserServer

BrowserServer

Browser• Graphic by Jimmy Lee / jimmylee.info

• http://venturebeat.com/2012/08/13/webrtc-is-almost-here-and-it-will-change-the-web/

Browser

Browsers Used to lack UC/Video Capabilities

• Softphone engine

• Real-time voice codecs

• Real-time video codecs

• Real-time data/content sharing

• Call signaling

• Media encryption

Plugins and native apps fill these gaps

• Ability to send media to other endpoints

• Capabilities

• Notifications

• Firewall traversal negotiation

• Peripheral controls

• System activity detection

Drive to remove plugins has accelerated, WebRTC is quickly becoming the default alternative

UC/Video Is Not Broadly Deployable Today in Browsers.Plugins or native apps that browsers can launch are required

And Mobile Browsers Are Not ExtensibleNative mobile apps are required

Browsers Drop Plug-ins Support

• Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox will drop plugin’s support in the near future

Chrome and Firefox leading the charge

“To give people more control over their browser, Firefox will no longer activate most plugins by

default”

https://blog.mozilla.org/futurereleases/2013/09/24/plugin-activation-in-firefox/

“Today’s browsers are speedier, safer, and more capable than their ancestors. Meanwhile, NPAPI’s 90s-era architecture has become a leading cause of hangs, crashes, security incidents, and code complexity. Because of this, Chrome will be phasing

out NPAPI support over the coming year.”

http://blog.chromium.org/2013/09/saying-goodbye-to-our-old-friend-npapi.html

• To avoid disruption to users, Google Chrome will support whitelist the most popular plugin’s

Browsers Workarounds for Plugins

• To avoid disruption to users:

• Google Chrome will support most popular plug-ins

• Firefox also allows workaround for whitelist plugins

Chrome and Firefox Support Select Whitelist Plugins

HTML5 Overview Actually, HTML5 & Friends … Standards Finalizing in Parallel with Implementations

<!DOCTYPE html>

SEMANTICS

<audio>

<video><section>

<header>

<footer>

<output>

<time>MathML

MEDIA & GRAPHICS

WebRTC RTCWeb

<audio> <video> <canvas>

WebGL SVG

OFFLINE / STORAGE

Application CacheIndexedDB localStorage STYLING

border-radius

border-image

columns

backgrounds

shadows

transitions

animations

PERFORMANCE

Web SocketsWeb Workers

XMLHttpRequest

window.history

Drag & Drop

CSS3

Touch Events

Full Screen

INTEGRATION

Geolocation

Key Features

Media Streams• Get User Media: for capturing video and audio from webcam and

microphone

• WebRTC can carry a media source containing one or more

synchronized Media Stream Tracks

• Media should be converted to URL to be played by HTML5

Peer Connection• High quality peer to peer audio/video calls (Peer-to-Peer)

• Codec Control

• Encryption

• Bandwidth Management

Data Channels

• Point-to-Point Application Data Transfer (not supported in any browser)

What Does this mean ?

• It means standalone audio-video chat clients (e.g., Skype) can be replaced with browser based clients

• No need to install any more application. Browsers will do the job

• Once Data Channel feature is also implemented by browsers remote desktop, file transfer, gaming, real time text chat, and many other apps would become possible just from within the browser

What else become possible ?

• Combining with other web technologies will open new doors

• WebGL and HTML5 combined with WebRTC can make an entirely new web experience

• Example: Applying video effects on live streaming video

All these will be possible at very low cost

WebRTC Architecture

Why This is Interesting?

• No VoIP expertise needed

• Enables huge web developer population

• New applications

• Mashable communication components

• Cross platform

Ease of Development

• Distribution = URL

• Datacenter, not individual devices

• Low maintenance

• Rapid updates

Ease of Deployment • Click to access

• Any device

• Reduced need for plugins/native apps

• Extends business comm. systems

Ease of Access

Massive Adoption

Cisco Product Strategy for HTML5 / WebRTCStandards-based, interoperable browser support of WebRTC within 1-2 years

Offer compelling products today, using

existing broadly adopted browser

standards

Architect new products for emerging browser

capabilities, e.g. WebRTC

Plan support for emerging browser capabilities as they

become broadly available

Complement with native platform capabilities if necessary

Progressive adoption by customers & partners over time

Interactive Voice, Video, Data in Web BrowsersA Journey

Browsers

Codecs

Standards

Vendor A Browser

with

Web App X

Vendor B Browser

with

Web App X

Native,

Zero PluginApps

Notable Challenges

Media traversal

through firewalls,

NAT

Securing

browsers and

media

Validating

identity of

person calling

Optimizing

real-time traffic

performance

Browser ArchitectureHigh-level Browser-to-Browser Real-time Communications

Web Server

Web App X via HTTP/HTTPS

(e.g. HTML, CSS, JavaScript)

Voice, Video via SRTP (DTLS)

Identity

Provider

WebRTC Architecture Key Components …..

