performance of grain sorghum hybrids in louisiana 2012

Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana 2012

LAES Research

Summary No. 195 December 2012

Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana 2012 LAES Research Summary No. 195

This publication and the research reported herein were supported in part by checkoff funds from the LOUISIANA SOYBEAN AND GRAIN RESEARCH AND PROMOTION BOARD.

This support is greatly appreciated.

LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL CENTER William B. Richardson, Chancellor

LOUISIANA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION David Boethel, Vice Chancellor and Director

LOUISIANA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE Paul Coreil, Vice Chancellor and Director

The Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station provide equal opportunities in programs and employment.

Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids in Louisiana, 2012 H.J. “Rick”Mascagni, Jr., Kelly Arceneaux, Sebe Brown, Millie Deloach, Jacob Fluitt,

Dustin Harrell, Steve Harrison, Clayton Hollier, David Kerns, John Kruse, James Leonards, Josh Lofton, Boyd Padgett, Ron Regan, and Sarah Sterling

Performance of grain sorghum hybrids is annually evaluated by Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (LAES) researchers. The purpose of these trials is to provide to Louisiana growers, seedsmen, county agents of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES), and other interested individuals and organizations with unbiased performance data for commercial grain sorghum hybrids submitted for evaluation by private agencies.

The cooperating LAES units in 2012 were: Rice Research Station, Crowley; Central Research Station, Baton Rouge; Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria; Red River Research Station, Bossier City; Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph; and Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro.

Procedure

In 2012, 14 grain sorghum hybrids were entered in the LAES yield trials. Soil type, cultural practices, location summaries, and weather graphs are listed prior to data tables for each location. In weather graphs, maximum and minimum temperatures are weekly averages and rainfall weekly totals. At St. Joseph, there was a non-irrigated and irrigated trial.

The experimental design at each location was a randomized complete block design with four or five replications. Traits measured and rating scales are listed in Table 1. Analysis of variance and least significant differences (LSD) were computed using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). We used the protected F-test, which means LSDs were calculated only if differences among hybrids existed at the 90% confidence level. If differences were significant, an LSD at the 10% probability level was calculated. If the LSD (0.10) for yield in a trial is 400 lb/acre, there is a 10% chance that two hybrids with a reported yield difference of 400 lb/acre are genetically equal and a 90% probability they have differences in genetic potential in that particular environment. LSD values are influenced by how well soil fertility, stand establish-ment, plot length, harvest efficiency, and other variables are controlled and by number of replications for each hybrid. The letters NS are used in the text and tables to indicate lack of significance (not significantly different) at the 10% probability level. The coefficient of

H.J. “Rick” Mascagni, Jr., Professor and Coordinator, Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA 71366; Sebe Brown, David Kerns, and Josh Lofton, Assistant Area Agent – Northeast Research Station, Associate Professor, and Assistant Professor, Macon Ridge Research Station, Winnsboro, LA 71295; Kelly Arceneaux and Steve Harrison, Research Associate and Professor, School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; Millie Deloach, John Kruse, and Boyd Padgett, Research Associate, Assistant Professor/Specialist, and Central Regional Director, Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria, LA 71302; Dustin Harrell, Jacob Fluitt, James Leonards, and Ron Regan, Associate Professor, and Research Associates, Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA 70527; Clayton Hollier, Professor, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; Sarah Sterling, Research Associate, Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA 71113;

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variation (CV) reflects the magnitude of experimental error (random variation not accounted for by hybrids and replications) in relation to the trial mean. A high CV means that relative differences among hybrids were not consistent among replications, which reduces the precision of a test.

Table 1. Traits and rating scales for LAES grain sorghum performance trials.

