PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION

Naveen Raj D.S

PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION

• Perception is the result of complex interaction of Perception is the result of complex interaction of various senses such as feeling, seeing, hearing, various senses such as feeling, seeing, hearing, thinking and comparing with known aspects of life thinking and comparing with known aspects of life in order to make some sense of the world around in order to make some sense of the world around usus

• Perception is the process of receiving information Perception is the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us. It about and making sense of the world around us. It involves deciding which information to notice, how involves deciding which information to notice, how to categorize this information and how to to categorize this information and how to interpret it within the framework of existing interpret it within the framework of existing knowledge.knowledge.

• The quality or accuracy of a person’s perception is The quality or accuracy of a person’s perception is an important factor determining the quality of the an important factor determining the quality of the decision and action decision and action

MAJOR INFLUENCES ON THE MAJOR INFLUENCES ON THE CONCEPT OF PERCEPTIONCONCEPT OF PERCEPTION

1.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEIVERCHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEIVER

2.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEIVEDCHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERCEIVED

3.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITUATIONCHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITUATION

• Factors influencing PerceptionFactors influencing Perception

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Factors in the perceiver• Attitudes• Motives• Interests• Experience• Expectations

Perception

Factors in the Target• Novelty• Motion• Sounds• Size• Background• Proximity• Similarity

Factors in the situation• Time• Work Setting• Social Setting

THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESSTHE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS

1.1.SensationSensationAn individual’s ability to An individual’s ability to detect stimuli in the detect stimuli in the immediate environment.immediate environment.

2.2.SelectionSelectionThe process a person The process a person uses to eliminate some uses to eliminate some of the stimuli that have of the stimuli that have been sensed and to been sensed and to retain others for further retain others for further processing.processing.

3. Organization3. OrganizationThe process of placing The process of placing selected perceptual selected perceptual stimuli into a stimuli into a framework for framework for “storage.”“storage.”

4. Translation4. TranslationThe stage of the The stage of the perceptual process at perceptual process at which stimuli are which stimuli are interpreted and given interpreted and given meaning.meaning. 6

PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATIONPERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION

• It is the process by which we group It is the process by which we group outside stimuli into recognizable and outside stimuli into recognizable and identifiable patterns and whole objects.identifiable patterns and whole objects.

• Certain factors are considered to be Certain factors are considered to be important contributors on assembling, important contributors on assembling, organizing and categorizing information organizing and categorizing information in the human brain. These arein the human brain. These are

• Figure ground differentiation Figure ground differentiation • Perceptual groupingPerceptual grouping

FIGURE-GROUND ILLUSTRATIONFIGURE-GROUND ILLUSTRATION

The tendency to distinguish The tendency to distinguish and focus on a stimulus that is classified as and focus on a stimulus that is classified as

figure as opposed to background.figure as opposed to background.

PERCEPTUAL GROUPINGPERCEPTUAL GROUPING

• Our tendency to group several individual Our tendency to group several individual stimuli into a meaningful and stimuli into a meaningful and recognizable pattern.recognizable pattern.

• It is very basic in nature and largely it It is very basic in nature and largely it seems to be inborn.seems to be inborn.

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PERPETUAL SELECTIVITY / SELECTIVE PERPETUAL SELECTIVITY / SELECTIVE PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION

People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests,

background, experience attitudes and stimulus selection

FACTORS INFLUENCING STIMULI FACTORS INFLUENCING STIMULI SELECTIONSELECTION

EXTERNAL EXTERNAL FACTORSFACTORS

SIZESIZE INTENSITYINTENSITY CONTRASTCONTRAST REPETITIONREPETITION MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

NOVELTY AND FAMILIARITYNOVELTY AND FAMILIARITY ORDERORDER

INTERNAL FACTORSINTERNAL FACTORS

LEARNINGLEARNING

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS AND ERRORSAND ERRORS

• STEREOTYPINGSTEREOTYPING: : Judging someone on the basis of one’s Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that persons belongs.perception of the group to which that persons belongs.

• HALO EFFECT: Drawing general impressions on the basis of HALO EFFECT: Drawing general impressions on the basis of a single characteristic.a single characteristic.

• PERCEPTUAL DEFENSE: The process by which stimuli that PERCEPTUAL DEFENSE: The process by which stimuli that are potentially threatening, offensive or unpleasant are are potentially threatening, offensive or unpleasant are either not perceived or are distorted in perception.either not perceived or are distorted in perception.

• PROJECTION: Attributing one's own PROJECTION: Attributing one's own characteristic to other people.characteristic to other people.

• EXPECTANCY: Evaluation of a person’s EXPECTANCY: Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are effected by characteristics that are effected by comparisons with other people recently comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.the same characteristics.

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

• EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEWEMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW

• PERFORMANCE APPRAISALSPERFORMANCE APPRAISALS

• ASSESSING LEVEL OF EFFORTASSESSING LEVEL OF EFFORT

• ASSESSING LOYALTYASSESSING LOYALTY

IMPLICATION OF PERCEPTION IN IMPLICATION OF PERCEPTION IN ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONINGORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONING

•INFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITYINFLUENCE PRODUCTIVITY

•ABSENTEEISM AND TURN OVERABSENTEEISM AND TURN OVER

•IMPROVE JOB SATISFACTIONIMPROVE JOB SATISFACTION