Web API (Edited by W3C WG)

Your Web Apps

WebRTC

WebRTC C++ API (Peer Connection)

Session management / Abstract signaling (Session)

Voice Engine

isac /iLBC Codec

NetEQ for Voice

Echo Canceler /

Noise Reduction

Audio Capture/Render

Video Engine

VP8 / H.264 Codec

Video Jitter Buffer

Image enhancement

Video Capture

Transport Engine

SRTPc

Multiplexing

P2P

STUN+ TURN+ICE

Network I/O

Web Server

BROWSER

What are the gaps WebRTC limitations

• Session Initiation is not a part of WebRTC.

• Checking for the presence is not part of WebRTC

– Session initiation and Presence should be taken care by the application that embeds WebRTC

• WebRTC is peer-to-peer architecture; no support for One or Many-to-Many (multicast, broadcast)

• Third party libraries provide signaling capabilities

– Cafex Fusion Client SDK provides a framework for developers to embed real-time communications easily within business applications across mobile and browser platforms with no added client or plugin

– https://marketplace.cisco.com/catalog/products/4184

WebRTC Connection Establishment

Client 1 Caller Server Client 2 Calling

2 Connect to Server 2 Connect to Server

1 Providing Signaling Channel

3 Setup PeerConnection

4 Send OFFER To Server5 Distribute Signaling to Other Client

6 Accept Signaling: OFFER

7 Setup PeerConnection

8 Send ANSWER to server9 Distribute Signaling to Other Client

10 Accept Signaling: ANSWER

11 Send OK to Server12 Distribute Signaling to Other Client 13 Stream Establishment

WebRTC Identity

• Browser is configured with identity provider(s) for the user

• User “logs on” to identity provider

• Browser gets assertion from identity provider that binds the DTLS fingerprint to identity

• Calling JavaScript passes assertion to far-end

• Bob’s browser verifies the assertion with identity provider and check DTLS fingerprint matches

• http://www.w3.org/TR/webrtc/#identity-provider-interaction

Oauth /OpenID Connect/facebook

(Identity Provider)

JS App

Alice Browser

JS App

Bob BrowserDTLS/SRTP Media

Calling Website

1

2

33

4

WebRTC Security

SRTP• RTP/SRTP are most commonly used in Voice & Video

over IP implementations

• Sequence numbers, synchronization etc..

• Only Payload is Encrypted

DTLS• DTLS handshake between endpoints to negotiate

encryption keys

• Self-signed Certificates (no traditional PKI)

NAT/Firewall Traversal • STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT)

• TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT)

• ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment)

Browser ArchitectureCloser Look at Enhancements for Real-time Communications

• Access to mic, camera

• Audio, video codecs

• sRTP for interactive media, lip sync, etc

• SRTP media encryption using DTLS keying

• ICE for NAT/firewall traversal

• SCTP/DTLS for real-time data, e.g. games

• SDP-based offer/answer negotiation

Web App (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)

Media Control APIs Other Browser APIs

Camera, Microphone,

Access

Codecs

Audio/Video Engine

RTP Stack

DTLS/SRTP

Transport

ICE

Engine

Offer/Answer Signaling

Controller Data SCTP/DTLS

= enhancement to browser = app using new browser APIs

WebRTC – How Does it Work ?Browser to Non Browser Endpoint

Web Server

Browser

Javascript

SRTP

HTTP

SIP Call Agent

SIP

WebRTC – SIP

WebRTC – MutipointVery High-level Real-time Multipoint Architecture (Subject to Change)

Web Server

Web App via

HTTP/HTTPS

(e.g. HTML, CSS,

JavaScript)

