performance comparison of dimple pleat separator and

Performance Comparison of Dimple Pleat Separator and Ribbon Separator

Radial Flow HEPA Fi l ters.

Paxton K. Gi f f in, M ichael S. Parsons, John A. Wi lson, and Charles A. Waggoner

Insti tute for Clean Energy Technology M ississippi State Universi ty

32nd Nuclear A i r Cleaning Conference June 17-19, 2012

Denver, CO

Introduction AG-1 Fi l ter Qual i f ication

– Currently no Qual i f ied Fi l ters – TWG Cri tical ly Reviewed Qual i f ication Status

Existing Data – Dated (1990) – Limi ted Particle Size Distribution – Limi ted Characterization

Need for Fi l ter Li fecycle Loading Data Need for Testing at Condi tions Representative of Actual Use (Elevated Temperature & Relative Humidi ty Condi tions)

2

Dimple Pleat Separators

3

A B C D

Filter Type Safe Change

Remote Change

# of Pleats 345 330 Media (m2) 29.73 29.17 Interior Diameter (cm) 33.02 27.94

– M anufacturer : Flanders Fi l ters – Rated Flow: 56.6m3/min (2000 CFM ) – Two Versions: Safe Change (A & B) and

Remote Change (C & D)

Ribbon Separators – M anufacturer : Vokes Ai r (UK) – Rated Flow: 56.6m3/min (2000 CFM ) – Larger Annulus Diameter than Dimple Pleated Fi l ters

(35.6 cm (14in.))

4

Fi l ter Separators

Dimple Pleat Ribbon Separated

5

Ambient Temperature/RH

6

Elevated Temperature/RH

7

Test Data Presented

8

Chal lenge Aerosol PSD

9

M ass Loading Curves Ambient Condi tions – Dimple Pleated Fi l ters

10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure

(KPa

)

Mass (grams)

Safe Change - Carbon Black


Remote Change - Carbon Black


Remote Change - AZ Road Dust


Safe Change - AZ Road Dust

Remote Change - Alumina

Safe Change - Alumina


Ambient Condi tions – M ass Loading Curve Comparison

11

800g 1000g

1500g

Ambient Condi tion Resul ts Fi l tering Ef f iciency and Downstream Concentration vs. Di f ferential Pressure

Chal lenge Aerosol : A lumina

12

Ambient Condi tion Resul ts Penetration Curves

13

300 nm

Elevated Condi tion Resul ts Dimple Pleat Fi l ter Tests

14

Elevated Condi tion Resul ts Ribbon Separator Fi l ter Tests

15

Dimple Pleat Testing Images

16

Ribbon Separator Testing Images

17

18

Post Rupture Images Dimple Pleat Fi l ter – Ambient Condi tions

19

Post Rupture Images Dimple Pleat Fi l ter – Elevated Temperature and Relative

Humidi ty

Post Rupture Images Ribbon Separator Fi l ter

20

Conclusions

Resul ts Comparison – M ass Loading Capaci ty – Fi l tering Ef f iciency – Elevated Condi tion Performance – Resistance to Rough Handl ing – Fi l ter Pack Endurance

Appl ication Considerations Recommendation for Future Testing

21

Acknowledgement

22

We acknowledge the support of this work under DOE Cooperative Agreement

DE-FC01-06EW07040.

Damaged Ribbon Pleat Fi l ter Fi l ter was shipped in a box, not a crate. Fi l ter has thinner gauge metal for protective gri l l and strengthening bands. Less physical ly robust as dimple pleat f i l ters manufactured by Flanders. This f i l ter was used for ambient condi tions loading capaci ty test, which was outside of the ini tial scope of work for ribbon pleat f i l ter testing.

24

OLD SLIDES

25

Image Safe Change Fi l ter Col lected at 28.3 m3/min (1000cfm) af ter Rupture

26

Remote Change Test 1

27

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

12:57:36 13:12:00 13:26:24 13:40:48 13:55:12

Tem

pera

ture

(ºC

) and

Rel

ativ

e H

umity

(%)

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure

(kPa

)

Time

First Remote Change Filter Test Elevated Conditions Portion of Testing

Differentail Pressure Elevated Related Humidity Elevated Temperature Elevated

Safe Change Test 1

28

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

11:42:43 11:54:14 12:05:46 12:17:17 12:28:48 12:40:19

Tem

pera

ture

(ºC

) and

Rel

ativ

e H

umid

ity (%

)

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure (

kPa)

Time

Differential Pressure, Humidity, and Temperature vs. Time Safe Change Elevated Conditions Test Filter

Elevated Portion of Testing

Differential Pressure Temperature Relative Humidity

Conclusions

ACFM vs SCFM Separator Issues – Dimple Pleat & Elevated RH and T – Losing Rigidi ty and Dimples relax

Large Aspect Ratio of the Pleats

29

AG-1 Radial Flow Representative Fi l ters

Two Versions Tested – Remote Change – Safe Change

Dimple Pleat

30

Remote Change

Safe Change

Filter Type Safe Change

Remote Change

# of Pleats 345 330 Media (m2) 29.73 29.17 Interior Diameter (cm) 33.02 27.94

31

Testing Condi tions – Ambient

Temp: 15.6 to 26.7ºC (60 to 80ºF) RH: 40 to 60% Load wi th aerosol unti l f i l ter rupture or 12.5 kPa (50 in.w.c.) is reached.