Trait Abbreviation Description

Yield Yield Grain yield @ 14.0% harvest grain moisture, lb/a (2012)

2-year yield average 2-yr avg Average grain yield for 2011 and 2012, lb/a

Grain moisture Gr Mo Grain moisture at harvest, %

Test weight Test wt Volume weight of grain, lb/bu

Heading date Mid-head Date of head emergence in 50% of plants, days after planting (DAP)

Plant height Plt ht Height from ground to flag leaf, inches (in)

Head type Head type Head type is a measure of head architecture, with ratings of 1-5; 1-compact, 3-intermediate, and 5-open

Head exertion Head exert Distance from flag leaf to base of head, in

Lodging Lo Estimate of lodged plants, %

Anthracnose Blight Anthrac Rating of anthracnose symptoms on foliage and stems, where a ‘0’ indicates none and a ‘9’ indicates severe symptoms.

Bird damage Bird Average percent of head damaged, %

Results

Yield data for 2012 and two-year averages (2011 and 2012) and other agronomic data for each location are presented in Tables 2-7. The Winnsboro location is not reported due to very low yield and excessive variability among plots. Yields for the hybrids in the highest-yielding group for 2012 (yields falling within one LSD value) are in bold print. Hybrids in bold print with a single asterisk are in the highest-yielding group for both years, 2011 and 2012. A location summary, soil type, cultural practices, and weather information are listed prior to data tables for each location. Yield summary across Louisiana for 2012 is presented in Table 8 and participating seed companies are listed in Table 9. There were four seed companies that participated in the 2012 grain sorghum hybrid performance trials.

For additional information on corn trials, please contact Dr. Rick Mascagni, Northeast Research Station, P.0. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA 71366 (Ph: 318-766-3769; Fax: 318-766-4278; e-mail: [email protected]);

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mailto:[email protected]

Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Dean Lee Research Station – Alexandria

Location Summary

Rainfall was relatively low in May and June (see below). Maximum temperatures were in the low 90’s. Yields ranged from 7,850 to 10,238 lb/a, with a trial average of 9,019 lb/a, There were six hybrids in the high-yielding group in 2012, averaging 9,672 lb/a. There were two hybrids that were in the high-yielding group for both years, 2011 and 2012. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 2.

Soil type Moreland clay Tillage In the fall, applied 0-18-36 @ 175

lb/a, subsoiled, and rehipped. Row spacing 38 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/ft Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 2 Fertilization Sidedress: 30-0-0-2 @ 150 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: Bicep II Mag @ 1.6

qt/a; Insecticides Silencer @ 4 oz/a (4/2);

Grizzly Z @ 3 oz/a (6/18); Baythoid @ 1.3 oz/a (6/25); Baythoid @ 2 oz/a (7/2);

Harvest date July 30

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Table 2. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Alexandria, 2012.

Brand/hybrid 2012 Yield1 2-yr avg2

Gr mo

Test wt

Mid- head Plt ht

Head exert

Head type Bird

lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % Dekalb DKS53-67* 10,238 9,366 16.0 61.0 57 54 3 2 0 Pioneer 84G62* 10,016 9,468 15.9 59.9 60 56 2 2 0 REV® RV9782™ 9,654 - 15.9 60.0 56 52 4 1 5 Pioneer 84G77 9,500 - 15.6 58.0 60 57 4 3 10 Dekalb DKS51-01 9,454 - 15.8 59.0 58 58 5 3 5 REV® RV9883™ 9,168 - 14.9 58.8 57 57 3 2 5 Pioneer 84P80 8,896 - 16.1 60.0 57 59 2 2 0 Dyna-Gro 771B 8,765 8,402 14.5 58.2 61 51 2 2 0 Dyna-Gro 780B 8,711 8,081 15.1 59.5 61 61 2 1 0 REV® RV9823™ 8,545 - 15.7 53.4 60 55 6 3 0 REV® RV9953™ 8,540 - 15.9 58.9 61 55 3 1 5 REV® RV9803™ 8,478 - 14.7 59.2 55 43 3 3 0 Dyna-Gro 772B 8,453 8,194 15.4 58.0 57 56 4 3 0 REV® RV9973™ 7,850 - 17.4 58.9 61 49 2 2 5 Average 9,019 15.6 58.8 58 54 3 2 5 CV, % 9 4 4 1 9 16 18 138 LSD (0.10) 1,132 1.0 NS3 1 NS 1 1 NS

1Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 2012. 2 Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 2011

and 2012. 3NS = Non-significant at the 0.10 probability level

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Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Central Research Station – Baton Rouge

Location Summary

May rainfall was low, however rainfall was plentiful in June and July (see below). Maximum temperatures averaged in the mid-80’s. Yields ranged from 2,667 to 4,630 lb/a, with a trial average of 3,712 lb/a (Table 3). There were three hybrids that fell within the highest-yielding group in 2012. Two hybrids did well both years, 2011 and 2012. Anthracnose symptoms ranged from 4 to 6 across hybrids (Table 3). Bird damage ranged from 30 to 75% head damage.

Soil type Commerce silty clay loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 30 inch Seeding rate 5 seed/ft Previous crop

Soybeans

Planting date April 27 Fertilization Sidedress: 30-0-0-2 @ 90 lb N/a; Herbicides Pre-emerge: Atrazine @ 2 qt/a +Dual

@ 1.5 pt/a;

Insecticides Pounce @ 2 oz/a (at flowering)

Harvest date August 15

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Table 3. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Baton Rouge, 2012.

Brand/hybrid 2012 Yield1

2-yr avg2 Gr mo

Test wt

Mid- head

Plt ht Anthrac Bird

lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in 0-9 % Pioneer 84G62* 4,630 4,944 21.0 56.4 71 49 5 45 REV® RV9782™ 4,441 - 17.3 56.0 64 47 4 35 Dekalb DKS53-67* 3,972 4,858 20.4 55.3 69 52 5 40 Pioneer 84G77 3,830 - 19.3 55.7 74 50 6 40 Dyna-Gro 772B 3,799 4,595 18.3 53.0 68 51 4 45 REV® RV9973™ 3,771 - 23.4 55.3 74 52 4 30 Pioneer 84P80 3,655 - 20.7 56.3 70 51 5 60 Dyna-Gro 771B 3,642 4,016 19.4 53.4 71 50 4 40 REV® RV9803™ 3,628 - 18.7 54.8 68 50 4 75 Dyna-Gro 780B 3,591 3,719 20.6 56.3 74 54 4 40 REV® RV9823™ 3,249 - 21.2 54.7 73 51 6 45 REV® RV9953™ 3,114 - 21.6 55.1 75 50 5 30 REV® RV9883™ 2,769 - 21.6 53.1 72 53 5 55 Dekalb DKS51-01 2,667 - 22.5 54.5 73 54 6 75 Average 3,712 20.2 55.0 71 50 5 45 CV, % 15 5 2 4 3 30 30 LSD (0.10) 674 1.2 1.2 4 3 NS3 25



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Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Red River Research Station – Bossier City

Location Summary

Rainfall was low April through June (see below). Maximum temperatures after mid-June were in the low 90’s. Yields ranged from 2,878 to 5,192 lb/a, with a trial average of 4,124 lb/a (Table 4).There were eight hybrids that fell within the highest-yielding group in 2012. Lodging was extensive, ranging from 0 to 85%. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 4.

Soil type Moreland silty clay loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 40 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/ft Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 12 Fertilization Sidedress: 30-0-0-2 @ 130 lb N/a; Herbicides

Preemerge: Atrazine @ 3 pt/a + Dual @ 1.5 pt/a; Postemerge: Gramoxone @ 1.5 pt/a;

Insecticides

Karate @ 1.75 oz/a (6/18);

Harvest date July 31

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Table 4. Performance of grain sorghum hybrids at Bossier City, 2012.