Voice, Video via SRTP

SIP ProxyGW to SIP

SIP

MUTI-POINT CONF

UNIT or

TRANSCODER

Enterprise Endpoints

SIP

Multiple Browsers

WebRTC Standards

Good Progress on Technology Agreement Significant Progress made this year by standard bodies

CONVERGING

•Audio Codecs.. G.711, Opus

•Signaling: SDP-based offer/answer using JavaScript

•Firewall/NAT Traversal … ICE, STUN, TURN

•Media Encryption: DTLS-keyed SRTP

•Media Consent: ICE/STUN/TURN

•Identity: Identity Provider Model

•QoS … DiffServ Code Point markings to enhance

WiFi, residential GWs, LTE links

•Both Video Codec(s) VP8 Vs H.264 are supported,

IETF Decision Made!

‒ http://www.ietf.org/mail-

archive/web/rtcweb/current/msg13432.html

TBD

•Cisco Announced FreeOpenH264 Project

‒ Mozilla Announced Firefox will use OpenH264

•Congestion Control …

‒ Goals = Minmize latency, Quick Reaction,

Consistent data flow

•Screen/Application Sharing

•Recording

•Simulcast Video

•Trickle ICE

•Port reduction with Bundle

•Partial Offer / Answer

Standards EffortsCisco Playing Key Role

• RTCWeb Working Group

‒ Primary effort in IETF

‒ Cullen Jennings of Cisco is co-chair

• Defining how browsers communicate with

others … largely re-using existing protocols

• Notable documents …

draft-ietf-rtcweb-audio draft-ietf-rtcweb-data-channel

draft-ietf-rtcweb-jsep draft-ietf-rtcweb-overview

draft-ietf-rtcweb-qos draft-ietf-rtcweb-rtp-usage

draft-ietf-rtcweb-security-arch

draft-ietf-rtcweb-use-cases-and-requirements

• WebRTC Working Group

‒ Primary effort in W3C

‒ Cullen Jennings of Cisco co-authors draft

‒ Keith Griffin of Cisco is co-author for the

data/screen sharing draft

• Defining how Web applications access browser

real-time communications, i.e. API’s

• Notable documents …

‒ WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers

‒ Media Capture and Streams

‒ Media Capture Scenarios

Open Source H.264 to Enable WebRTC Adoption

• Cisco and Firefox make a H.264 Video endpoint calls a Firefox browser via WebRTC-Enabled Cisco Spark

• http://blogs.cisco.com/collaboration/industry-first-h-264-video-endpoint-calls-firefox-via-webrtc-enabled-project-squared

• Google Chrome is considering how to add support for H.264 in its browser

• Additional information available at: http://www.openh264.org

• Spark:

https://web.ciscospark.com/

Browser Support for WebRTC

Browser Evolution http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com

Browser Support of HTML5Steadily Increasing Trend Across Browsers

Chrome

• [37] 512

• [35] 507

• [32] 505

• [30] 501

• [26] 494

• [18] 408

• [10] 345

Firefox

• [32] 475

• [31] 577

• [30] 467

• [28] 448

• [26] 446

• [24] 436

• [17] 397

Internet Explorer

• [DG] 378

• [11] 376

• [10] 335

• [9] 128

• [8] 43

• [7] 27

Opera

• [24] 504

• [22] 498

• [20] 496

• [16] 494

• [441

• 392

Safari

• [8.0] 429

• [7.0] 397

• [6.0] 380

• [5.1] 305

• [5.0] 246

HTML 5 TestsHow Well Does your browser support HTML 5

Current

Older

Upcoming

• Browser passes all tests it could receive a maximum score of 555

• Older browser versions of the HTML5 only evaluated against fewer tests -

resulted in lower maximum score

Browser Implementations of WebRTCMany Versions Coming to Market

Google Chrome

•Initial desktop implementation in Chrome 23 Stable &

later

•Initial mobile implementation in Chrome 26 for Android

Beta

•H.264 support in ChromeOS 39/40 for Chrome Book

•Actively contributing to standards efforts, & open

source, e.g. WebRTC.org

Microsoft Internet Explorer•MS announce WebRTC support through ORTC API,

contributing and improving the ORTC API for WebRTC

standards efforts

•Conflicting statements about WebRTC 1.1….

Mozilla Firefox• OpenH.264 is supported in Firefox

33

• Actively working on open source

implementation & contributing to

standards efforts

Apple Safari• Maintaining strict secrecy

Microsoft Security and Patch Support

• Beginning January 12, 2016, only current version of Internet Explorer available for a supported operating system will receive technical support and security updates.