– Elevated Load wi th aerosol under ambient condi tions unti l 1 kPa (4 in. w.c.). Chal lenge wi thout aerosol at an elevated temperature of

Project Technical Work ing Group

M ississippi State Universi ty Insti tute for Clean Energy Technology Department of Energy EM -30 DNFSB (Defense Nuclear Faci l i ties Safety Board) NNSA (National Nuclear Safety Administration) FTF (Fi l ter Test Faci l i ty), ATI Labs DOE Si tes and Contractors Flanders CSC

32

Single Radial Fi l ter A i rf low During Testing

33

Blind Filter

Blind

Aerosol Injection

34

24” Test Stand

Nozzle

3” Flange

Vaccon Critical Orifice

Compressed Air Inlet

KTRON Powder Feeder

Sensors

35

Relative Humidity Sensor

RH/Temp Readout

RH Probe

Pressure Sensor

Temperature Sensor

Differential Temperature

Filter Housing

Differential Pressure

36

Test Parameters and Guidelines: Aerosol #1 (Alumina)

Aerosol #2 (Carbon Black)

Aerosol #3 (AZ Road Dust)

Remote Change Dimple Pleat Filter

Test Set 1: 56.6 m3/min (2000 SCFM) 15.6 to 26.7 (60 and 80) 40-60% RH Max dP and/or failure

2 Filters 2 Filters 2 Filters

Safe Change Dimple Pleat Filter

1 Filter 1 Filter 1 Filter

Ribbon Separator Filter

1 Filter N/A N/A

Remote Change Dimple Pleat Filter

Test Set 2: 56.6 m3/min (2000 SCFM) 54.4ºC (130ºF ) 95-100% RH Max dP and/or failure

2 Filters N/A N/A

Safe Change Dimple Pleat Filter

1 Filter N/A N/A

Ribbon Separator Filter

1 Filter N/A N/A

Burner Characterization

37

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

dN/d

log

dp (#

/cc)

Particle Diameter (µm)

Alumina Baseline Particle Size Distribution

Burner Characterization

38

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

CO

Em

issi

ons (

PPM

)

Primary Air Controller Set Point

Burner Operational Settings and Impact on CO Emissions

0 Turns

1 Turn

2 Turns

3 Turns

4 Turns

5 Turns

6 Turns

7 Turns

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Flam

e Te

mpe

ratu

re (º

F)

Primary Air Controller Set Point

Burner Operational Settings and Impact on "Flame Temperature"

0 Turns

1 Turn

2 Turns

3 Turns

4 Turns

5 Turns

6 Turns

7 Turns

Burner Aerosol Resolution

39

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Part

icle

Con

cent

ratio

n (#

/cc)

dN

/dlo

gdp

Particle Diameter (nm)

Burner, Alumina, and Ambient Air PSD

Burner Startup PSD Alumina PSD Ambient Air PSD Burner Warmed Up PSD

Elevated Flow Examination Pi tot Traverses

40

35

45

55

65

75

85

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

Volu

met

ric

Flow

rate

(m3 /m

in)

Distance (m) from Back Wall

Horizontal Traverse

No Straightener Center With Straightener With Straightener and Burner

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

35 45 55 65 75 85

Dis

tanc

e (m

) fro

m B

otto

m W

all

Volumetric Flowrate (m3/min)

Vertical Traverse

No Straightener

Center

With Straightener

With Straightener and Burner

Elevated Flow Examination

41

40

60

80

100

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

14:38:24 15:07:12 15:36:00 16:04:48

Volu

met

ric

Flow

rate

(Std

m3/

min

)

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure

(kPa

)

Time

Safe Change Filter Test (Preloaded with Alumina to 1 kPa) Operated at Elevated ACFM flowrates

to mimic SCFM at elevated T

Differential Pressure (KPa) Volumetric Flowrate (Std m^3/min)

65 m^3/min 68 m^3/min

71 m^3/min 57 m^3/min

Downstream Camera

42

Digital Camera

Test Filter

Camera Pan and Tilt Head

LED Ring Light

Downstream Camera

43

Upstream Camera

44

Digital Camera

Swivel Mechanism

LED Lamps

A B

C D

M ass Loading Curves – Al l Fi l ters

45

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure

(KPa

)

Mass (grams)

Mass Loading Curves All Flters







Safe Change - AZ Road Dust


Safe Change - Alumina


First Test Fi l ter Safe Change

46

Test Stand Characterization

Burner Characterization Burner Aerosol Resolution Elevated Flow Examination – Traverses (Compare w/ Previous)

Elevated Temperature Examination – Issue wi th operational f low

47

Elevated Temperature Examination

48

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

14:38:24 14:52:48 15:07:12 15:21:36 15:36:00 15:50:24 16:04:48 16:19:12 16:33:36

Volu

met

ric

Flow

rate

(m3/

min

)

Diff

eren

tial P

ress

ure (

kPa)

Time

Filter Preloaded to 1 KPa with Alumina Tested at 56.6 m3/min Actual Flow with Elevated Temperature

Differential Pressure Volumetric Flowrate (Std m^3/min) Volumetric Flowrate (Actual m^3/min)

56.6 m3/min @ 540C

Add RH @ 50%

Burner & Water Spray OFF

performance comparison of dimple pleat separator and

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