Brand/hybrid 2012 Yield1

Gr mo Test wt

Mid- Head

Plt ht

Head exert

Head type Lo Bird

lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % % REV® RV9973™ 5,192 14.3 60.0 58 54 5 2 0 10 REV® RV9823™ 5,084 14.0 60.5 57 59 5 1 5 15 REV® RV9953™ 5,013 14.6 59.5 58 53 5 1 10 10 REV® RV9803™ 4,919 14.4 59.0 54 53 4 3 15 0 Dyna-Gro 771B 4,657 13.5 58.6 56 53 3 3 15 5 Dyna-Gro 780B 4,651 13.9 60.2 58 59 3 1 40 15 REV® RV9883™ 4,569 14.2 58.7 55 59 4 1 15 5 Pioneer 84G77 4,524 14.3 58.8 57 53 5 2 10 10 Dekalb DKS53-67 4,300 14.7 59.7 57 54 3 2 30 5 Dekalb DKS51-01 3,531 13.4 58.9 56 56 6 3 15 5 REV® RV9782™ 3,367 12.9 60.3 53 52 3 1 65 5 Pioneer 84G62 3,229 14.6 59.1 56 54 3 2 45 0 Pioneer 84P80 2,909 13.2 58.7 56 57 3 1 85 5 Dyna-Gro 772B 2,878 14.8 57.4 57 54 6 3 40 15 Average 4,124 14.0 59.1 56 55 4 2 30 5 CV, % 15 7 2 2 5 39 37 66 124 LSD (0.10) 744 NS2 1.3 1 3 2 1 25 NS

1Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 2012. No data available in 2011.

2 NS = Non-significant at the 0.10 probability level

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Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Rice Research Station – Crowley

Location Summary

Rainfall was relatively well distributed throughout the growing season (see below). Maximum temperatures reached the low 90’s in late June. Yields ranged from 3,150 to 5,186 lb/a, with a trial average of 4,633 lb/a (Table 5). There were 12 hybrids falling within the highest-yielding group in 2012. Two hybrids did well both years, 2011 and 2012. Leaf disease, primarily Anthracnose, ranged from 10 to 35% of leaf being affected. Other agronomic data are presented in Table 5.

Soil type Crowley silt loam Tillage Conventional Row spacing 30 inch Seeding rate 5 seed/ft Previous crop Fallow Planting date April 19 Fertilization Sidedress: 0-24-24-2.8 @ 260 lb /a;

46-0-0 @ 90 lb N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: Atrazine @ 2 qt/a + Dual

Magnum @ 1.5 pt/a; Postemerge: Atrazine @ 1 pt/a + Dual Magnum @ 1.1 pt/a + Permit @ 0.75 oz/a + Facet @ 0.3 lb/a;

Insecticides Karate Z @ 2 oz/a (5/18 and 5/23); Harvest date August 16

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Table 5. Performance of grain sorhum hybrids at Crowley, 2012. Brand/hybrid

2012 Yield1

2-yr avg2 Gr mo

Test wt

Mid- head

Plt ht

Head exert

Head type

Leaf dis

Bird

lb/a lb/a % lb/bu DAP in in 1-5 % % Dyna-Gro 772B 5,186 4,652 17.0 57.4 68 47 6 2 25 15 REV® RV9953™ 5,174 - 18.1 56.4 74 45 3 2 10 0 Pioneer 84P80 5,173 - 17.4 57.3 67 48 3 2 20 25 Dyna-Gro 771B* 5,134 5,199 16.5 57.7 67 47 2 2 25 25 REV® RV9782™ 5,098 - 16.8 57.8 67 47 5 2 25 20 Dyna-Gro 780B 4,964 4,990 17.8 56.9 73 47 2 1 15 0 Pioneer 84G62* 4,725 5,258 17.5 57.2 69 46 4 2 20 15 REV® RV9883™ 4,687 - 17.6 57.0 66 49 5 2 25 15 Dekalb DKS51-01 4,644 - 17.9 56.7 72 50 5 2 15 5 REV® RV9973™ 4,568 - 18.0 56.6 73 46 3 2 15 0 Pioneer 84G77 4,451 - 17.9 56.8 70 44 2 2 30 10 REV® RV9803™ 4,312 - 17.2 57.4 68 47 6 3 35 15 Dekalb DKS53-67 4,182 4,840 18.1 56.5 68 46 3 1 15 20 REV® RV9823™ 3,150 - 17.4 57.1 68 47 4 1 10 10 Average 4,633 17.6 57.0 69 47 4 2 20 15 CV, % 16 4 1 3 4 42 19 43 36 LSD (0.10) 875 NS3 NS 2 2 2 1 10 5