• http://support2.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search/?sort=PN&alpha=internet+explorer

• Microsoft announces support for WebRTC technlogy and will be supporting the ORTC API in Internet Explorer.

• http://venturebeat.com/2014/10/27/microsoft-eyes-webrtc-for-plugin-free-skype-calls-in-internet-explorer/

• Spartan Bowser will most likely be the future MS browser

Transition To Cloud & Security

Cloud Data

• Huge amount of data in the cloud including WebRTC further adds..

• Large amounts of collection by governments and less legal entities

• Continuous stream of financial losses

Don’t Panic

Multi –User Security with Content Privacy (new-way)

• Endpoint transmitter encrypts and authenticates content

• Multi-point server verifies authentication, modifies RTP header and re-authenticates

• Key used for media encryption is not known to server

• Endpoint receiver authenticates packet and decrypt media

Header Enclosed Payload Header

Header Enclosed Payload Header

Header Enclosed Payload Header

Verify

Authentication

A

B

C

RTP Processing

WebRTC, Privacy, TOR and VPN

• WebRTC API allows a webpage to get your IP addresses

• This includes, public, private, and multi-homed

• Needed to provide these to the other side to send peer to peer traffic

• Web servers have always got your public address

• Running a split tunnel VPN, it reveals both external interfaces

• User in Canada VPN into the US so you look american to netflix, a netflix web client might be able to figure out that one of your public IPs is in Canada and one is in the US

• Using a VPN to hide your location, don’t use a split tunnel

• Many enterprises have a policy against using split VPN

Interoperability with Enterprise

Communications

Key Interoperability Considerations

How standards-compliant are signaling implementations in the

gateway & business system?

Can the business endpoint speak G.711 or Opus for voice?

Can the business endpoint speak VP8 or H.264?

Does the business endpoint support DTLS SRTP?

Does the business endpoint support ICE?

Potential Interoperability Solutions?

• Enterprise Communications Vendors

• Build gateway capabilities into their systems

• Build native support into their systems

• Integration Vendors

• Build gateway capabilities into their products

• Service Providers

• Offer native capabilities that interoperate with their services

• Offer gateway services

• Cloud Services

• Offer gateway services

WebRTC Solution

Future WebEx Browser Meeting Experience

• HTML5 & Web RTC based WebEx Client

• Join fast into your meeting No install or plug-in

• Currently in Internal Beta only

• Key Capability: • For Attendees only

• VoIP on WebRTC (Chrome, Firefox)

• Video on WebRTC (Firefox, Chromebook Future)

• Participant List

• Hybrid Audio

• View & Share

• Chat

Subject To Change

Jabber Guest Fundamentals Precursor to WebRTC

• Session ID BRKUCC 2086

• Customer Connection Program

https://communities.cisco.com/community/technology/collaboration/usergroups

Required Components

Guest User Experience

• Desktop browser

• Mobile application

• SDK (mobile app or Web-based)

Enterprise DMZ

• Cisco Expressway–E

(OR VCS–E)

• X8.2 or later

Enterprise Network

• Jabber® Guest virtual machine

• Cisco Expressway–C (or VCS–C) x8.2 or later

• Cisco Unified Communications Manager 8.6 or

later and registered endpoints

• Optional: MCU/Telepresence/Contact Center

Video Chat

Real-Time Expert HelpConsumer Experience

Precursor WebRTC - Jabber Guest Call Flow

Expressway/VCS

Core X8.2+Expressway/VCS

Edge X8.2+

Home Internet DMZ Enterprise

Cisco® UCMJabber® Guest

HTTPS-based

call control (ROAP)

SIP

RTP/SRTP

STUN/TURN

• Serves up Javascript call control based on URL

• For mobile, uses Cisco® app from app store or integrates SDK into third-party app

• For laptop browsers, initiates H.264 add-on install as needed (Cisco or 3rd-party Web app)

• Converts HTTPS call request to SIP INVITE

Jabber Guest …

• Firefox Hello, simple

and easiest way to

connect for free over

video with anyone,

anywhere

• Share a link and have

remote party join a

video call from Firefox

browser

Firefox Hello

Remote Expert MobilePlugin less Approach with Minimal Transcoding

Supports VP8 to H.264 Transcoding for WebRTC compliant browsers

Guarantees compatibility between WebRTC endpoints and immersive, desktop and traditional video end points