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Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance Trial at the Northeast Research Station – St. Joseph

Location Summary

Rainfall was low April through June (see below). There was one furrow-irrigation (6/28) in the irrigated trial (Table 7). Yields ranged from 7,279 to 8,803 lb/a in non-irrigated trial (Table 6) and 6,683 to 8,241 lb/a in irrigated trial (Table 7). There were three hybrids in non-irrigated and seven hybrids in irrigated trial that fell within the highest-yielding group in 2012. There was one hybrid in the irrigated trial that did well in 2011 and 2012 (Table 7). Other agronomic data are presented in Tables 6 and 7.

Soil type Sharkey clay Tillage Stale seedbed with no spring

cultivation. Row spacing 40 inch Seeding rate 6-7 seed/a Previous crop Cotton Planting date April 13 Fertilization Sidedress: 30-0-0-2 @ 125 lb

N/a; Herbicides Preemerge: Atrazine @ 1.5 qt/a

+ Dual @ 1 pt/a + Roundup @ 1 qt/a + Asana @ 2 oz/a; Postemerge: Atrazine @ 1 qt/a + Linuron @ 1 pt/a + 1% COC (v/v);

Insecticides Baythroid @ 2 oz/a (June 2); Karate @ 2 oz/a (6/28 and 7/9);

Harvest date August 27-30

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Table 6. Performance of non-irrigated grain sorghum hybrids at St. Joseph, 2012. Brand/hybrid

2012 Yield1

Gr mo Mid- head

Plt ht

Head exert

Head type

Bird

lb/a % DAP in in 1-5 % Pioneer 84P80 8,803 15.5 58 56 1 4 10 Dekalb DKS53-67 8,503 17.2 57 57 6 3 10 REV® RV9782™ 8,405 16.0 56 56 2 3 10 REV® RV9883™ 8,304 16.4 60 58 2 3 10 Dyna-Gro 771B 8,197 15.0 56 56 4 3 10 Dekalb DKS51-01 8,143 16.3 59 61 7 3 15 Pioneer 84G62 8,123 16.1 58 52 1 3 5 REV® RV9953™ 8,120 17.2 60 56 3 3 10 Dyna-Gro 780B 8,111 15.0 58 58 4 1 10 Dyna-Gro 772B 7,788 15.9 58 54 5 4 10 REV® RV9823™ 7,684 17.1 59 60 5 2 10 REV® RV9803™ 7,434 15.3 58 52 3 4 5 Pioneer 84G77 7,378 16.2 58 56 6 3 10 REV® RV9973™ 7,279 17.5 60 56 2 3 5 Average 8,042 16.2 58 56 3 3 10 CV, % 4 6 1 3 27 11 51 LSD (0.10) 412 1.2 1 3 2 1 5

1Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 2012.

Table 7. Performance of irrigated grain sorghum hybrids at St. Joseph, 2012. Brand/hybrid