Mobile Advisor supports both H.264 and VP8. As a result, no transcoding occurs when a smartphone or a tablet app connects to an H.264 end point

Mobile apps powered by RE Mobile switch between

codecs to minimize transcoding

VP8

InternetREM

Media

BrokerH.264 H.264

InternetREM

Media

BrokerVP8 VP8

H.264

InternetREM

Media

BrokerVP8

Zero transcoding

VP8 to H.264 transcoding

Google Chrome

& VP8 only

browsers

Google Chrome

H.264 endpoints

H.264 endpoints

VP8 to H.264 transcoding

webrtc2SIP

Web Browser

Java Scripts

SIP Stack

SDP Stack

WebRTC

RTCWeb Breaker

Media Coder

Click-to-Call

webrtc2SIP

SIP Proxy

SIP

Media

PSTN

IMS/LTE/

SIP

• webrtc2sip is a smart and powerful gateway using RTCWeb and SIP to turn your browser into a phone

with audio, video and SMS capabilities

• The gateway contains four modules: SIP Proxy | RTCWeb Breaker | Media Coder | Click-to-Call. The

gateway allows your web browser to make and receive calls from/to any SIP-legacy network or PSTN.

• http://webrtc2sip.org - They have sample demos you can explore

Webrtc2sip gateway allows your web browser to make and receive calls from/to any SIP-legacy network or

PSTN.

Carrier Support for WebRTC• ATT launches commercial support for WebRTC

Via it’s AT&T enhanced WebRTC API

• AT&T Enhanced WebRTC API is available to developer through an open beta program

• Valuable tool for developers and customers; will spur growth by eliminating a key barrier to adoption

• Caller ID for WebRTC communications:

• It can use end user's AT&T mobile number for calls placed from WebRTC-enabled browsers.

• Enables end users to move or transfer a call starting on a PC, MAC or tablet to a smartphone.

• http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/att-to-become-first-us-carrier-to-launch-commercial-support-for-webrtc-300015750.html

AT&T Becomes First U.S.

Carrier To Launch

Commercial Support For

WebRTC

PeerCDN

• Web Browsers can serve contents to other browsers instead of the server

• Help with speed and scalability, dramatically reduces bandwidth costs

• Pure JavaScript -lightweight, and doesn't require users to install anything

• Developed by three college student as part their Summer Program

• PeerCDN is now part of Yahoo!

New Kind of CDN using WebRTC

Web Server Browser shares static resources (images and file downloads) over a peer-to-peer network

WebRTC Use Cases -Demos

Key Use CasesVoice & Video | Enterprise Contact Centers | Telco-OTT | Unified Communications

Conferencing| Kiosks | Social Communication | Entertainment | Education Apps |IMS Extension

Get a feel for WebRTC

• https://apprtc.appspot.com

• http://www.sipml5.org/call.htm

• http://webcamtoy.com/

• http://vod-rcd-002.cisco.com/webrtc/call.html

• http://ctxs.co/translate/

• http://webcamtoy.com/

• http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/

Reference

• Read the specifications:

http://w3c.github.io/webrtc-pc/

http://w3c.github.io/mediacapture-main/

http://tools.ietf.org/wg/rtcweb/

• WebRTC Books :

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920030911.do

http://webrtcbook.com/

many more books coming out this year…

• Join the community mailing lists of ISOC supported standards organizations

•W3C: Send email with "subscribe" to public-webrtc-request@w3.org

•IETF: https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/rtcweb

WebRTC Advantages

• Accessed through JavaScript API

• Does not require plugins, downloads or installs

• Multiple browsers

• Platform agnostics

• Video Convergence

• Accelerate Internet of Everything initiative

In Closing..

Cisco is Committed to WebRTC technology

Cisco is driving standards & adopting WebRTC in our solutions…

Polling – Open Dialog & Q&A

• What type of browsers version are using in your organization ?

Are you limited to Internet Explorer, are you open to other browser vendors ?

• What kind’s of pressure are you getting from your organization to deploy WebRTC?

Are you needing to deploy applications that have no plugins?

• What are your end customer asking you ?

• What other platform support would you require for WebRTC ?

• Anything else on your mind regarding WebRTC…

• How can Cisco help to drive WebRTC adoption in your environment...

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