2012 Yield1

2-yr avg2 Gr mo Mid- head

Plt ht

Head exert

Head type

Bird

lb/a lb/a % DAP in in 1-5 % Pioneer 84P80 8,241 - 14.8 58 60 2 4 10 Dyna-Gro 771B 7,971 5,959 13.9 58 54 4 4 10 Pioneer 84G62 7,853 6,031 15.0 57 53 3 4 5 Dekalb DKS51-01 7,826 - 14.9 60 57 6 3 10 REV® RV9782™ 7,800 - 14.7 57 55 3 3 5 Dekalb DKS53-67* 7,721 6,315 15.8 58 54 4 3 5 REV® RV9883™ 7,685 - 15.0 60 58 3 4 5 Dyna-Gro 780B 7,498 6,144 14.6 60 60 4 2 5 REV® RV9953™ 7,438 - 15.9 60 53 4 3 5 Pioneer 84G77 7,379 - 14.7 58 56 4 3 10 REV® RV9973™ 7,066 - 15.9 61 56 5 3 5 REV® RV9823™ 6,954 - 15.4 60 56 4 3 5 REV® RV9803™ 6,838 - 14.0 59 50 4 4 5 Dyna-Gro 772B 6,683 5,402 14.8 59 55 6 4 10 Average 7,541 15.0 59 56 4 3 5 CV, % 7 6 2 3 34 14 41 LSD (0.10) 653 1.0 2 3 NS3 1 5

1Yields in bold denote hybrids that are in the highest-yielding group in 2012. 2 Hybrids in bold with an asterisk (*) were in the highest-yielding group in both years, 2011 and 2012. 3NS = Non-significant at the 0.10 probability level

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Table 8. Summary of yield performance of grain sorghum hybrids at five locations in the 2012 LAES hybrid performance trials1.

Brand/Hybrid Alex BR BC CR SJ-NI SJ-I Avg. lb/a Dekalb DKS51-01 9,454 2,667 3,531 4,644 8,143 7,826 6,044 Dekalb DKS53-67 10,238 3,972 4,300 4,182 8,503 7,721 6,486 Dyna-Gro 771B 8,765 3,642 4,657 5,134 8,197 7,971 6,394 Dyna-Gro 772B 8,453 3,799 2,878 5,186 7,788 6,683 5,798 Dyna-Gro 780B 8,711 3,591 4,651 4,964 8,111 7,498 6,254 Pioneer 84G62 10,016 4,630 3,229 4,725 8,123 7,853 6,429 Pioneer 84G77 9,500 3,830 4,524 4,451 7,378 7,379 6,177 Pioneer 84P80 8,896 3,655 2,909 5,173 8,803 8,241 6,280 REV® RV9782™ 9,654 4,441 3,367 5,098 8,405 7,800 6,461 REV® RV9803™ 8,478 3,628 4,919 4,312 7,434 6,838 5,935 REV® RV9823™ 8,545 3,249 5,084 3,150 7,684 6,954 5,778 REV® RV9883™ 9,168 2,769 4,569 4,687 8,304 7,685 6,197 REV® RV9953™ 8,540 3,114 5,013 5,174 8,120 7,438 6,233 REV® RV9973™ 7,850 3,771 5,192 4,568 7,279 7,066 5,954 Average 9,019 3,712 4,124 4,633 8,042 7,541

1Alex = Alexandria; BR = Baton Rouge; BC = Bossier City; CR = Crowley; SJ-NI = St. Joseph (non-irrigated); SJ-I = St. Joseph (irrigated).

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Table 9. List of participating seed companies and hybrids tested in the LAES 2012 grain sorghum hybrid performance trials.

Company Brand/hybrid Crop Production Services Dyna-Gro Seed Dyna-Gro 771B, Dyna-Gro 772B, Dyna Gro 780B 11 Gin Rd. Rayville, LA 71269 Monsanto Company Dekalb DKS51-01, Dekalb DKS53-67 982 U.S. Hwy. 77 Bishop, TX 78343 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Pioneer 84G62, Pioneer 84G77, Pioneer 84P80 700 Boulevard South – Suite 302 Huntsville, AL 35802 Terral Seed, Inc. REV® RV9782™ , REV® RV9803™, REV® RV9823™, 604 Blount St. REV® RV9883™, REV® RV9953™, REV® RV9973™ Lake Providence, LA 71254

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performance of grain sorghum hybrids in louisiana 2012

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